The Carboniferous Rocks of the Swinden Anticline Yorkshire: with a Redefinition of the Boundary between Tournaisian and Viséan in England     

R.G.S. Hudson  H.V. Dunnington 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》1944,55(4):195-IN2

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The harrogate mineral waters     

R.G.S. Hudson 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》1938,49(3):349-352

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High-resolution seismic imaging of gas accumulations and seepage in the sediments of the Ria de Aveiro barrier lagoon (Portugal)     

Henrique Duarte  Luis Menezes Pinheiro  Francisco Curado Teixeira  José Hipólito Monteiro 《Geo-Marine Letters》2007,27(2-4):115-126

Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas and an important energy source. The global significance and impact in coastal zones of methane gas accumulation and seepage in sediments from coastal lagoon environments are still largely unknown. This paper presents results from four high-resolution seismic surveys carried out in the Ria de Aveiro barrier lagoon (Portugal) in 1999, 2002 and 2003. These comprise three chirp surveys (RIAV99, RIAV02, RIAV02A) and one boomer survey (RIAV03). Evidence of extensive gas accumulation and seepage in tidal channel sediments from the Ria de Aveiro barrier lagoon is presented here for the first time. This evidence includes: acoustic turbidity, enhanced reflections, acoustic blanking, domes, and acoustic plumes in the water column (flares). The stratigraphy and structural framework control the distribution and extent of gas accumulations and seepage in the study area. In these shallow systems, however, tidal altitude variations have a significant impact on gas detection using acoustic methods, by changing the raw amplitude of the enhanced seismic reflections, acoustic turbidity, and acoustic blanking in gas-prone areas. Direct evidence of gas escape from drill holes in the surrounding area has shown that the gas present in the Ria de Aveiro consists of biogenic methane. Most of the gas in the study area was probably generated mainly in Holocene lagoon sediments. Evidence of faults affecting the Mesozoic limestones and clays underlying some of the shallow gas occurrences, and the presence of high-amplitude reflections in these deeper units raise the possibility that some of this gas could have been generated in deeper sedimentary layers, and then migrated upward through the fractured Mesozoic strata.  相似文献   

Determination of reaeration‐rate coefficient by modified tracer gas technique     

Pétrick Anderson Soares  Guilherme Faht  Adilson Pinheiro  Marcos Rivail da Silva  Evelyn Zucco 《水文研究》2013,27(19):2710-2720

The modified tracer gas technique is used to determine the reaeration coefficient in six different water bodies of the Itajaí River basin, three with rural land use and three in urban areas. Propane was used as the tracer gas and Rhodamine WT as the conservative tracer, providing information on dilution, mixing and dispersion. Liquefied petroleum gas was used instead of high purity propane, aimed at reducing the costs associated with the field trials. Reaeration‐rate coefficients observed in the field ranged from 25.8 to 367.7 d^?1. Two data sets could be observed where smaller streams had substantially larger coefficients of between 133.1 and 367.7 d^?1, while the larger streams had values ??ranging from 25.8 to 54.5 d^?1. Five empirical equations were evaluated by comparing the values ??obtained in the field. The equations proposed by Tsivolgou and Wallace and Tsivoglou and Neal showed greater adherence to the values ??determined in the tests. Reaeration‐rate coefficients obtained in the field were correlated with the hydrodynamic characteristics of the watercourses, thus establishing a mathematical function through which to obtain estimates for future evaluations. The R² value obtained using this equation was 0.959, indicating a high correlation between the calculated values ??and those estimated in the field. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Soft X-Ray Pulsations in Solar Flares     

P. J. A. Simões  H. S. Hudson  L. Fletcher 《Solar physics》2015,290(12):3625-3639

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Asteroseismology and the degeneracy of model solutions for subgiant stars     

F. J. G. Pinheiro  J. M. Fernandes 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2010,328(1-2):73-78

Stellar evolutionary models are essential for the determination of stellar masses and ages. Several parameters can be used to characterize the structure of subgiant stars. Amongst others we can find: the helium and metal abundances, mixing length and core overshooting. In many cases, these parameters are scaled taking into account the solar values. Yet, the universality of such scalings has been put to question. As shown here, by allowing some freedom to these parameters we end up with a degeneracy of model solutions. This puts serious limitations on the determination of mass and age. Asteroseismology may provide a valuable help to break such a degeneracy. This is illustrated with an application to the subgiant star μ Her.  相似文献   

Efforts to reduce sea turtle bycatch in the shrimp fishery in Northeastern Brazil through a co-management process     

Augusto César Coelho Dias da Silva  Jaqueline Comin de Castilhos  Erik Allan Pinheiro dos Santos  Luciana Sonnewend Brondízio  Leandro Bugoni 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2010,53(9):570-576

The neritic waters of the state of Sergipe in Northeastern Brazil is adjacent to the main nesting area of the olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) in the Western Atlantic Ocean and an important area for shrimp trawl fishery. To address the problem of incidental mortality of sea turtles captured during trawling and reduce the risk of overexploitation of shrimp stocks, Projeto TAMAR/ICMBio, a Brazilian sea turtle conservation program, has adopted two main strategies: (1) the implementation of a marine monitoring program and (2) active participation in local forums. This paper describes the conflicts among stakeholders, the arrangements and established mechanisms of negotiation aimed to protect sea turtles and shrimp grounds, and strategies to reduce conflicts between user groups. The analysis of this co-management process highlights the importance of stakeholder participation in resource management decision-making through a cooperative process, the role assumed by non-governmental organizations as mediators, and the factors that influence this system. The key factors and actions learnt from the current study include clear identification of the conflicts, identification of stakeholders – both local and external, and local leaders, encouragement of actors and leaders to participate, support and strengthening of local groups, legitimization of the discussion forums through involvement with government, formalization of decisions taken through legislation, and monitoring of the management efficacy.  相似文献   

