Pumping decisions for sustainable development of groundwater resources in areas of grassland degradation: a case study in Lanqi Banner, Inner Mongolia, China     

Bagen Chaolun  Bin He  Ruizhong Gao  Liang Wang 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(6):1101-1111

The best planting alternatives for satisfying high water use demands of forage and fodder crops in a region of Inner Mongolia, China, were determined by a multiobjective distributed-parameter groundwater management model. These alternatives took account of different cropping patterns and pumping decisions associated with both temporal and spatial aspects of water allocation. The model was developed for phreatic, homogenous, and isotropic aquifers using the response matrix technique of quadratic programming theory and, in this case, using the alternative direction implicit (ADI) scheme. Model solutions using effective rainfall with a probability of 50%, show that average water table drawdown in the planning period (2006–2017) is 0.22 m and the groundwater fluctuation in each pumping well is very low. In order to evaluate the pumping decisions under an effective rainfall with a probability of 75%, a sensitive analysis was also conducted. Analysis shows that it is useful to apply the results from the proposed model to control the landscape degradation due to overgrazing and overpumping activities.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地二叠系山西组及下石盒子组盒8段南北物源沉积汇水区与古地理   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

肖建新  孙粉锦  何乃祥  刘锐娥  李靖  肖红平  张春林 《古地理学报》2008,10(4)

在对鄂尔多斯盆地目的层段总体资料了解的基础上,对盆地南部4个露头剖面、18口井岩心的砂岩进行了切片分析,根据长石含量变化和其他岩矿特征、测井曲线与岩石组合特征、连井剖面以及露头沉积相分析,明确了山西组-下石盒子组盒8段沉积物在盆地南部的汇水区位置。“汇水区”指搬运南北物源沉积物的流水汇聚区,它大体上是南北物源沉积物分布的分界区、大致呈东西向分布。汇水区南北的长石含量存在明显差异。提出了在汇水区局部又存在南北物源沉积“交互区”的认识,“交互区”指南北物源沉积物抵达汇水区并在局部地段发生交互的地区,它是南北物源沉积物的连通区。交互区位于汇水区并分隔汇水区。在盒8段交互区发现了还原条件下形成的早期成岩矿物——菱铁矿结核。盆地南部山西期一盒8沉积期的沉积古地理受南部和北部物源沉积物的双重影响,连井剖面显示汇水区南北沉积相带具有对称分布的特征,其沉积单元和相带包括：（1）汇水区,含3个交互区;（2）汇水区南缘三角洲相带,含来自南部物源的3个三角洲;（3）汇水区北缘三角洲相带。含来自北部物源的4～5个三角洲;（4）与南、北三角洲相带过渡的河流相带。在上述认识的基础上,绘制了研究区目的层段沉积模式图。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田马五_(1+2)气藏储集单元研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

代金友  何顺利 《海相油气地质》2008,13(3)

综合地震、地质、测井等信息,考虑沉积、成岩、地貌、生产动态等多因素,在沟槽识别和致密带研究基础上,通过井间干扰、油层压力变化和试井边界响应分析,按照局部、就近原则对靖边气田马五1+2气藏进行了储集单元划分。共划分出111个储集单元,其中独立型69个,复合型42个。这些储集单元的面积多介于10～50km2之间,单个储集单元的井数一般少于6口。在对气藏储层特征综合认识的基础上,确定流动单元划分思路与流程,并认为关键环节包括古沟槽识别、致密带研究、动静结合确定储集单元等3个方面。储集单元一方面受控于被致密岩相包围的有利成岩相带,宏观上与弱—中等充填泥粉晶白云岩相对应性好;另一方面又受各级古沟槽夹持,在两个一级古沟槽之间往往共生多个储集单元,而这些储集单元边界又严格地受二级或三级沟槽切割控制。  相似文献   

氧化锰矿物的生物成因及其性质的研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

刘凡  冯雄汉  陈秀华  邱国红  谭文峰  贺纪正 《地学前缘》2008,15(6):66

土壤中的氧化锰矿物是原生矿物风化和成土过程的产物,是最具反应活性的一类矿物,决定着环境中许多物质的形态、迁移和转化,在元素生物地球化学循环中起着重要的作用,其形成机制和环境效应备受关注。已有的研究表明,环境中氧化锰的形成与微生物作用紧密相关,微生物作用可使自然环境中的Mn(Ⅱ)氧化速率提高105倍。参与Mn(Ⅱ)氧化的微生物在环境中广泛存在,已知的典型锰氧化细菌分布在变形菌门、放线菌门或厚壁菌门,它们均通过胞外聚合物中的多铜氧化酶来催化氧化Mn(Ⅱ)。细菌氧化Mn(II)成Mn(Ⅳ)是酶催化的两个连续的快速单电子传递过程,Mn(Ⅲ)在溶液中以与酶结合的瞬时中间态出现。生物形成氧化锰的最初形态为层状锰矿物,与δ-MnO2或酸性水钠锰矿很类似,且结晶弱,粒径小,锰氧化度高,结构中的八面体空穴多,因而比化学形成的氧化锰具有更强的吸附、氧化等表面活性。环境中Mn(Ⅱ)微生物氧化及形成的Mn(Ⅲ)中间体与碳、氮、硫等生命元素的地球化学循环的关系令人关注。  相似文献   

