南疆开都河流域夏季径流量的变化及其特征分析     

魏瀛珠  赵巧华  欧阳潇然 《气象》2014,40(3):349-354

利用RegCM3模式对开都河流域2000-2006年夏季气候进行模拟,结果表明:模式对于流域夏季月降水总量和月平均气温的空间分布有较好的模拟能力。结合站点海拔高度值、实测值以及模拟量分别对降水、气温进行修正,并由此计算流域的面雨量和平均温度;结果表明开都河流域夏季面雨量与开都河同期实测径流量有较好的一致性,R~2达到0.97。对开都河流域夏季平均气温、面雨量以及径流量的分析表明,降水是影响流域夏季径流量的主要影响因子;而气温对于径流呈现负贡献的原因可能由于对温度敏感的小冰川大大减少,致使径流量随着温度增加而增加的关系减弱。此外,气温升高导致流域蒸散量的提高,可能是气温呈现负贡献的又一原因。  相似文献   

高分七号卫星激光测高仪无场几何定标法     

李国元  唐新明  周晓青  卢刚  陈继溢  黄庚华  高小明  刘诏  欧阳斯达 《测绘学报》2022,51(3):401-412

无场几何定标是未来多波束激光测高卫星面临的一个关键问题。本文针对高分七号（GF-7）线性体制全波形激光测高仪,提出了一种基于地形和波形匹配的无场分步定标方法。在深入分析高分七号卫星激光测高仪特点的基础上,构建了严密几何定位模型,采用公开版的地形参考数据和某地区1∶2000高精度的DOM和LiDAR-DSM基础地理信息成果,开展了在轨无场几何定标试验,显著提高了高分七号卫星激光测高数据精度。在2020年上半年受新冠肺炎影响未进行外场定标期间,有效解决了激光测高数据处理无定标参数的实际困难。本文对无场定标结果与高分七号实际外场定标结果进行对比验证,结果表明,无场定标结果与实际落点位置的平面误差为11.597±3.693 m,最小值为7.115 m,平坦地区高程精度优于0.3 m,虽然略低于外场定标结果,但能满足1∶10 000高程控制点测量需求。  相似文献   

太阳系生命信息探测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

付晓辉  欧阳自远  邹永廖 《地学前缘》2014,21(1):161-176

寻找地外生命是人类开展太阳系探测的根本出发点。火星是太阳系中最可能存在生命的天体之一。尽管海盗号开展的生物科学实验没有获得存在生命的确凿证据,但是近二十年的探测利用高分辨成像、光谱、质谱、雷达、中子分析等多方面的探测手段,获得了河流侵蚀地貌、古湖泊河流沉积物、水成矿物、极地冰盖、大气中水蒸气组分等一系列反映火星上有水的证据。这些发现暗示了火星过去或现在存在适宜生命繁衍的环境特征。大气甲烷、火星样品中有机物是下一步火星生命探测的重点。木星和土星的天然卫星,包括木卫二、土卫二和土卫六等在地外生命的研究中引起极大关注。木卫二上的盐水海洋环境被认为可能孕育生命,海洋中可能存在类似地球上的水热地质作用。土卫二南极存在细粒冰晶的喷射,且喷射物含有对于生命非常关键的液态水、氨气和其他碳氢化合物等。碳质球粒陨石存在大量可溶性有机物,其中包括多种构成蛋白质的氨基酸。星尘号和深度撞击任务的探测结果证实彗星所代表原始物质中含有大量的有机化合物,部分类型的氨基酸在碳质陨石和星际尘埃IDP颗粒相同,进一步支持了彗星与地球生命的起源之间存在联系。文中分析了太阳系生命探测中亟须解决的关键问题,包括系统建立地外生物标志化合物、发展适合太阳系探测的有机物分析技术、开展地球极端生命研究。最后呼吁我国在未来火星等天体探测任务中能增加有机物探测的相关载荷,及时介入太阳系生命探测,开拓深空领域。  相似文献   

The influence of irrigation and Wuliangsuhai Lake on groundwater quality in eastern Hetao Basin,Inner Mongolia,China     

Dongnan Zhu  M. Cathryn Ryan  Biao Sun  Changyou Li 《Hydrogeology Journal》2014,22(5):1101-1114

