基于GIS的唐山市区环境地质模糊评价分析     

鲁明星  孙金华  吴班 《地震工程与工程振动》2006,26(3):34-36

针对唐山市区地质环境研究的现状,选用G IS组件(M apOb jects)结合可视化编程工具VB研发了地质数据管理平台。在所建立的地质数据管理平台上利用模糊数学评价方法,选择地质构造、地层岩性、第4系厚度、地下水、岩溶地面塌陷和采煤地面塌陷作为评价因子,建立了唐山市区环境地质模糊综合评价模型,编程实现了唐山市区环境地质评价分区,为城市规划和工程建设提供了决策支持。  相似文献   

“三调”中线状地物图斑化流程优化     

王胜利  卞盼盼  赵海峰  朱寿红  张宁 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(2):24-27

第三次全国国土调查("三调")与第二次全国土地调查相比,需要将符合上图精度的线状图层地物全部进行图斑化表示,以图斑的形式存储在数据库中。实际作业过程中,为便于后续的数据统计分析,图斑化的单线要素需要在对应的线状地物图层的特定字段中标记"3",表示该线物要素已进行图斑化处理。上述过程在实际生产中工作量大、易误操作。针对所述问题,在对数据进行对比分析后,提出了程序化解决方案,能够大幅度提高处理效率和数据质量。  相似文献   

Water flow velocity over frozen and nonfrozen black soil slopes          下载免费PDF全文

Chao Chen  Yunyun Ban  Tingwu Lei  Ren Feng  Yuan Gao 《水文研究》2018,32(14):2231-2238

Ice‐ and snow‐melted water flow over partially thawed frozen soil of cultivated slopes causes serious soil erosion, which results in soil degradation and affects productivity in Northeast China. Water flow velocity over frozen and nonfrozen soil shows importance in understanding meltwater erosion. In this work, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to measure water flow velocity over frozen and nonfrozen soil slopes. Experiments were performed using the electrolyte trace method under the pulse boundary model, under conditions of 4 slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15°, and 20°), 3 flow rates (1, 2, and 4 L/min), and 7 sensors positioned at 0.1, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 m away from the electrolyte injection point. Results showed that velocities over frozen soil slopes increased with flow rate and slope gradient. Flow velocities over nonfrozen soil slopes increased with flow rate and slope gradients from 5° to 15° and stabilized at 15°. Flow velocities over frozen soil slopes were 30%, 54%, 71%, and 91% higher than those over nonfrozen ones at slope gradients of 5°, 10°, 15°, and 20°. Flow velocities over frozen soil slopes under different flow rates of 1, 2, and 4 L/min were approximately 52%, 59%, and 79% higher than those over nonfrozen soil, respectively. This study can help in assessing the erosion of partially thawed frozen soil by meltwater flow.  相似文献   

GIS层次分析法在地质环境保障能力评价中的应用——以山东半岛蓝色经济区为例          下载免费PDF全文

刘治政  朱恒华  王晶晶  孟盼盼  王玮  尚浩  刘柏含  李双 《山东国土资源》2021,37(12)

区域经济建设与社会发展必须与地质环境保障能力相适应,地质环境保障能力的评价是涉及多层次、多因素作用的空间综合评价。在山东半岛蓝色经济区地质环境保障能力评价过程中,选取2个领域层、11个准则层、37个指标层指标建立评价体系,利用层次分析法确定各评价指标的权重,再以地理信息系统为基础进行图形的空间处理与叠加运算,进而按照确定的分级标准将地质环境保障能力分为强、较强、中等、较弱、弱5个等级。  相似文献   

Crowd sensing and spatiotemporal analysis in urban open space using multi-viewpoint geotagged videos     

Feng Liu  Zhigang Han  Hongquan Song  Jiayao Wang  Chun Liu  Gaohan Ban 《Transactions in GIS》2023,27(2):494-515

