Using micro-catchment experiments for multi-local scale modelling of nature-based solutions     

Barry Hankin  Trevor J. C. Page  Nick A. Chappell  Keith J. Beven  Paul J. Smith  Ann Kretzschmar  Rob Lamb 《水文研究》2021,35(11):e14418

The Q-natural flood management project has co-developed with the Environment Agency 18 monitored micro-catchments (~1 km²) in Cumbria, UK installing calibrated flumes aimed at quantifying the potential shift in observed flows resulting from a range of nature-based-solutions installed by local organizations. The small-scale reduces the influence of variability characterizing larger catchments that would otherwise mask any such shifts, which we attempt to relate to a shift in model parameters. This paper demonstrates an approach to applying donor-parameter-shifts obtained from modelling two of the paired micro-catchments to a much larger scale, in order to understand the potential for improved distributed modelling of nature-based solutions in the form of additional tree-planting. The models include a rainfall-runoff model, Dynamic Topmodel, and a 2D hydrodynamic model, JFlow, permitting analysis of changes in hillslope processes and channel hydrodynamics resulting from a range of distributed measures designed to emulate natural hydrological processes that evaporate, store or infiltrate flows. We report on attempts to detect shift in hydrological response using one of the paired-micro-catchment moorland versus forestry sites in Lorton using Dynamic Topmodel. A donor-parameter-shift approach is used in a hypothetical experiment to represent new woodland in a much larger catchment, although testing all combinations of spatial planting strategies, responses to multiple-extremes, failure-modes and changes to synchronization becomes intractable to support good decision making. We argue that the problem can be re-framed to use donor-parameter-shifts at multi-local-scale catchments above communities known to be at risk, commensurate with most of the evidence of NbS impacts being effective at the small scale (ca. 10 km²). This might lead to more effective modelling to help catchment managers prioritize those communities-at-risk where there is more evidence that NbS might be effective.  相似文献   

Testing the evolutionary link between submillimetre galaxies and quasars: CO observations of QSOs at z∼ 2     

K. E. K. Coppin  A. M. Swinbank  R. Neri  P. Cox  D. M. Alexander  Ian Smail  M. J. Page  J. A. Stevens  K. K. Knudsen  R. J. Ivison  A. Beelen  F. Bertoldi  A. Omont 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,389(1):45-62

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Diachronous isotopic and sedimentary responses to topographic change as indicators of mid‐Eocene hydrologic reorganization in the western United States     

Malinda L. Kent‐Corson  Andreas Mulch  Stephan A. Graham  Alan R. Carroll  Bradley D. Ritts  C. Page Chamberlain 《Basin Research》2010,22(6):829-845

Early Cenozoic terrestrial deposits in the western United States represent well‐preserved archives of climatic and tectonic processes that together shaped the Earth's surface during the demise of a large continental plateau. This study examines a Cenozoic terrestrial sedimentary sequence in the central part of the Cordilleran orogen (Montana) using sedimentologic and geochemical techniques. At ～49 Ma, we observe rapid major shifts in oxygen, carbon and strontium isotope records that are too large to directly reflect changes in meteoric water composition due to simple orographic rainout. The transition to low‐δ¹⁸O values in pedogenic carbonate in concert with changes in the composition of clastic material at ～49 Ma points to the input of evolved meteoric water to the hydrological cycle due to a change in the source of waters reaching Cordilleran intermontane regions in southwestern Montana. This drainage reorganization coincides with the initiation of magmatism and extension to the west in what is now Montana and Idaho. The sedimentological record shows evidence that depositional gradients increased in the study area ～46 Ma, ～3 Myr after the drainage reorganization occurred. This interval is most likely the time it took for extensional deformation to propagate to the study area itself. Evidence of freshening events in Laramide Basins to the southeast suggests that this drainage reorganization diverted waters to progressively fill these basins and highlights the impact of post‐plateau extension‐related landscape reorganization on river networks and lake dynamics. This study also emphasizes the importance of using multiple tools in deciphering topographic history through the study of terrestrial basin deposits, in that interpretation based on any single method employed would have compromised our ability to successfully identify the regional evolution of topography and drainage networks.  相似文献   

Probabilistic Approach to Evaluation of Metal(loid) Fate During Stormwater Aquifer Storage and Recovery          下载免费PDF全文