Geochemical and isotopic characterization of groundwater and lake-water samples were combined with water and total dissolved solids balances to evaluate sources of groundwater quality deterioration in eastern Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia, China. Groundwater quality is poor; 11 of 13 wells exceed drinking-water guidelines for at least one health-based parameter and all wells exceed aesthetic guidelines. The well water is largely derived from Yellow River irrigation water. Notably high uranium concentrations in the Yellow River, relative to world rivers, suggest groundwater uranium and other trace elements may originate in the river-derived irrigation water. Complex hydrostratigraphy and spatial variation in groundwater recharge result in spatially complex groundwater flow and geochemistry. Evapotranspiration of irrigation water causes chloride concentration increases of up to two orders of magnitude in the basin, notably in shallow groundwater around Wuliangsuhai Lake. In addition to evapotranspiration, groundwater quality is affected by mineral precipitation and dissolution, silicate weathering, and redox processes. The lake-water and TDS balances suggest that a small amount of discharge to groundwater (but associated with very high solute concentrations) contributes to groundwater salinization in this region. Increasing salinity in the groundwater and Wuliangsuhai Lake will continue to deteriorate water quality unless irrigation management practices improve.  相似文献   

Accumulation and ecological effects of soil heavy metals in conventional and organic greenhouse vegetable production systems in Nanjing,China   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Yong Chen  Biao Huang  Wenyou Hu  David C. Weindorf  Xiaoxiao Liu  Lanqin Yang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(8):3605-3616

The spatial variability of soil heavy metals in conventional and organic greenhouse vegetable production (CGVP and OGVP) systems can reveal the influence of different farming activities on their accumulation and plant uptake. This provides important basic data for soil utilization and pollution risk assessment. Based on horizontal and vertical spatial analysis, this paper presents the spatial variability and accumulation of soil heavy metals. The effects on plant uptake and factors influencing heavy metal accumulation are presented using the two typical greenhouse vegetable sites in Nanjing City, China as examples. Results showed that different greenhouse vegetable production systems had their own dominant heavy metal accumulation, specifically, Hg and Pb in CGVP system and Cd in OGVP system. The spatial analysis showed that horizontally, distribution of soil properties and heavy metal concentrations in the two sites showed decreases from specific regions to the periphery for organic matter (OM), Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in CGVP and OM, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in OGVP. Vertically, soil properties and heavy metals mainly vary in the topsoil. The key factor for the accumulation was excess fertilizer input. Variation of soil properties and the accumulation of soil heavy metals significantly influenced heavy metal uptake by plants. However, accumulation risk varied according to different heavy metals and different plant species. Environmental management of these two kinds of production systems should pay more attention to fertilizer application, plant selection, and soil properties.  相似文献   

成藏期砂岩孔隙度对油气分布的控制作用——以东营凹陷牛庄洼陷沙三中亚段岩性油藏为例          下载免费PDF全文

刘明洁  刘震  王标  张旺  姚星  王新征  赵海燕 《地质科学》2014,(1):147-160

在具有相同储集砂体和相似断层输导情况下,牛庄洼陷沙三中亚段砂岩体油藏长期存在以下难以解释的现象：1）现今砂岩孔隙度分布与油气分布不一致,高孔隙砂岩不含油而低孔隙砂岩含油;2）相同物性砂岩有的含油而有的不含油,含油砂体现今物性接近,但含油级别却存在很大差异。本文从古孔隙度恢复方面分析了牛庄洼陷西部地区沙三中砂岩储层在成藏期的储集条件,并探讨了成藏期储层临界孔隙度。研究发现：1）虽然现今储层物性下限很低,部分砂岩已经致密化,但成藏期的古孔隙度分布在18%～25%范围内,远大于成藏期临界孔隙度13.9%。但由于埋藏过程的差异导致砂岩储层后期减孔幅度不同,因而现今储层物性不能反映成藏期储层物性,成藏期孔隙度高并不能代表现今孔隙度高;2）成藏期高孔隙度带与现今油气分布范围高度一致,表明在相似断层输导条件下,由于储层物性级差优势形成油气优势运移通道,导致高孔隙度带砂体含油,因此,沙三中亚段岩性油藏富集在成藏期高孔隙带中,成藏期砂岩古孔隙度是油气成藏的重要控制因素,而现今砂岩储层高孔隙带在成藏期并不一定高。牛庄洼陷西部地区沙三中亚段储层中具有高古孔隙度的砂岩仍有较大勘探潜力。  相似文献   