Increasing concern for urban public safety has motivated the deployment of a large number of surveillance cameras in open spaces such as city squares, stations, and shopping malls. The efficient detection of crowd dynamics in urban open spaces using multi-viewpoint surveillance videos continues to be a fundamental problem in the field of urban security. The use of existing methods for extracting features from video images has resulted in significant progress in single-camera image space. However, surveillance videos are geotagged videos with location information, and few studies have fully exploited the spatial semantics of these videos. In this study, multi-viewpoint videos in geographic space are used to fuse object trajectories for crowd sensing and spatiotemporal analysis. The YOLOv3-DeepSORT model is used to detect a pedestrian and extract the corresponding image coordinates, combine spatial semantics (such as the positions of the pedestrian in the field of view of the camera) to build a projection transformation matrix and map the object recorded by a single camera to geographic space. Trajectories from multi-viewpoint videos are fused based on the features of location, time, and directions to generate a complete pedestrian trajectory. Then, crowd spatial pattern analysis, density estimation, and motion trend analysis are performed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can be used to identify crowd dynamics and analyze the corresponding spatiotemporal pattern in an urban open space from a global perspective, providing a means of intelligent spatiotemporal analysis of geotagged videos.  相似文献   

Effects of temperature and salinity on the development of embryos and larvae of the veined rapa whelk Rapana venosa （Valenciennes, 1846）   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

班绍君  张涛  潘恒倩  潘洋  王平川  薛东秀 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(4):773-782

The major population of the veined rapa whelk Rapana venosa(Valenciennes, 1846), which is an important fishery resource, is facing a large decline in China. We studied the effects of incubation temperature(16–34℃ at salinity 30) and salinity(5–45 at 25℃) on the incubation period and subsequent larval development. In the temperature experiment, the shortest incubation period was 12 days at 34℃, the lower temperature limit was 16℃, the longest mean shell length(1 193±17 μm) occurred at 25℃ and the highest survival rate 72.28%±5.62% was observed at 28℃. In the salinity experiment, the shortest incubation period was 15 days at 25. The salinity tolerance range was 15–40, the longest mean shell length(855±9 μm) and the highest survival rate 72.93%±4.85% were both observed at 35. This study demonstrated that, during the egg–mass stage, temperature and salinity regimes infl uence later growth and survival of larvae. These observations deepen our understanding of the ecology and conservation of natural populations of Rapana venosa.  相似文献   

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姚连璧  孙海丽  孙盼盼 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(2):41-44

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超声波萃取-高效液相色谱法测定土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

曹攽  李云木子  马军  刘清辉 《岩矿测试》2011,30(2):178-181

邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)是环境激素类物质中的一类化合物。文章对土壤中6种被美国EPA列入"优先监测污染物名单"的PAEs类物质邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、二乙酯(DEP)、二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、二辛酯(DOP)、丁基苄基酯(BBP)邻苯二甲酸酯经超声波萃取、柱层析净化后,采用高效液相色谱法测定。对影响加标回收率的实验条件如萃取溶剂比例、萃取时间和萃取溶剂的选择等进行优化。方法回收率为94.1%～108.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为0.70%～2.42%,方法检出限为0.003～0.009μg/g。建立的方法样品前处理简单、快速,溶剂用量少,液相色谱法分析6种PAEs类物质仅用10 min,适用于大批量土壤样品中PAEs类物质的测定。  相似文献   

废旧电容器封存点土壤中多氯联苯的残留特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郑群雄  徐小强  马军  曹攽  刘清辉  郑存江 《岩矿测试》2011,30(6):699-704

利用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)研究了长江三角洲某废旧电容器封存点土壤中多氯联苯(PCBs)的残留特征。利用GC-MS的选择离子监测模式(SIM)对包括7种指示性PCBs和12种类二噁英PCBs共19种PCBs进行分析。统计结果显示,该封存点土壤中19种PCBs含量为2.01～5201.20 ng/g,平均含量为229.38ng/g,明显高于国内一般土壤,但低于国内某些封存点土壤。土壤中19种PCBs同系物以低氯代(3～5氯)为主,三者占同系物总量的85.43%,尤以三氯代-PCB 28、四氯代-PCB 52和五氯代-PCB 118残留量最高。通过对比分析得出,封存点土壤PCBs以Aroclor 1242、Aroclor 1248为主,并含少量的Aroclor 1254。封存点土壤中PCBs残留量虽未超过控制值,但已呈现污染迹象,应及时采取控制措施,阻止污染趋势进一步扩大。  相似文献   

土钉墙模型试验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

汪班桥  门玉明  陈文玲 《地球科学与环境学报》2002,24(3):15-17

通过土钉墙模型试验 ,研究了土钉在黄土中的变形情况、土钉加固黄土类深基坑的作用机理及土钉的应力分布规律 ,最后对试验的不足进行了分析。  相似文献