对虾一种无包涵体杆状病毒病原的PCR检测   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

石拓  孔杰  刘萍  包振民  韩玲玲  徐怀恕 《海洋学报》2000,22(4):96-100

为建立对虾无包涵体杆状病毒的快速诊断技术,应用PCR技术分别对暴发性流行病发生前、流行中和发病后的对虾样品进行了检测.根据已克隆的对虾杆状病毒部分基因组序列而设计的引物能特异性地扩增出靶DNA片段,最低可以检测1pg的病素DNA.由典型发病症状对虾的胃、腮、肝胰腺、中肠、游泳足、肌内和心脏等器官和组织中成功地检测到病毒.不同组织和器官经扩增得到的信号强弱不同:病虾的胃扩增得到的信号最强,中肠、肌肉、心脏和游泳足次之,腮和肝胰腺信号最弱,说明病毒在不同组织和器官中数量及感染程度不同.在对虾发病前及发病后,用二次PCR还能检测表面不发病呈隐性感染状态的对虾携带的病毒;而对野生健康虾的检测结果为阴性.研究表明,PCR是检测对虾暴发性流行病快速、灵敏而准确的方法,对病毒病的早期诊断、防治和高健康对虾品种的选育具有指导意义.  相似文献   

潮汐沉积率与沉积间断   总被引：16，自引：3，他引：16  

李从先  王平  范代读  李铁松 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1999,19(2):11-18

在浙北奥陶系文昌组和长江三角洲开敞型淤泥质海岸非潮道潮汐纹层研究的基础上,得出与国外同类研究相近的沉积率。现代海岸进积速度和潮坪沉积的观察及测试证明,上述沉积率是难以置信的。现代潮坪观测表明,潮汐纹层在形成过程中即包含着改造,所保留的纹层占应形成数的不到１０％,其余９０％以上被侵蚀。小型层序是风暴和平静天气的产物,为风暴层序,与大小潮周期无关。其地层中保留的数量不到应生成数的１０％,其余９０％被改造。小型层序被侵蚀,其中的纹层随之消失。致使潮坪层序中保存的纹层数仅为应形成数的０．２％。被改造的纹层和单层留下的仅是侵蚀面,即小间断。在进行潮汐沉积高分辨率的研究时应充分重视沉积间断的作用  相似文献   

Cyclone formation and development in the Antarctic Prydz Bay     

Xie Simei  Mei Shan  Liu Kewei  Wei Lixin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2002,21(1):45-54

Using meteorological data of field observation in 1990 - 2000, especially polar orbit high-resolution NOAA satellite cloud maps received from the Antarctic expedition vessel since 1997, the formation and development of the Prydz Bay cyclone are studied in this paper. Some new viewpoints are suggested such as: when surround-polar cyclone enters the Prydz Bay, it can also intensify and develop in summer; cyclone can also develop in the easterlies in this bay. These view points revise old uncom-plete view point that the Prydz Bay is a burial ground of cyclone, and also further consummate formation-development theory of surround-cyclone in the Antarctic westerlies and cyclone in the Antarctic easterlies. In this paper, the mechanism of ice-air-sea interaction in the Prydz Bay is studied, and the physical process of cyclone formation-development is explained. By use of wholly dynamic transportation method, an energy exchange case of a cyclone, which explosively developed after entering the Prydz Bay, is calcu  相似文献   

Methane-dominated thermochemical sulphate reduction in the Triassic Feixianguan Formation East Sichuan Basin, China: towards prediction of fatal H₂S concentrations   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Chunfang Cai  Zengye Xie  Richard H. Worden  Guoyi Hu  Lansheng Wang  Hong He 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2004,21(10):1265-1279

New sour pools have recently found in the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Fm carbonate reservoirs in the East Sichuan Basin in China with H₂S up to 17.4% by volume. A recent blowout from a well drilled into this formation killed hundreds of people as a result of the percentage concentrations of H₂S. In order to assess the origin of fatal H₂S as well as the cause of petroleum alteration, H₂S concentrations and the isotopes, δ³⁴S and δ¹³C have been collected and measured in gas samples from reservoirs. Anhydrite, pyrite and elemental sulphur δ³⁴S values have been measured for comparison. The high concentrations of H₂S gas are found to occur at depths >3000 m (temperature now at 100 °C) in evaporated platform facies oolitic dolomite or limestone that contains anhydrite nodule occurrence within the reservoirs. Where H₂S concentrations are greater than 10% its δ³⁴S values lie between +12.0 and +13.2‰ CDT. This is within the range of anhydrite δ³⁴S values found within the Feixianguan Fm (+11.0 to +21.7‰; average 15.5±3.5‰ CDT). Thus H₂S must have been generated by thermochemical sulphate reduction (TSR) locally within the reservoirs. Burial history analysis and fluid inclusion data reveal that the temperature at which TSR occurred was greater than about 130–140 °C, suggesting that the present depth-temperature minimum is an artifact of post-TSR uplift. Both methane and ethane were actively involved in TSR since the petroleum became almost totally dry (no alkanes except methane) and methane δ¹³C values become significantly heavier as TSR proceeded. Methane δ¹³C difference thus reflects the extent of TSR. While it is tempting to use a present-day depth control (>3000 m) to predict the distribution of H₂S in the Feixianguan Fm, this is an invalid approach since TSR occurred when the formation was buried some 1000–2000 m deeper than it is at present. The likelihood of differential uplift across the basin means that it is important to develop a basinal understanding of the thermal history of the Feixianguan Fm so that it is possible to determine which parts of the basin have been hotter than 130–140 °C.  相似文献   

