The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: the clustering of galaxy groups     

Nelson D. Padilla  Carlton M. Baugh  Vincent R. Eke  Peder Norberg  Shaun Cole  Carlos S. Frenk  Darren J. Croton  Ivan K. Baldry  Joss Bland-Hawthorn  Terry Bridges  Russell Cannon  Matthew Colless  Chris Collins  Warrick Couch  Gavin Dalton  Roberto De Propris  Simon P. Driver  George Efstathiou  Richard S. Ellis  Karl Glazebrook  Carole Jackson  Ofer Lahav  Ian Lewis  Stuart Lumsden  Steve Maddox  Darren Madgwick  John A. Peacock  Bruce A. Peterson  Will Sutherland  Keith Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,352(1):211-225

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Zeolite minerals in the Jurassic dolerites of Tasmania: Their use as possible indicators of burial depth     

F. L. Sutherland 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3-4):171-178

Secondary zeolites in the Jurassic dolerites of Tasmania are re‐interpreted as burial assemblages reflecting stages of unloading of the Jurassic land surface.

Prehnite and laumontite occurrences suggest former burial depths exceeding 1600 to 2200 m. Scolecite and chabazite, described in detail, suggest burial depths between 800 to 1600 m about the end of Cretaceous time. These depths give an average erosional lowering of about 10–15 m/m.y. for the Tasmanian land surface over the last 165 m.y.  相似文献   

Paleogeothermal gradients in Australia: Key to 4‐D lithosphere mapping*     

F. L. Sutherland  R. E. Pogson  B. J. Barron  S. Y. O'Reilly  W. L. Griffin  O. Gaul 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):817-821

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Large-Scale Errors in ERS Altimeter Data     

Josef Y. Cherniawsky  Graig J. Sutherland 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1):2-16

A method is described for mapping time-uncorrelated large-scale errors in satellite altimeter sea surface heights. Standard deviations of differences between pairs of successive measurements at track crossovers are computed, and the functional dependence of these deviations on absolute time difference is used to estimate the errors of individual measurements. This is first applied to all of ERS-1,2 altimeter data in the Pacific Ocean, yielding average errors of 3.2 cm in the deep ocean (>1 km) and 4.7 cm in the shallow seas (<1 km). The procedure is repeated for variable latitude bands, each with a full range of possible time differences, yielding a meridional profile of computed errors, ranging from 2.6 cm near the Antarctic continent (67–60S) and South Subtropical regions (25–5S) to 3.5 cm in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (60–45S) and the Northern Hemisphere Subtropical and Subpolar Gyres. Finally, coarse-resolution maps of these errors are produced by subdividing the Pacific Ocean into latitude-longitude bins, each large enough to contain a sufficient number of samples for the functional fits. The larger errors are in Northwest and Subtropical Pacific, especially in South China Sea (4.3 to 4.5 cm) and off northern Australia (5.4 cm), while the smaller errors (2.5 to 3 cm) are in Northeast Pacific, central Tropical Pacific and near Antarctica in Southeast Pacific Ocean. These are lower bounds on altimeter errors, as they do not include contributions from time-correlated errors. We find that the computed error fields are not correlated with sea level standard deviations, thus disproving the notion that altimeter error variance can be scaled with the variance of sea surface height data.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variation in the abundance and composition of ichthyoplankton in a large South Island,New Zealand river estuary     

Darin L. Sutherland  Gerard P. Closs 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):1061-1069

Larval and juvenile fish drifting on ebb tides were collected from early summer to mid autumn at various locations in the Taieri River and Waipori River estuary, South Island, New Zealand. A total of seven species of fish were recorded, however only three species were regularly collected. These were the larval common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus McDowall), larval inanga (Galaxias maculatus Jenyns), and postlarval cockabully (Tripterygion nigripenne Valenciennes). Common bully densities were highest in mid January, with the highest densities being recorded drifting out of Lake Waihola. Inanga densities were highest in March and April, with the highest densities being recorded in the channels draining wetland areas where extensive tidal inundation of riparian vegetation occurred. Cockabully were recorded from February to April, mostly at more downstream sites. Inland penetration by marine species was considerable, with two marine species, clingfish (Trachelochismus pinnulatus Forster) and smooth leatherjacket (Parika scaber Forster), being recorded c. 12 km upstream in late summer.  相似文献   

New isotopic data on Late Cenozoic age and mantle origin of gem zircon and corundum from placers of Primorye,Russia     

V. P. Nechaev  E. V. Nechaeva  A. A. Chashchin  S. V. Vysotskiy  I. T. Graham  F. L. Sutherland 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2009,429(2):1426-1429

The paper shows that sapphire (corundum) and hyacinth (zircon) from the Primorye placers have genetic relationships with the Late Cenozoic within-plate basalts of mantle origin. The alternative hypothesis of their derivation from the Early-Middle Cretaceous S-type granites does not fit the evidence presented here. This conclusion is based on the age determinations (less than 15 m.y., zircon SHRIMP and Fission-Track analyses) and oxygen isotope compositions (δ¹⁸O SMOW = 4–6.5 vol %) of clastic zircon and corundum from two sapphire districts of Primorye: Marevka, occurring in the Marevka and Kedrovka river basins in the north, and Shkotovo located in the area of upper Arsenievka and Steklyanukha Rivers in the south.  相似文献   

