The 2015 eruption of Gamalama volcano (Ternate Island–Indonesia): precursor,crisis management,and community response     

Hidayat  Agung  Marfai  Muh Aris  Hadmoko  Danang Sri 《GeoJournal》2022,87(1):1-20

GeoJournal - Gamalama is an active stratovolcano on Ternate, a small volcanic island in Maluku Utara, Indonesia. Since 1510, a total of 77 eruptions have been recorded, with various impacts on the...  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal meteorological drought assessment: a case study in south-east Australia     

Yildirim  Gokhan  Rahman  Ataur 《Natural Hazards》2022,111(1):305-332

Natural Hazards - An understanding on different aspects of droughts is crucial for effective water resources management. Australia has experienced notable droughts in recent years. The present...  相似文献   

Homogeneity and trend analysis of rainfall and droughts over Southeast Australia     

Yildirim  Gokhan  Rahman  Ataur 《Natural Hazards》2022,112(2):1657-1683

Natural Hazards - This study investigates rainfall and drought characteristics in southeastern Australia (New South Wales and Victoria) using data from 45 rainfall stations. Four homogeneity tests...  相似文献   

Geological and soil engineering properties of shallow landslides occurring in the Kutupalong Rohingya Camp in Cox’s Bazar,Bangladesh     

Kamal  A. S. M. Maksud  Hossain  Farhad  Rahman  Md. Zillur  Ahmed  Bayes  Sammonds  Peter 《Landslides》2022,19(2):465-478

Landslides - The Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN), historically known as ‘Rohingya’ who fled the 2017 ethnic atrocities and genocide in the Northern Rakhine State of Myanmar,...  相似文献   

New insights into the occurrence of the catastrophic Zhaiban slope debris flow that occurred in a dry valley in the Hengduan Mountains in southwest China     

Tian  Shufeng  Chen  Ningsheng  Rahman  Mahfuzur  Hu  Guisheng  Peng  Taixin  Zhang  Yong  Liu  Mei 《Landslides》2022,19(3):647-657

Landslides - In 2019, the catastrophic Zhaiban slope debris flow (ZSDF) crushed an open road tunnel in Ganluo County, Sichuan Province, China, causing seven deaths and interrupting traffic flow for...  相似文献   

Modelling undrained behaviour of sand with fines and fabric anisotropy     

Rahman  Md Mizanur  Dafalias  Yannis F. 《Acta Geotechnica》2022,17(6):2305-2324

Acta Geotechnica - Fabric anisotropy and fines content (fc) in sands modify significantly their mechanical behaviour, particularly as related to static liquefaction under undrained conditions. The...  相似文献   

Re‐examining green revolution diffusion and factor/input markets in Bangladesh after market liberalization     

Sanzidur Rahman  Ismat Ara Begum  Mohammad Jahangir Alam 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2012,33(2):241-254

This paper re‐examines the effect of green revolution (GR) diffusion on factor/inputs demand in Bangladesh using an empirical model that allows for simultaneous determination of factors influencing adoption of GR technology at the current mature stage, as well as access to irrigation. Results reveal some alignments with conventional wisdom as well as few surprises. For example, while an increased demand for major inputs is expected, an increased demand for organic manure is an unexpected positive outcome. The GR adoption rate is significantly higher in villages with access to irrigation and fertile soils and, surprisingly, in infrastructurally underdeveloped villages. Together with other expected findings of GR technology uptake with higher cereal prices and irrigation use encouraged by access to credit, tenurial status and fertile soils, our findings suggest that investment in irrigation and soil conservation, as well as implementing measures to improve cereal prices and provide agricultural credit, could boost GR technology adoption.  相似文献   

Comparison of NCEP turbulent heat fluxes with in situ observations over the south-eastern Arabian Sea     

