葛利普：一个世纪的回望——谨以此文纪念中国地质学会成立100周年及其创建者之一葛利普教授     

张进  曲军峰 《地质学报》2022,96(1):4-24

葛利普（Amadeus William Grabau），美国地质学家，著名的地层学、古生物学家，其最后的26年在中国度过，是近代以来我国从事地质研究和教育的著名地质学家。他是中国近现代地质学的主要奠基者之一，也是中国最早的科学协会—中国地质学会的早期创始人之一，为中国近现代地质事业作出卓越贡献。在华期间，葛利普先生先后出版大量论文、专著，内容不仅涉及中国的区域地质，也建立起全球构造理论。基于归纳总结北美、欧洲以及亚洲的资料，20世纪30年代早期他提出“脉动理论”，确立了全球海平面升降的规律，并建立起基于海进、海退规律为基础的古生代构造-地层划分方案，成为现今层序地层学的基础；基于大陆漂移假说，分析演绎并建立“极控理论”，强调地壳的大规模水平运动，强调地槽的形成与水平构造运动有关，形成了原始的俯冲与海底扩张思想的萌芽。脉动理论和极控理论分别论述了地球表层的垂直运动和水平运动，两个理论互为补充，通过构造事件相联系，形成统一的葛利普的整体地球观。葛利普先生也是大陆漂移的热情支持者和推广者，为板块构造理论的出现发挥了重要作用，他灵活的归纳和演绎贯穿其科学生涯的始终。他身残志坚，身处绝境而仍笔耕不辍；他生命不息、奋斗不止的精神值得我们永远学习、敬仰和传承。  相似文献   

苏打盐渍土壤微咸水淋洗改良技术研究   总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12  

李取生  王志春  李秀军 《地理科学》2002,22(3):342-348

研究了土壤粘土特性与土壤碱化的关系和淋洗水的矿化度对土壤渗透性的影响,提出了微咸水改良苏打盐渍土的技术思路。探讨了淋洗用微咸水的水质标准、作物耐盐碱标准、作物需水量及灌溉淋洗定额等参数及其确定方法,通过田间试验,证明了该技术对苏打盐渍土具有明显的改良效果。  相似文献   

秦岭大别造山带地壳化学结构研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

侯广顺  韩吟文  曲军锋 《地球化学》2003,32(3):230-238

大陆地壳不同结构层之间化学组成(含元素和同位素组成)的系统性差异可以称为地壳化学结构，地球化学参考模型(GERM)能够作为参照标准进行地壳化学结构(元素组成)的对比分析，据此提出了反映地壳演化特征的蛛网图标准化方法。对秦岭—大别造山带的尝试发现，造山带总体上具有物质组成分异较弱的特点；造山带及邻区太古亩结晶基底太华群、崆岭群的化学组成都不能代表全部的下地壳，可能仅代表了下地壳上部，而大别群可能经历了复杂的构造熟化过程。通过对造山带地壳化学结构的分析，指出铕负异常可能并非为地壳拆沉作用所造成。  相似文献   

旱地果园生物覆盖试验分析          下载免费PDF全文

窦志平  屈卫东 《山西气象》2003,(2):25-25,40

吉县位于吕梁山区,常年平均降雨量561.0mm,特是近年来连年干旱少雨,年降雨量仅为400mm右。干旱已成为制约果树生产的主要气象灾害之。为了解决干旱地区果园缺水,有机质含量低,产低,质量差的矛盾,我们于1997年至2000年在气局果园进行了生物覆盖对比试验。试验数据证,果园生物覆盖较传统的果园管理制度表现出了多优越性,较大地提高了苹果的产量与质量。试验果园基本情况试验果园位于吉县吉昌镇桥南村,海拔953m,积1.3hm2,品种长富—2号红富士,树龄4a至a,管理水平中等。试验方法选择30株(3行)红富士苹果树进行覆盖。覆盖时间:每年秋季作物收获后…  相似文献   

Re-Os Dating of Sulfides from the Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposit at Gacun, Southwestern China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zengqian Hou  Shuxian Wang  ao Du  Xiaoming Qu  Weidong Sun 《Resource Geology》2003,53(4):305-310

Abstract. The Re-Os isotopic compositions of sulfide ores were analyzed for the Gacun, a volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit in southwestern China, to constrain the timing of mineralization. Sulfide ores from the deposit have a wide range of Re and Os concentrations, varying from 80.2 to 1543.2 ppb and from 0.307 to 8.83 ppb, respectively, and yielded a limited field of high ¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁸Os and high ¹⁸⁷Os/188Os ratios, ranging from 1452 to 3309 and from 5.77 to 13.24, respectively. All sulfide samples yielded an isochron with an age of 217±28 Ma and an initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratio of around 0.52±0.73. The Re-Os isochron age agrees with ages previously constrained by the other isotopic dating of the host rocks and fossil strata for the deposit. The rhythmic variation in ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os and ¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁸Os ratios within massive sulfide zone records a complicated process for ore-forming fluids episodically vented into the brine pool on the Mesozoic seafloor.  相似文献   

