Using historical maps to analyze two hundred years of land cover changes: case study of Sorrento peninsula (south Italy)     

Stefania Pindozzi  Elena Cervelli  Alessandra Capolupo  Collins Okello 《制图学和地理信息科学》2016,43(3):250-265

Historical maps are effective sources of geographical information and useful for historical and territorial research. In this study, the examination of landscape dynamics on the basis of historical maps over a period of more than 200 years was conducted. The study area is Sorrento peninsula and part of the near Sarno river basin in South Italy. This study provides a general framework for the assessment of the overall quality and accuracy of historical maps. The application of the methodology used in this specific case study can contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of the landscape in the long term. The derived knowledge can be applied in the planning of the landscape in order to implement correct conservation strategies. The comparison was made on four maps 1817, 1875, 1960, and 2006. Geodetic accuracy of the sheet maps of 1817 and 1875 offer a right basis for a macro analysis of land cover dynamics, evaluating conversion from one land cover category to another. Main transformation, identified in the period between 1875 and 1960, was the disappearance of vineyards, which covered 25% of the total study area in 1875. Agricultural areas increased in this period to cover 57% of the total area.  相似文献   

Dowel connections securing roof-diaphragms to perimeter walls in historic masonry buildings and in-field testing for capacity assessment     

Alessandra Marini  Ezio Giuriani  Andrea Belleri  Stefania Cominelli 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(9):4001-4025

In the seismic retrofit of existing masonry constructions, global interventions are often needed to inhibit the onset of local mechanisms and to engage the whole building box-like structural behaviour. Such interventions are represented by perimeter ties and roof and floor diaphragms. This paper considers the roof diaphragm strengthening solution and investigates the use of stud connections securing the roof thin-folded shell to the perimeter walls. Stud connections serve the dual purpose of collecting and transferring the out-of-plane inertia forces of the masonry walls to the roof diaphragm, as well as transferring the diaphragm reaction forces to the shear walls. Specific detailing of the stud connection and the adoption of an improved lime-mortar overlay on the top of the masonry walls are proposed to improve the connection strength; without such improvements, the connection capacity would be jeopardised by the reduced shear resistance of the masonry wall due to the absence of significant vertical confining action at the roof level. The intervention entirely changes the behaviour of the connection and significantly reduces shear stresses on the masonry wall. The structural behaviour of the connection is analysed and discussed. Emphasis is made on the conceptual design of laboratory and in-field test procedures and testing frames in order to replicate the boundary conditions in real applications. In-situ tests may help during the design of the roof thin-folded shell system and allow for the efficiency assessment of the connections prior to the final intervention, thereby proving the actual feasibility of the retrofit solution.  相似文献   

New geomorphological and chronological constraints for glacial deposits in the Rivoli‐Avigliana end‐moraine system and the lower Susa Valley (Western Alps,NW Italy)          下载免费PDF全文

Susan Ivy‐Ochs  Stefania Lucchesi  Paolo Baggio  Gianfranco Fioraso  Franco Gianotti  Giovanni Monegato  Angela A. Graf  Naki Akçar  Marcus Christl  Francesco Carraro  Maria Gabriella Forno  Christian Schlüchter 《第四纪科学杂志》2018,33(5):550-562

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Spatial land use regression of nitrogen dioxide over a 5-year interval in Calgary,Canada     

Stefania Bertazzon  Isabelle Couloigner  Fox E. Underwood 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(7):1335-1354