内蒙古道伦达坝铜钨多金属矿黑云母花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7  

周振华  欧阳荷根  武新丽  刘军  车合伟 《岩石学报》2014,30(1):79-94

内蒙古道伦达坝铜钨多金属矿是大兴安岭南段近年来新发现的一个铜、钨、锡共生的多金属矿床,成矿与中粗粒黑云母花岗岩密切相关,但其形成时代还存在较大争议,对岩浆来源缺乏足够的研究。本文对道伦达坝矿床内黑云母花岗岩进行了系统的岩石地球化学、年代学、Hf-Pb同位素地球化学组成测试。道伦达坝黑云母花岗岩SiO2含量为65.42%～67.41%,富铝、钾,A/NCK值为1.08～1.27,CIPW标准矿物刚玉含量较高(1.82%～4.08%),岩石属于过铝质S型花岗岩。微量、稀土元素组成表现出的轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损型式和Eu负异常以及明显的Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti亏损的特点显示为壳源成因的火山弧花岗岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明其形成年龄为292.1±0.84Ma(MSWD=1.18)～292.5±0.88Ma(MSWD=0.46)。Hf同位素测试结果显示,道伦达坝黑云母花岗岩的εHf(t)=-0.8～+13.3,176Hf/177Hf比值(0.282643～0.282804)偏低,二阶段Hf同位素模式年龄较高(740～1024Ma)。全岩Pb同位素组成较均一,206Pb/204Pb介于18.416～18.766,207Pb/204Pb介于15.519～15.542,208Pb/204Pb变化在38.238～39.460。黑云母花岗岩为早二叠世西伯利亚板块南缘俯冲增生背景下的产物,主要源自从亏损地幔新增生的年轻地壳物质的部分重熔,在侵位过程中可能受到了残留的古地壳或岩石圈地幔的混染。古生代是兴蒙造山带的一个重要的成矿阶段,矿化以岛弧或活动大陆边缘背景下的斑岩-矽卡岩-热液脉型铜钼金多金属矿床为主。  相似文献   

个旧老卡岩体凹陷带岩矿特征与成矿机理分析     

欧阳恒  彭省临  谷湘平  杨斌  邵拥军 《矿产与地质》2014,(1):88-92

对云南个旧矿田的典型控矿地带——老卡岩体凹陷带内的矿化特征、岩相学及矿相学特征和流体包裹体进行分析,进一步研究花岗岩凹陷带的成矿机理。研究认为变玄武岩中普遍发育的金云母化是导致变玄武岩型矿床中锡矿化与金属硫化物伴生的原因之一,凹陷带内带所见的金云母化和绢云母化都与成矿有着密切的关系。花岗岩凹陷带的成矿作用经历了花岗岩侵位、花岗岩叠加改造玄武岩内的"矿胚"、花岗岩蚀变、矿化沉淀这四个过程。  相似文献   

一种由铣刀刃形求螺旋槽形状方法的探讨     

钟罗杰  陈益瑞  关彪 《广东海洋大学学报》2001,21(4):59-62

根据无瞬心包络原理,用向量法推导一种由已知铣刀刃形求螺旋槽形状的简便计算公式和方法.  相似文献   

Aluminum-26, sodium-22 and cobalt-60 in two drill cores and some other samples of the Jilin chondrite     

G. HEUSSER  Z. OUYANG  J. OEHM  W. YI 《Meteoritics & planetary science》1996,31(5):657-665

Abstract— Two drill cores have been taken from the main mass of the Jilin chondrite, Jilin I. One was bored perpendicular to the 2π surface of the first exposure stage, the other parallel to this surface, and both intersected at the presumed 4π center of Jilin's second exposure stage. The probed depths were 65 cm and 105 cm, respectively, with a diameter of 26.5 mm. Fifteen drill core samples, 2 documented samples and 14 strewn field samples have been analysed for ²⁶Al, ⁶⁰Co and ²²Na. The reconstruction of the preatmospheric Jilin via ⁶⁰Co resulted in slight deviations for the center position and for the radius (now R = 80⁺¹⁰_?5 cm) compared to an earlier study in 1985. The ⁶⁰Co production rate profile is now almost completely reproduced. A constant production rate of ²²Na and of ²⁶Al during the 4π irradiation is confirmed also for the center region. The good linear correlation of ²⁶Al and ²¹Ne yields slightly revised irradiation ages for both stages of t₁ = 7 ± 1 Ma and t₂ = 0.32^+0.06-_0.03 Ma.  相似文献