雅鲁藏布江流域地-气系统的水平衡   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张顺利  陶诗言 《水科学进展》2001,12(4):509-515

利用NCEP/NCAR1980-1989年10年逐日00UTC、12UTC再分析资料及青藏高原降水、径流资料,研究了青藏高原雅鲁藏布江流域的水平衡特征,估算了雅鲁藏布江流域的蒸发、土壤和地下水含量。结果表明:雅鲁藏布江流域夏季是水汽辐合区,降水大于蒸发;秋末到次年春季是水汽通量辐散区,蒸发大于降水。降水主要集中在6～9月。径流的年际变化趋势同降水相近,径流主要是由降水补给的,径流峰值滞后降水峰值一个月。雅鲁藏布江流域土壤及地下含水量从1～6月逐渐减少,7月以后开始增加,10月是土壤及地下水最丰富的时段。20世纪80年代中期和后期降水、蒸发、径流等呈增长趋势,这同ENSO事件有关。  相似文献   

闽西南地区成岩成矿作用与构造环境   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14       下载免费PDF全文

毛建仁  陶奎元  谢芳贵  许乃政  陈三元 《岩石矿物学杂志》2001,20(3):329-336

闽西南地区是特提斯构造域向环太平洋大陆边缘构造域转换的典型地区，区内多期构造演化形成了复杂多变的构造单元格局和多种成岩成矿环境。多期多阶段火山侵入岩浆作用为矿集区矿床的形成提供了良好的热液活动条件和深部热源基础。笔者总结了研究区矿床时空演化规律、矿床成矿系列与成矿构造环境的关系，指出复杂多变的构造环境造成了本区矿床具多时代、多层位、多矿种、多成因类型的特点。  相似文献   

东马珠穆沁旗中铁陨石表面的角砾状橄榄石的特征     

陶克捷  杨主明等 《岩石学报》2001,17(2):321-324

东乌珠穆沁旗中铁陨石中有二种橄榄石。一种是陨石中基质橄榄石，另一种是镶嵌在陨石表面的角砾状橄榄石。电子探针成分分析结果表明，两种橄榄石中的FeO和MnO比值，包体矿物种类，包体铁纹石和镍纹石中Fe,Ni的含量等，均有较大区别。陨石中基质橄榄石矿物是本陨石中原物质，而角砾状橄榄石是宇宙中物质。他们是两块自由翱于宇宙中的物质碰撞混合而形成的东乌珠穆旗陨石中这种现象。  相似文献   

绿片岩力学性质的实验研究     

顾芷娟  潘裕生  周勇  陶京玲  刘成龙 《现代地质》2001,15(4):450-452

绿片岩的力学实验表明 ,在围压 45 0MPa条件下 ,岩石约于 45 0℃开始塑性变形。温度升至 5 5 0℃时变形加剧 ,原来直径为 10mm、高 2 0mm的均匀圆柱体变成直径为 10 8mm、高 17 4mm、中部变粗的不规则柱体。这一结果为解释青藏高原的地壳加厚提供了一定的实验依据  相似文献   

POROSITY AND PORE STRUCTURE FROM ACOUSTIC WELL LOGGING DATA1     

G. TAO  M.S. KING 《Geophysical Prospecting》1993,41(4):435-451

Wyllie's time-average equation and subsequent refinements have been used for over 20 years to estimate the porosity of reservoir rocks from compressional (P)-wave velocity (or its reciprocal, transit time) recorded on a sonic log. This model, while simple, needs to be more convincingly explained in theory and improved in practice, particularly by making use of shear (S)-wave velocity. One of the most important, although often ignored, factors affecting elastic velocities in a rock is pore structure, which is also a controlling factor for transport properties of a rock. Now that S-wave information can be obtained from the sonic log, it may be used with P-waves to provide a better understanding of pore structure. A new acoustic velocities-to-porosity transform based on an elastic velocity model developed by Kuster and Toksöz is proposed. Employing an approximation to an equivalent pore aspect ratio spectrum, pore structure for reservoir rocks is taken into account, in addition to total pore volume. Equidimensional pores are approximated by spheres and rounded spheroids, while grain boundary pores and flat pores are approximated by low aspect ratio cracks. An equivalent pore aspect ratio spectrum is characterized by a power function which is determined by compressional-and shear-wave velocities, as well as by matrix and inclusion properties. As a result of this more sophisticated elastic model of porous rocks and a stricter theory of elastic wave propagation, the new method leads to a more satisfactory interpretation and fuller use of seismic and sonic log data. Calculations using the new transform on data for sedimentary rocks, obtained from published literature and laboratory measurements, are presented and compared at atmospheric pressure with those estimated from the time-average equation. Results demonstrate that, to compensate for additional complexity, the new method provides more detailed information on pore volume and pore structure of reservoir rocks. Examples are presented using a realistic self-consistent averaging scheme to consider interactions between pores, and the possibility of extending the method to complex lithologies and shaly rocks is discussed.  相似文献   