上海市长江口及邻近海域地质调查现状及展望   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

谢建磊  王寒梅  何中发  李晓  黎兵 《上海国土资源》2008,(4)

海洋区域地质调查近年来逐渐得到重视,海洋地质调查技术的发展也为开展海洋区域地质调查奠定了基础。上海地区社会经济发展对地质工作的需求,为摸清上海市长江口及邻近海域的地质现状提出了必然要求。本文在系统整理长江口及邻近海域地质资料的基础上,重点分析了区内存在的重点地质问题和研究存在的问题,根据海洋地质调查的技术发展,结合国内相关地区的调查经验,对长江口及邻近海域内区域地质调查进行了展望,提出了采用综合物探技术、地质取样和测试分析进行综合地质环境调查的建议,并对具体采用的调查技术和调查内容进行了论述。  相似文献   

Using Sequential Self-Calibration Method to Identify Conductivity Distribution: Conditioning on Tracer Test data     

Bill X. Hu  Changming He 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(8):845-859

An iterative inverse method, the sequential self-calibration method, is developed for mapping spatial distribution of a hydraulic conductivity field by conditioning on nonreactive tracer breakthrough curves. A streamline-based, semi-analytical simulator is adopted to simulate solute transport in a heterogeneous aquifer. The simulation is used as the forward modeling step. In this study, the hydraulic conductivity is assumed to be a deterministic or random variable. Within the framework of the streamline-based simulator, the efficient semi-analytical method is used to calculate sensitivity coefficients of the solute concentration with respect to the hydraulic conductivity variation. The calculated sensitivities account for spatial correlations between the solute concentration and parameters. The performance of the inverse method is assessed by two synthetic tracer tests conducted in an aquifer with a distinct spatial pattern of heterogeneity. The study results indicate that the developed iterative inverse method is able to identify and reproduce the large-scale heterogeneity pattern of the aquifer given appropriate observation wells in these synthetic cases.  相似文献   

Spatial orientation of the spin vectors of the disk galaxies in the Virgo cluster I. A catalogue of the disk galaxies in the Virgo cluster     

Q. R. Yuan  F. X. Hu  H. J. Su  G. X. Wu  X. T. He 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1996,239(1):71-88

Based on four UK Schmidt Telescope (UKST) IIIa-j direct plates which had been digitized by the Automated Plate Measuring System (APM), a detailed identification of the disk galaxies in the Virgo cluster has been carried out. The certain and possible member galaxies are mainly selected from the updated Catalogue of 2096 Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster Area (VCC). The area of this identification covers a 85 square degree region centered on this cluster. As a result, we compiled a new catalogue of 340 certain and possible member disk galaxies, including 85 lenticulars (SO), 136 spirals (S) and 119 irregulars (Irr), where the APM-measured values of the position angle (P.A.) and diameters of 299 disk galaxies are provided. For at least 149 galaxies, the values of the P.A. and diameters are published for the first time.Comparison between the APM-measured P.A. and diameters of galaxies and those given by the Uppsala General Catalog of Galaxies (UGC) demonstrates the reliability of our data. The statistical properties and completeness of this database are also discussed. Compared with the UGC-given P.A. and diameters which were determined by eyes, our data has no selection effect owing to the instrument measurements. Within our searching region, this might be the largest and relatively complete photometric database published so far for investigating the spatial orientation of the spin vectors of galaxies in the Virgo cluster.  相似文献   

有限不等厚介质中主层褶皱的模拟实验及理论研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

叶柏龙  何绍勋 《地球科学》1993,18(2):159-167

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POPULATION EXPANSION IN CHINA''''S METROPOLISES AND ITS SCALE-CONTROL     

何兴刚 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1993,(3)

Metropolises are centers of politics, economy, culture and information, and also economic growth poles in comparatively large areas. After 1949, China's urban structure have changed greatly, from original "pyramid" shape into "upside -down pyramid" shape, that is, more megalopolises and metropolises, fewer medium-sized and small cities. The most distinguishing feature of urban population growth was the remarkable increase of population in megalopolises and metropolises. The key reason for urban population expansion is to want to obtain the benefits of scale -agglomeration economy of metropolises. The number of urban functions directly determines the quality and quantity of urban population. Metropolises appeal not only agricultural population but also the population of medium-sized and small cities, which put much more population pressure on metropolises. The ideal goals of scale-control of metropolitan population are discussed in terms of economy, society and ecollogy. In order to control the metropoli  相似文献   

Objective prism survey of qsos in the field centered at 10h40m + 00°00′     

Ran He  Jian-Sheng Chen 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1993,200(2):279-311

QSO objective prism survey was done for the field centered at 10^h40^m + 00°00. For the 348 objects selected, we present in this paper their positions,B _J magnitudes, spectra, and finding charts. Based on the sample containing 163 QSO candidates with higher reliabilities (F 3), the surface density of QSO candidates withB _J 20 is estimated to be about 4.5 per square degree.Work based on UKST plates.  相似文献