D. Swain  S. H. Rahman  M. Ravichandran 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2009,104(3-4):163-175

Turbulent surface heat fluxes (latent and sensible heat) are the two most important parameters through which air–sea interaction takes place at the ocean–atmosphere interface. These fluxes over the global ocean are required to drive ocean models and to validate coupled ocean–atmosphere global models. But because of inadequate in situ observations these are the least understood parameters over the tropical Indian Ocean. Surface heat fluxes also contribute to the oceanic heat budget and control the sea surface temperature in conjunction with upper ocean stratification and ocean currents. The most widely used flux products in diagnostic studies and forcing of ocean general circulation models are the ones provided by the National Centres for Environment Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis. In this study we have compared NCEP reanalysed marine meteorological parameters, which are used for turbulent heat fluxes, with the moored buoy observation in the south-eastern Arabian Sea. The NCEP latent heat flux (LHF) and sensible heat flux (SHF) derived from bulk aerodynamic formula are also compared with that of ship and buoy derived LHF and SHF. The analysis is being carried out during the pre-monsoon and monsoon season of 2005. The analysis shows that NCEP latent as well as sensible heat fluxes are largely underestimated during the monsoon season, however, it is reasonably comparable during the pre-monsoon period. This is largely due to the underestimation of NCEP reanalysis air temperature (AT), wind speed (WS) and relative humidity (RH) compared to buoy observations. The mean differences between buoy and NCEP parameters during the monsoon (pre-monsoon) period are ~21% (~14%) for WS, ~6% (~3%) for RH, and ~0.75% (0.9%) for AT, respectively. The sudden drop in AT during rain events could not be captured by the NCEP data and, hence, large underestimations in SHF. During the pre-monsoon period, major contribution to LHF variations comes from WS, however, both surface winds and relative humidity controls the LHF variations during the monsoon. LHF is mainly determined by WS and RH during the monsoon and, WS is the main contributor during the pre-monsoon.  相似文献   

Arsenic contamination of ground and pond water and water purification system using pond water in Bangladesh   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H. Yokota  K. Tanabe  M. Sezaki  Y. Akiyoshi  T. Miyata  K. Kawahara  S. Tsushima  H. Hironaka  H. Takafuji  M. Rahman  Sk. A. Ahmad  M. H. S. U. Sayed  M. H. Faruquee 《Engineering Geology》2001,60(1-4):323-331

This paper, firstly, shows the distribution of arsenic-contaminated groundwater in Samta village. This village, which is in Jessore district in Bangladesh, was chosen as a model village for investigating the mechanism of groundwater contamination. 90% of the tube wells in this village had arsenic concentrations above the Bangladesh standard of 0.05 mg/l. Tube wells with arsenic concentrations of over 0.50 mg/l were distributed in the southern part of the village with a belt-like shape from east to west. Secondly, groundwater distribution is discussed with respect to its flow and the high arsenic zone (As≥0.50 mg/l) agrees well with the drifting zone of the groundwater. Furthermore, arsenic-free water supply systems suitable for a small area in the village have been developed. A pond sand filter (PSF) system which purifies pond water is discussed in this paper. Prior to the construction of the PSF, the water quality in ponds was examined for arsenic levels. The inflow of drainage from the tube wells was found to be the major cause of arsenic contamination of pond water. The PSF installed in Samta is working very well and produces a good quality of treated water.  相似文献   

Interpretation of mullite HREM images along [010] and [100]     

C. Paulmann  S. H. Rahman  S. Strothenk 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1994,21(8):546-554

200 kV and 300 kV HREM images of mullite with beam direction parallel to [010] and [100] have been compared with extensive multi-slice calculations of structure models with different oxygen vacancy arrangements. The simulations reveal that changes of the contrast pattern in HREM images are correlated with enhanced vacancy concentrations and coupled cation shifts (Al^*). Furthermore, the direct relationship between contrast variation and projected vacancy concentration permits the detection of 20% oxygen vacancies along [010] and [100]. An analysis of HREM images indicates preferred orientations of vacancies parallel to 〈102〉 in the (010) plane, whereas the (010) plane yields arrangements parallel to 〈012〉 and 〈001〉, resulting in an average direction of 〈013〉. Distances of 1.5a and 1.5b between these arrangements result from preferred inter-vacancy correlation vectors of 1/2 〈310〉 and 1/2 〈130〉 in the (001) plane. The investigated 2:1 and 3:2-mullites (x = 0.40 and x = 0.25) do not show long-range ordered arrangements of oxygen vacancies, but reveal the composition-dependent formation of short-range order regions of enhanced vacancy concentrations. These regions are distributed in a matrix with a minor degree of order.  相似文献