GEOLOGICAL DRAUGHTING WITH COREL DRAW     

Rupert Sutherland 《地学学报》1991,3(5):555-558

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Dispersion and toxicity to non-target aquatic organisms of pesticides used to treat sea lice on salmon in net pen enclosures     

Ernst W  Jackman P  Doe K  Page F  Julien G  Mackay K  Sutherland T 《Marine pollution bulletin》2001,42(6):433-444

Pesticides are used extensively in the finfish aquaculture industry to control sea lice infestations on farmed salmon. The most prevalent method of use is to enclose a net pen with an impervious tarpaulin and mix a pesticide solution within that enclosure. After treatment for short periods (1 h) the pesticide solution is released to the environment. Concerns have been raised that there is a potential risk to non-target aquatic organisms from those releases. The fate of dispersing pesticide solutions was measured after six simulated treatments in the Lower Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. Three simulated treatments were done with azamethiphos and three with cypermethrin. Rhodamine dye was added to all pesticide solutions in order to facilitate tracking of the dispersing plume through real-time measurements of dye concentrations by a flow-through fluorometer coupled with a differential global positioning system (DGPS). Water samples were obtained from within the plumes at various times after release and analysed for pesticide content and toxicity to a benthic amphipod Eohaustorius estuaris. Dye concentrations were detectable for time periods after release which varied from 2 to 5.5 h. Distances travelled by the dye patches ranged from 900 to 3000 m and the dye concentrations at the final sampling period were generally 1/200-1/3000 the pre-release concentrations and cypermethrin concentrations were generally 1/1000-1/2000 the pre-release concentrations. Cypermethrin concentrations in water samples were closely correlated with dye concentrations, indicating that dye analyses were an accurate surrogate for cypermethrin concentrations. Most samples taken after the releases of azamethiphos were not toxic to test organisms in 48 h exposures and none were beyond 20 min post-release. By contrast, almost all samples taken after the release of cypermethrin, even up to 5-h post-release, were toxic. Data indicate the potential to cause toxic effects over areas of hectares from a single release of cypermethrin.  相似文献   

Frontal accretion and thrust wedge evolution under very oblique plate convergence: Fiordland Basin, New Zealand     

P. M. Barnes  B. Davy  R. Sutherland  J. Delteil 《Basin Research》2002,14(4):439-466

A thrust wedge with unusual geometry has developed under very oblique (50–60°) convergence between the Pacific and Australian Plates, along the 240‐km length of the Fiordland margin, New Zealand. The narrow (25 km‐wide) wedge comprises three overlapping components, lying west of the offshore section of the Alpine Fault, and straddles a change of > 30° in the regional strike of the plate boundary. Swath bathymetry, marine seismic reflection profiles, and dated samples together reveal the stratigraphy, structure, and evolution of the wedge and the underthrusting, continental, Caswell High (Australian Plate). Lateral variations in the composition and structure of the accretionary wedge, and the depth of the décollement thrust, result partly from variations in crustal structure and basement relief of the underthrust plate, and from associated variations in the thickness of turbidites available for frontal accretion. In the southern Fiordland Basin the underthrust plate is undergoing flexural uplift and extension, and a thick turbidite section is available for accretion. Along‐strike, a structurally elevated portion of the underthrust plate is very obliquely colliding with the central part of the accretionary wedge, the turbidite section available for accretion is condensed, and structural inversion occurs in the underthrust plate. Growth of the thrust wedge is inferred to have commenced in the Pliocene prior to 3 ± 1 Ma, but much of the wedge developed in the Quaternary. The spatial distribution of thrusting has varied through time, with most late Quaternary shortening occurring on structures within 10 km of the right‐stepping deformation front. Estimates of the magnitude and rates of deformation indicate that the wedge accommodates a significant component of the oblique convergence between the Pacific and Australian Plates. Shortening of up to 7.3 ± 1.4 km and 9.1 ± 1.8 km within the southern and central parts of the wedge, respectively, represent about 5–15% of the total 70–140 km of shortening predicted across the plate boundary since 6.4 Ma, and about 10–30% since 3 Ma. Late Quaternary shortening rates of the order of 1–5 mm yr^?1, estimated across both the northern and southern parts of the wedge, represent about 10–50 and 5–21% of the total NUVEL‐1 A shortening across the plate boundary at these respective latitudes, implying that most shortening is occurring onshore. Furthermore, possible oblique‐slip thrusting within the wedge may be accommodating boundary‐parallel displacement of 0–6 mm yr^?1, representing 0–17% of the total predicted within the plate boundary.  相似文献   

An analysis of the dynamic characteristics of flotation circuits by time-series analysis     

K. O&#x;Keefe  W. Selby  D.N. Sutherland 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》1981,8(2):147-163

Time-series analysis techniques are used to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the flotation circuits on the Renison tin concentrator in Tasmania. Routine plant-operating data provide information on the variability of feed streams, the disturbances resulting from normal manual operation, the suitability of certain locations for sitting instruments, and some simple time delays in the circuit. It is also shown how plant upsets and abnormal conditions caused by large perturbations to the operation can prove useful in such studies. Finally, a dynamic experiment is described which shows that disturbances higher in frequency than those in the feed are induced in the roughing and scavenging operations, but that these are filtered out again in the cleaner circuit. The uses and limitations of these techniques are discussed.  相似文献