We analysed the spatial distribution of nitrogen dioxide over Calgary (Canada) in summer 2010 and winter 2011 and in summer 2015 and winter 2016, and estimated land use regressions for 2015–16 (2010–11 models were estimated previously). As nitrogen dioxide exhibited spatial clustering, we evaluated the following spatial specifications against a linear model: spatially autoregressive (lag), spatially autoregressive (error), and geographically weighted regression. The spatially autoregressive (lag) specification performed best, achieving goodness-of-fit aligned with or greater than values reported in the literature. We compared the 2015–16 spatially autoregressive models with the 2010–11 models and reparametrized them on the 2010–11 and the 2015–16 data. Finally, we identified a single set of predictors to best fit the data. Nitrogen dioxide concentration decreased over the 5 years, retaining consistent spatial and seasonal patterns, with higher concentrations over traffic corridors and industrial areas, and greater variation in summer than winter. The multi-temporal analysis suggested that spatial land use regressions were robust over the time interval, despite moderate land use change. Multi-temporal spatial land use regressions yielded consistent predictors for each season over time, which can aid estimation of air pollution at fine spatial resolution over an extended time period.  相似文献   

Modelling the seismic response of a 2-storey URM benchmark case study: comparison among different equivalent frame models     

Manzini  Carlo Filippo  Ottonelli  Daria  Degli Abbati  Stefania  Marano  Corrado  Cordasco  Emilia Angela 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2022,20(4):2045-2084

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering - The paper presents the comparison of the results of non-linear static analyses performed with different software based on the equivalent frame (EF) modelling...  相似文献   

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Recovery from Human Urine by Struvite Precipitation and Air Stripping in Vietnam   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Samantha Antonini  Stefania Paris  Thomas Eichert  Joachim Clemens 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(12):1099-1104

A “No Mix” sanitation system was installed in a dormitory at the University of CanTho in South Vietnam, with the objective of recycling nutrients from source separated wastewater streams. This paper presents the “Yellow Water” treatment plant and its efficiency in recovering phosphorus and nitrogen from human urine. The pilot plant achieved phosphorus removal efficiencies of 98% with both diluted and undiluted urine. Phosphorus was recovered in the form of struvite, a solid mineral fertilizer with heavy metal concentrations being below the German Fertilizer Regulation's threshold limits. About 110 g of struvite could be generated after one treatment cycle, during which 50 L of urine were processed. Nitrogen removal by air stripping showed best results when circulating the urine for 3 h through the stripping column at a high flow rate (80 L/h). With these settings, more than 90% of the nitrogen could be removed from the urine, and virtually 100% of this nitrogen could be recovered in the form of liquid ammonium sulfate. In the future, treatment costs could be further reduced by making use of the solar energy that is available during daytime in South Vietnam.  相似文献   

Lysosomal and lipid-associated parameters in the livers of three species of arctic seabird chicks: species differences and relationships with contaminant levels     

Hegseth MN  Regoli F  Gorbi S  Bocchetti R  Gabrielsen GW  Camus L 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(8):1652-1660

Lysosomal membrane stability, lipofuscin (LF), malondialdehyde (MDA), neutral lipid (NL) levels, as well as halogenated organic compounds (HOCs), Cr, Cd, Pb and Fe concentrations were analyzed in liver of black-legged kittiwake (BK), herring gull (HG), and northern fulmar (NF) chicks. There were significant species differences in the levels of NL, LF and lysosomal membrane stability. These parameters were not associated with the respective HOC concentrations. LF accumulation was associated with increasing Cr, Cd and Pb concentrations. HG presented the lowest lysosomal membrane stability and the highest.LF and NL levels, which indicated impaired lysosomes in HG compared to NF and BK. Lipid peroxidation was associated with HOC and Fe²⁺ levels. Specific HOCs showed positive and significant correlations with MDA levels in HG. The study indicates that contaminant exposure can affect lysosomal and lipid associated parameters in seabird chicks even at low exposure levels. These parameters may be suitable markers of contaminant induced stress in arctic seabirds.  相似文献   

Simulation of dam-break waves on movable beds using a multi-stage centered scheme     

Stefania EVANGELISTA  Mustafa S.ALTINAKAR  Cristiana DI CRISTO  Angelo LEOPARDI 《国际泥沙研究》2013,28(3):269-284

