Composition of gold grains in the Vaal Placer,Klerksdorp, South Africa     

A. M. Reid  A. P. le Roex  W. E. L. Minter 《Mineralium Deposita》1988,23(3):211-217

Separated gold grains from 94 samples of the Vaal Placer, Klerksdorp gold field, South Africa have been analyzed for Au, Ag and Hg. Average gold grain compositions in these samples range from 80 to 95 weight percent Au, 4 to 18 weight percent Ag and 0.5 to 4 weight percent Hg with an average composition around Au 90, Au 8, Hg 2. Individual grains are homogeneous but significant differences exist between gold grains from single small samples and also between average compositions in separate samples. The data do not fit any simple model of gold compositional control by provenance or by metamorphic homogenization.  相似文献   

Hydraulic processes on alluvial fans,R. H. French,Developments in Water Science 31, Elsevier Science Publishers,Amsterdam, 1987. No. of Pages: 244. ISBN 0–444–42781–3     

Ian Reid 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1988,13(7):664-664

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Stratigraphy,geochemistry, and thermoluminescence ages of lower Mississippi Valley loess     

K. Pye  R. Johnson 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1988,13(2):103-124

Four periods of loess deposition in the Lower Mississippi Valley can be identified on the basis of geochemical and mineralogical criteria, radiocarbon dating, and thermoluminescence dating. These are designated Loess Units 1,2,3, and 4 in order of increasing age. Carbonate-rich Unit 1 loess comprises more than 70 per cent of the thickness of the loess profiles. ¹⁴C and TL dates indicate this loess was deposited between 9 000 and 20 000 years ago. A maximum sedimentation rate of 2.17 mm yr^?1 has been recorded near Vicksburg just after the last Laurentide glacial maximum, between 17 190 and 15 580 years ago. The Unit 2 loess, which is thin and partly decalcified, was deposited slowly between about 25 000 and 20 000 years ago. The Unit 3 and Unit 4 loess formations, which are both highly weathered, have yielded TL ages of 76 000–85 000 years and 119 000- > 132 000 years, suggesting they were deposited during the Altonian Substage of the early Wisconsinan and the Illinoian glacial stage respectively. The four loess units are stratigraphically equivalent to the Peoria, Farmdale, Roxana, and Loveland loess formations previously recognized in Illinois. The source of dust in both areas was glacial outwash in the Mississippi Valley. During interglacials and interstadials, when the supply of glacial debris was reduced and the Mississippi River changed from a braided to a meandering regime, dust sedimentation in southern Mississippi virtually ceased, allowing weathering and pedogenesis to proceed.  相似文献   

Isotopic and trace-element profiles across the New Britain island arc,Papua New Guinea     

Jon D. Woodhead  R. W. Johnson 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1993,113(4):479-491

New Pb-, Sr-, and Nd-isotopic data have been obtained for the rocks of volcanoes overlying a wide range of depths (100–580 km) to the Wadati-Benioff Zone (WBZ) in the New Britain island arc, Papua New Guinea. Well-defined trends consistent with two-component mixing are observed in combined Pb-isotope/trace-element plots. One of the components is believed to represent a slab contribution whose isotopic signature, unlike those noted for several other arcs, appears to be dominated by subducted, altered, oceanic crust rather than by sediment. This conclusion is consistent with the results of a recent Be–B study of New Britain rocks. The influence of the slab component is considered to decrease as depth to the WBZ increases. Higher abundances of high-field-strength elements correlate with increasing depths to the WBZ, and may be indicative of smaller degrees of partial melting of the mantle wedge as WBZ depths increase. Abundances of other incompatible elements appear to reflect a complex interplay between the slab-derived flux and melting process.  相似文献   

Modeling Free Product Migration and Recovery at Hydrocarbon Spill Sites     

J. C. Parker  J. L. Zhu  T. G. Johnson  V. J. Kremesec  E. L. Hockman 《Ground water》1994,32(1):119-128

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Considerations for the Design of In Situ Vapor Extraction Systems: Radius of Influence vs. Zone of Remediation     