Joanne L. Vanderzalm  Declan W. Page  Karen E. Barry  Kathleen Scheiderich  Dennis Gonzalez  Peter J. Dillon 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(12):1672-1684

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A numerical study of detached shear layers in a rotating sliced cylinder     

M. A. Page 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1-2):51-69

Abstract

The low Rossby number flow in a rotating cylinder with an inclined bottom, of small slope, is examined when part of the lid of the container is rotating at a slightly different rate. The resulting flow is calculated numerically by solving the governing equations for the two-dimensional geostrophic motion which approximates the flow in most of the fluid including the inertially-modified E ^¼ -layers. The presence of ageostrophic regions, on the container walls and beneath the velocity discontinuity on the lid, is accounted for in the governing equations and their boundary conditions. This study supplements previous work on this configuration, in which the zero Rossby number flow was calculated and experimental results were presented, by enabling a direct comparison to be made between the results of the low Rossby number theory and the experiments. The numerical results for a range of Rossby and Ekman numbers compare well with those from the experiments despite a severe limitation on the size of the Rossby number arising from the analysis in the ageostrophic part of the detached shear layer.  相似文献   

Marine Macrophyte Wrack Inputs and Dissolved Nutrients in Beach Sands     

Jenifer E. Dugan  David M. Hubbard  Henry M. Page  Joshua P. Schimel 《Estuaries and Coasts》2011,34(4):839-850

We investigated the role of sandy beaches in nearshore nutrient cycling by quantifying macrophyte wrack inputs and examining relationships between wrack accumulation and pore water nutrients during the summer dry season. Macrophyte inputs, primarily giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera, exceeded 2.3 kg m⁻¹ day⁻¹. Mean wrack biomass varied 100-fold among beaches (range = 0.41 to 46.43 kg m⁻¹). Mean concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), primarily NO_x⁻-N, and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in intertidal pore water varied significantly among beaches (ranges = 1 to 6,553 μM and 7 to 2,006 μM, respectively). Intertidal DIN and DON concentrations were significantly correlated with wrack biomass. Surf zone concentrations of DIN were also strongly correlated with wrack biomass and with intertidal DIN, suggesting export of nutrients from re-mineralized wrack. Our results suggest beach ecosystems can process and re-mineralize substantial organic inputs and accumulate dissolved nutrients, which are subsequently available to nearshore waters and primary producers.  相似文献   

A Geography of Heritage: Power, Culture and Economy.: By Brian Graham, G.J. Ashworth and J.E. Tunbridge.     

Stephen Page 《New Zealand geographer》2000,56(2):61-62

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Changes in Climate Extremes Over the Australian Region and New Zealand During the Twentieth Century   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Neil Plummer  M. James Salinger  Neville Nicholls  Ramasamy Suppiah  Kevin J. Hennessy  Robert M. Leighton  Blair Trewin  Cher M. Page  Janice M. Lough 《Climatic change》1999,42(1):183-202

Analyses of high quality data show that there have been some interesting recent changes in the incidence of some climate extremes in the Australian region and New Zealand.  相似文献   

Soft X-ray spectral variations of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Markarian 766     

M. J. Page  F. J. Carrera  J. P. D. Mittaz  K. O. Mason 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1999,305(4):775-794

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First record of the Australian ascidian Eudistoma elongatum in northern New Zealand     

Peter J. Smith  Mike Page  Sean J. Handley  S. Margaret McVeagh  Merrick Ekins 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):347-355

A colonial ascidian was first reported by marine farmers in Houhora Harbour, Northland, New Zealand in early 2005 and subsequently found on oyster racks in Parengarenga Harbour and the Bay of Islands. The Northland ascidian was identified with a combination of morphological characters and DNA cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequence data, as Eudistoma elongatum, a species native to Australia, where it is found from northern New South Wales to Northern Queensland, and distinguished from Eudistoma circumvallatum, the only reported species in this genus from New Zealand. Ascidian larvae are weak dispersers and long distance dispersal of E. elongatum is likely to be enhanced by vectors such as oyster barges and/or movement of cultured oysters. In its native range, E. elongatum is restricted to areas with a minimum winter sea temperature of 16°C. Assuming similar biological limitations apply in New Zealand, the spread of E. elongatum might be restricted to northern New Zealand (north of latitude 37°S).  相似文献