This paper presents the application of the multi-stage first-order centered scheme GMUSTA to solve a two-phase flow model with four equations for simulating dam-break floods without and with sediment transport.Computation of generalized Riemann invariants can be particularly complex and costly in simulating dam-break floods with sediment transport.GMUSTA numerical scheme,which does not require complete knowledge of the eigenstructure of the hyperbolic mathematical model,offers a suitable and attractive option.The quality of the dam-break flood simulations with GMUSTA scheme is verified by comparing the results against laboratory tests and some experimental data available in the literature,on fixed and mobile bed conditions,with different bed materials and flush or stepped bottoms.The numerical results reproduce quite well the experimental evidence,proving that the model is capable of predicting the temporal evolution of the free-surface and the bed.The GMUSTA scheme,which is not only simple to implement but also both accurate and computationally efficient,is proposed as an appropriate tool for integrating non-equilibrium sediment-transport models.  相似文献   

Effect of Pumice and Sand on the Sustainability of Granular Iron Beds for the Aqueous Removal of CuII,NiII, and ZnII     

Stefania Bilardi  Paolo S. Calabrò  Sabine Caré  Nicola Moraci  Chicgoua Noubactep 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(9):835-843

Current knowledge of the basic principles underlying the design of Fe⁰ beds is weak. The volumetric expansive nature of iron corrosion was identified as the major factor determining the sustainability of Fe⁰ beds. This work attempts to systematically verify developed concepts. Pumice and sand were admixed to 200 g of Fe⁰ in column studies (50:50 volumetric proportion). Reference systems containing 100% of each material have been also investigated. The mean grain size of the used materials (in mm) were 0.28 (sand), 0.30 (pumice), and 0.50 (Fe⁰). The five studied systems were characterized (i) by the time dependent evolution of their hydraulic conductivity (permeability) and (ii) for their efficiency for aqueous removal of Cu^II, Ni^II, and Zn^II (about 0.3 mM of each). Results showed unequivocally that (i) quantitative contaminant removal was coupled to the presence of Fe⁰, (ii) additive admixture lengthened the service life of Fe⁰ beds, and (iii) pumice was the best admixing agent for sustaining permeability while the Fe⁰/sand column was the most efficient for contaminant removal. The evolution of the permeability was well‐fitted by the approach that the inflowing solution contained dissolved O₂. The achieved results are regarded as starting point for a systematic research to optimize/support Fe⁰ filter design.  相似文献   

Neural networks and landslide susceptibility: a case study of the urban area of Potenza   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

Donatella Caniani  Stefania Pascale  Francesco Sdao  Aurelia Sole 《Natural Hazards》2008,45(1):55-72

For those working in the field of landslide prevention, the estimation of hazard levels and the consequent production of thematic maps are principal objectives. They are achieved through careful analytical studies of the characteristics of landslide prone areas, thus, providing useful information regarding possible future phenomena. Such maps represent a fundamental step in the drawing up of adequate measures of landslide hazard mitigation. However, for a complete estimation of landslide hazard, meant as the degree of probability that a landslide occurs in a given area, within a given space of time, detailed and uniformly distributed data regarding their incidence and causes are required. This information, while obtainable through laborious historical research, is usually partial, incomplete and uneven, and hence, unsatisfactory for zoning on a regional scale. In order to carry this out effectively, the utilization of spatial estimation of the relative levels of landslide hazard in the various areas was considered opportune. These areas were classified according to their levels of proneness to landslide activity without taking recurrence periods into account. Various techniques were developed in order to obtain upheaval numerical estimates. The method used in this study, which was applied in the area of Potenza, is based on techniques derived from artificial intelligence (Artificial Neural Network—ANN). This method requires the definition of appropriate thematic layers, which parameterize the area under study. These are recognized by means of specific analyses in a functional relationship to the event itself. The parameters adopted are: slope gradient, slope aspect, topographical index, topographical shape, elevation, land use and lithology.  相似文献