Paul C. Johnson  Robert A. Ettinger 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1994,14(3):123-128

When designing in situ soil vapor extraction systems, the number and placement of vapor extraction wells arc typically based on the radius of influence determined from some combination of pilot test data, theoretical considerations, and experience. In this report, we examine common methods used to determine the radius of influence, and through examples we illustrate how effective this remedial design approach is. Significant conclusions arc the following: (a) systems designed by radius of influence-based approaches may never achieve desired remedial goals: (b) systems designed by radius of influence-based approaches may result in longer operation times and higher total costs than a system that incorporates remedial goals and some level of fundamentally based predictive modeling: and (c) at best, the radius of influence-based approach ensures containment of contaminant vapors.  相似文献   

Lithospheric flexure on Venus     

Catherine L. Johnson  David T. Sandwell 《Geophysical Journal International》1994,119(2):627-647

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Miocene-Pliocene half-graben evolution, detachment faulting and late-stage core complex uplift from reflection seismic data in south-east Arizona     

J. M. Kruger  R. A. Johnson  B. B. Houser† 《Basin Research》1995,7(2):129-149

Reflection seismic data show that the late Cenozoic Safford Basin in the Basin and Range of south-eastern Arizona, is a 4.5-km-deep, NW-trending, SW-dipping half graben composed of middle Miocene to upper Pliocene sediments, separated by a late Miocene sequence boundary into lower and upper basin-fill sequences. Extension during lower basin-fill deposition was accommodated along an E-dipping range-bounding fault comprising a secondary breakaway zone along the north-east flank of the Pinaleño Mountains core complex. This fault was a listric detachment fault, active throughout the mid-Tertiary and late Cenozoic, or a younger fault splay that cut or merged with the detachment fault. Most extension in the basin was accommodated by slip on the range-bounding fault, although episodic movement along antithetic faults temporarily created a symmetric graben. Upper-plate movement over bends in the range-bounding fault created rollover structures in the basin fill and affected deposition within the half graben. Rapid periods of subsidence relative to sedimentation during lower basin-fill deposition created thick, laterally extensive lacustrine or alluvial plain deposits, and restricted proximal alluvian-fan deposits to the basin margins. A period of rapid extension and subsidence relative to sediment influx, or steepening of the upper segment of the range-bounding fault at the start of upper basin-fill deposition resulted in a large downwarp over a major fault bend. Sedimentation was restricted to this downwarp until filled. Episodic subsidence during upper basin-fill deposition caused widespread interbedding of lacustrine and fluvial deposits. Northeastward tilting along the south-western flank of the basin and north-eastward migration of the depocentre during later periods of upper basin-fill deposition suggest decreased extension rates relative to late-stage core complex uplift.  相似文献   

Formal inversion of ISC arrival times for mantle P-velocity structure     

D. W. Vasco  R. Jay Pulliam  Lane R. Johnson 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,113(3):586-606

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The biogeochemical sulfur cycle in the marine boundary layer over the Northeast Pacific Ocean   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T. S. Bates  J. E. Johnson  P. K. Quinn  P. D. Goldan  W. C. Kuster  D. C. Covert  C. J. Hahn 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1990,10(1):59-81

The major components of the marine boundary layer biogeochemical sulfur cycle were measured simultaneously onshore and off the coast of Washington State, U.S.A. during May 1987. Seawater dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentrations on the continental shelf were strongly influenced by coastal upwelling. Concentration further offshore were typical of summer values (2.2 nmol/L) at this latitude. Although seawater DMS concentrations were high on the biologically productive continental shelf (2–12 nmol/L), this region had no measurable effect on atmospheric DMS concentrations. Atmospheric DMS concentrations (0.1–12 nmol/m³), however, were extremely dependent upon wind speed and boundary layer height. Although there appeared to be an appreciable input of non-sea-salt sulfate to the marine boundary layer from the free troposphere, the local flux of DMS from the ocean to the atmosphere was sufficient to balance the remainder of the sulfur budget.  相似文献