Formation of the complex linear dunes in the central Taklimakan Sand Sea,China     

Xunming Wang  Zhibao Dong  Jiawu Zhang  Jianjun Qu 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(6):677-686

The formation of the complex linear dunes in the central Taklimakan Sand Sea is discussed based on analyses of wind regimes, sand grain size distributions on the topography of the dunes, and a combination of geomorphic and geophysical investigations into the morphology of the dunes. Complex linear dune formation is shown to have ?ve stages. Analysis clearly shows that under the control of wind regime, sand supply and other factors, the simple linear dunes move sideways while they evolve. This is the main cause for the formation of complex linear dunes in the central Taklimakan Sand Sea. We have not collected enough evidence to show whether the complexity of the complex linear dunes is left over from previous wind regimes or whether the previous wind regimes had different dominant wind directions compared to those of modern winds. The evolutionary processes of complex linear dunes in the region partly support the theory of ‘barchan evolution’ but do not support the ‘roll‐vortex’ and ‘bimodal wind regime’ hypotheses. After the complex linear dunes were developed, the local wind regime and the other controls such as sand supply suggest it is possible for them to maintain their linear shape. The evolutionary process discussed is limited to the region indicated in this paper, and may not be applicable to the whole Taklimakan Sand Sea. There are different evolutionary processes in different dune?elds because of variations in the factors that control complex linear dune formation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Helium and Argon Isotopic Composition of Cenozoic Alkali Basalts and Mantle-Derived Xenoliths from Kuandian, Liaoning Province, China     

吴茂炳  王先彬  叶先仁  刘春燕 《中国地球化学学报》2004,23(2):141-147

The noble gas isotopic composition and content data of 2 alkali basalts, 3 Iherzolite xenoliths and one clinopyroxene megacryst from the Kuandian region have confirmed the occurrence of a fractionation of noble gases during magmatism. Light noble gases such as He and Ne are high in mobility and appear to be incompatible as compared with heavy ones ( such as Kr and Xe). Therefore, light noble gases are abundant in volcanics, especially in the volcanics with bubbles; lherzolite xenoliths have relatively high heavy noble gases. The clinopyroxene megacryst has the lowest abundance of noble gases, probably due to its high P-T origin. Noble gas isotopic composition of the clinopyroxene megacryst reveals that the mantle source beneath the Kuandian area has an MORB-like reservoir with^3 He/^4He ratio of—10 Ra(Ra: atmospheric^3 He/^4He ratio) and^40 Ar/^36 Ar ratio of 345.6. The Iherzolite xenoliths possess moderate^3 He/^4He ratios of 2.59 -4.53 Ra, reflecting the loss of primary helium during rock deformation or metasomatism caused by enriched mantle fluids during the up-lifting. The alkali volcanics have very low^3 He/^4 He ratios(0.47—0.61 Ra),indicating a contribution of radiogenic^4 He, probably having resulted from crust contamination. Most of the samples have excess^21 Ne and^22 Ne as compared with atmospheric neon, but Kr and Xe isotopic compositions are indistinguishable from atmospheric values within uncertainties with only individual samples having excess^129Xe,^134Xeand^136 Xe.  相似文献   

北京市地震局GPS形变监测工作系统的建设     

屈利军  徐平  吴培稚  尹继尧 《地震地磁观测与研究》2005,26(2):61-67

GPS技术在监测地震与地壳运动中已经得到应用，北京市地震局在北京市2002年启动建设的全球卫星定位综合应用服务系统基础上，于2003年开始GPS形变监测工作系统的建设，这是一个小区域连续的高密度GPS形变监测工作系统，获取高精度的北京市GPS基准站地心三维坐标，为地震监测和地壳运动的科学研究提供良好的GPS数据素材。  相似文献   

遥感在1:25万区域地质编(填)图工作中的应用效果和作用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

赵福岳  方洪宾  张瑞江 《国土资源遥感》1997,8(3):15-18,33

本文根据承德幅1∶25万区域地质编(填)图工作中的遥感应用试验研究成果,对遥感在提高1∶25万区域地质编(填)图工作速度、成图质量以及地质研究程度等几方面的作用进行了论述。  相似文献   

试论盐系中泥砾岩成因   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曲懿华 《化工矿产地质》1997,19(3):162-166

盐系中伴生泥砾岩的形成主要与成盐期中、期后强烈的构造活动和风化作用有关。伴随着火山活动和热流体渗入的地震活动引起厚盐层及其间碎屑岩层发生扰动、断裂、破碎塑流等形变，导致塑性岩盐胶结的泥砾岩层的形成。兰坪 思茅盆地盐系中普遍发育有泥砾岩，可具一定代表性。我国一些具有泥砾岩成因的盐盆地，按泥砾与胶结物盐类矿物的形成时间可分为３类：（１）同沉积泥砾岩（地震成因为主，还包括少量风浪冲刷的湖岸沉积物）；（２）后期盐体塑流泥砾岩；（３）含盐地层风化泥砾岩淋滤。  相似文献