TRACE and Yohkoh Observations of High-Temperature Plasma in a Two-Ribbon Limb Flare     

Warren HP  Bookbinder JA  Forbes TG  Golub L  Hudson HS  Reeves K  Warshall A 《The Astrophysical journal》1999,527(2):L121-L124

The ability of the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) to image solar plasma over a wide range of temperatures (Te approximately 104-107 K) at high spatial resolution (0&farcs;5 pixels) makes it a unique instrument for observing solar flares. We present TRACE and Yohkoh observations of an M2.4 two-ribbon flare that began on 1999 July 25 at about 13:08 UT. We observe impulsive footpoint brightenings that are followed by the formation of high-temperature plasma (Te greater, similar10 MK) in the corona. After an interval of about 1300 s, cooler loops (Te<2 MK) form below the hot plasma. Thus, the evolution of the event supports the qualitative aspects of the standard reconnection model of solar flares. The TRACE and Yohkoh data show that the bulk of the flare emission is at or below 10 MK. The TRACE data are also consistent with the Yohkoh observations of hotter plasma (Te approximately 15-20 MK) existing at the top of the arcade. The cooling time inferred from these observations is consistent with a hybrid cooling time based on thermal conduction and radiative cooling.  相似文献   

Optimizing the control of rock failure in servo-controlled laboratory tests   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

J. A. Hudson  E. T. Brown  C. Fairhurst 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》1971,3(4):217-224

SummaryOptimizing the Control of Rock Failure in Servo-Controlled Laboratory Tests Recent studies of rock failure have been made with a closed loop servo-controlled testing machine. Feedback from the failing specimen is electronically compared with a pre-determined program and the hydraulic system is continuously and automatically adjusted to ensure that feedback and program are coincident. It is suggested that optimum control of rock failure in any laboratory test is achieved when the closed loop feedback represents the most sensitive indicator of failure. Any required experimental output can then be independently monitored. This method was applied to a variety of rock specimens loaded in uniaxial compression using lateral displacement as feedback. It was possible to control the failure of some rocks which had failed explosively in previous tests where the axial displacement had been programmed to increase monotonically.

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ZusammenfassungOptimale Aufzeichnung des Bruchablaufes von Gestein in servo-gesteuerten Laborversuchen Studien zum Bruch von Gesteinsproben wurden kürzlich mit einem elektronisch geregelten Belastungssystem vorgenommen. Bei diesem System werden Meßdaten der über die maximale Bruchverformung hinaus deformierten Probe mit einem vorgegebenen Verformungs-Programm elektronisch verglichen und das hydraulische Belastungs-System wird dementsprechend kontinuierlich geregelt.Ein optimaler Ablauf des Bruchvorganges wird gewährleistet, wenn das Regelsystem durch möglichst feinstufige Meßdaten der Bruchverformung gesteuert wird. Jede gewünschte zusätzliche physikalische Größe kann dann unabhängig davon gemessen werden.Die Meßmethode wurde bei einachsigen Belastungsversuchen von verschiedenen Gesteinsproben angewendet, wobei zur Steuerung des Regelsystems die gemessene Verformung normal zur Belastungsrichtung gewählt wurde. Dabei war es möglich, auch den Bruch solcher Gesteinsproben zu beherrschen, welche bei früheren Versuchen, bei denen der Vorgang aufgrund der Verformung in Belastungsrichtung mit stetigem Verlauf programmiert wurde, explosionsartig geborsten waren.

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RésuméPour un meilleur contrôle de la rupture des roches dans les essais de laboratoire sur machines asservies Des études récentes sur la rupture des roches ont fait usage de machines d'essai asservies.La réponse de l'éprouvette en cours de rupture est comparée électroniquement à un programme fixé à l'avance, et le système hydraulique est ajusté continuellement et automatiquement pour faire coïncider la réponse avec le programme.On suggère que le meilleur contrôle sera obtenu, quel que soit l'essai, si le signal utilisé représente l'indicateur le plus sensible de la progression de la rupture. Toute autre grandeur physique qui est jugée nécessaire peut alors être enregistrée indépendamment.Cette méthode a été appliquée à la compression monoaxiale de diverses roches, en employant comme signal la déformation transversale. On a pu ainsi régulariser la rupture de certaines roches, qui était explosive dans des essais antérieurs où la déformation axiale augmentait suivant un programme monotone.(Dans cet article, la rupture est un processus, comportant notamment la naissance et le développement de fissures, qui ne peut être observé, avec les machines d'essai classiques, à cause de l'explosion due à une libération brutale de l'énergie de déformation emmaganisée dans la presse. Le contrôle de la rupture, au sens anglais, correspond à une régularisation de ce processus. Note de la Rédaction.)

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With 5 Figures  相似文献   

Climatic soil moisture deficit - climate and soil data integration in a GIS   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. B. Matthews  A. MacDonald  R. J. Aspinall  G. Hudson  A. N. R. Law  E. Paterson 《Climatic change》1994,28(3):273-287

This paper discusses a GIS based implementation of a model for soil droughtiness assessment evaluating the impact of possible climate change. It focuses, in particular, on the development of a methodology for mapping Available Water Capacity. An assessment of the Soil Drought Susceptibility for Scotland in the year 2030 is made and illustrated with maps and derived statistics.  相似文献