Immediate profile and planform evolution of a beach nourishment project with hurricane influences   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nicole A. Elko  Ping Wang 《Coastal Engineering》2007

In this study, planform adjustment began during a period of calm weather immediately after nourishment and then the passage of one strong storm caused a substantial portion of the total profile equilibration. Weekly beach profiles, shoreline surveys, and nearshore wave measurements were conducted before, during, and immediately after construction of the 1100-m long Upham Beach nourishment project on the low-energy, west coast of Florida. This project was constructed in three segments: the wide north segment, the central segment, and the narrow south segment. With the exception of the relatively distant passage of Hurricane Charley, calm weather prevailed for 45 days following completion of the south and central segments. Construction of the wide north segment was completed on August 27, 2004. Substantial planform diffusion occurred prior to construction completion via formation of a 300-m long spit extending from the wide north segment. The shoreline orientation was changed abruptly due to this diffusion spit formation, as opposed to the gradual adjustment predicted by most long-term models. Planform adjustment was initiated prior to profile equilibration, and it did not require high-energy conditions. A simple vector sum model for determining the orientation of a potential diffusion spit was developed. This study recommends designing end transitions at the predicted diffusion spit orientation to avoid post-nourishment spit formation during future projects.  相似文献   

南海北部含油气构造上方化探异常研究     

陈汉宗  周蒂  王平 《热带海洋学报》1997,(3)

在南海北部利用地球化学方法作为油气勘探的一种辅助手段。在6个航次中采集了沉积物、底层海水及海面大气样品，测定了近50种化探指标，并采用稳健统计方法进行了数据处理和异常圈定。化探结果在油气藏上方发现了清晰的、具不同指标组合的综合化探异常，与邻近空构造形成鲜明的对照。圈闭顶部的块状异常和圈闭周绿的环状、半环状异常是下伏油气藏的良好指示，而剖面上呈锯齿状、平面上呈线状的异常则与断裂带有关。实践表明，建立已知油气藏上方的化探异常模式及解剖已知空构造上方的地球化学特征对于指导本区或邻区的化探异常评价是十分必要的。  相似文献   

渤海湾海水光谱特性的数值分析     

平仲良 《海洋科学集刊》1984,(22):329-334

自然界各种物体，都有表征其自然属性的光谱特性。地物的光谱特性是遥感图象定性判读的依据之一，它作为一种遥感信息也直接用于定量测定和制图。 海水中悬浮物质的数量和性质影响海水的颜色和海水的光谱特性。反之，根据海水的光谱特性可以测定水中悬浮物质的数量和性质。1974年， S. D. Duntley首先从海洋叶绿素的光谱效应，提出根据海水的光谱反射率曲线，用卫星传感器测定水中叶绿素a 浓度的理论。1978年， R. W. Johnson 建立了航空遥感的光谱数据与沿岸带海洋叶绿素a 浓度之间的数学关系，并绘制了叶绿素a的分布图。1979年， R. W. Johnson建立了光谱数据与悬浮泥沙含量之间的数学关系，并绘制了悬浮泥沙的定量分布图，等等。本文的目的即是要建立一种方法，用国产101W光谱辐射计记录的遥感数据，计算海域悬浮泥沙、叶绿素a 浓度、水色等水质参数。 1980年5月16日至19日，由中国科学院组织，有中国科学院海洋研究所、国家海洋局第一海洋研究所、第二海洋研究所、交通部天津水运科学研究所、水利部天津水利科学研究所等单位参加，在天津塘沽的海河和蓟运河口进行津、渤地区第一次环境污染航空遥感监测联合试验。在此次试验中用机载101W光谱辐射计记录海水的光谱辐射曲线，作者以此计算海水的光谱反射率曲线，用逐次回归分析法建立海洋实测数据(悬浮泥沙、叶绿素a浓度、水色等)与海水光谱反射率数据之间的数学关系。实验基本是成功的，由回归方程计算的结果与海洋实测数据之间的相关系数约为0.7。如果对研究海域的每一个子域的辐射值作光谱扫瞄，作出定量的分布图也是可行的。  相似文献   

潜水员水下用电安全技术规范的编制与认识     

张国光  陆莲芳 《海洋技术学报》1997,16(3):57-64

本文介绍了国家标准《潜水员水下用电安全技术规范》的研究、编制过程，以及编者对该标准性质、适用范围、总体结构、电气安全数值取舍等的基本认识，并就该标准制定实施后的经济、社会效益进行了初步预测。  相似文献   

Anomalous change of the Antarctic sea ice and global sea level change   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Xie Simei  Zou Bing  Wang Yi  Bao Chenglan 《海洋学报(英文版)》1996,15(2):193-208

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诊断台风异常路径的三层权重控制点方案     

谢玲娟  林丽珊 《海洋预报》1992,9(3):8-16

本方案采用850、700、500hPa三个层次的环境平均流场作控制点法。综合考虑这些层次上的引导气流在不同时、空域中的相对重要性。试验结果表明,其效果比单一取某层作引导为佳。且对用来预测台风的未来24小时路径是否异常具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献