青藏高原东缘新生代隆升剥露与断裂活动的低温热年代学约束          下载免费PDF全文

陶亚玲  张会平  葛玉魁  庞建章  俞晶星  张佳伟  赵旭东  马字发 《地球物理学报》1954,63(11):4154-4167

青藏高原东缘作为高原生长的东边界,其新生代以来隆升剥露与扩展模式备受关注.高原内部平缓的地貌和边界构造带不显著的缩短变形被认为是下地壳流作用的重要证据.然而近年来,越来越多的低温热年代学研究结果表明,中-晚新生代以来跨不同断裂带存在显著的差异性隆升剥露,指示了断裂体系在青藏高原东缘构造变形与演化中的重要作用.本文系统收集区域内现有不同封闭温度体系的低温热年代学数据,综合分析结果表明青藏高原东缘隆升剥露及生长扩展与整个高原抬升具有准同步性.最为广泛和显著的剥露主要发生在~30 Ma以来,且高原东缘的最大侵蚀量区受控于断裂活动,快速侵蚀带的空间分布与鲜水河断裂带相一致.在区域尺度上,现有数据所揭示的剥露事件启动、持续时间及速率的显著差异性揭示了断层活动对青藏高原东缘地表剥露过程的控制作用.本文提出青藏高原向东扩展是多阶段、非均匀过程,新生代以来不同断裂带在青藏高原向东扩展过程中起到了至关重要的作用,不支持"下地壳流假说"强调的"东缘上地壳变形不显著"的认识.  相似文献   

NON-LINEAR CRITICAL LAYER IN EL NINO AND LA NINA YEARS AND FORMATION, MAINTENTENANCE AND OSCILLATION OF THE SUBTROPICAL HIGH     

陶丽  陆维松 《热带气象学报(英文版)》1999,5(2):113-122

Monthly mean zonal wind data from the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasting(ECMWF)for December 1982, April 1983, October 1984 and ApriI 1985 are used in numerical integration as thebasic flow in a non-linear critical-layer model. The subtropical high is extensive and limited in number if simulated with the basic now in December 1982 and April 1983. It consists of 2 to 3 cells that move westward at alloscillatory periods of 1～2 months. The subtropical high, simulated with the basic flow in October 1984 and April1 985. is weak and small in coverage, or distributed in strips that contain up to 4 cells. The high. merged or spillover a short time. is moving westward. The years 1982 ～1983 are a process of EI Niño while the years 1984-1985one of La Niña. lt is known from the chart of energy flux that it oscillates by a much larger amplitude and longerperiod in the EI Niño year than in the La Niña year. All the results above have indicated that the basic flow in the EI Niño year is enhancing the subtropical high lagging by about 4 months and that in the La Niña year is decay'ing it. It is consiStent with the well-known observational fact that the SSTA in the equatorial eastern Pacitlc ispositively correlated with the extent and intensity of the subtropical high in west Pacific lagging by 1～2 seasons.The result is also important for further study of the formation, maintenance and oscillation of the subtropicalhigh.  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of dynamic process of the Tangshan earthquake     

YONG-EN CAI  TAO HE  REN WANG 《地震学报(英文版)》1999,12(5):516-524

In this paper, the new LDDA (Lagrangian Discontinuous Deformation Analysis) method is used in modeling the dynamic process of the MS=7.8 Tangshan earthquake on July 28, 1976 and obtain directly the dynamic and quasi-static dislocations, shear stress drops, fracture velocities of the Tangshan earthquake fault. The simulation shows that the slip history at each point of the fault is different. The displacement vectors at the concave side of the fault is greater than that of the convex side of the fault. The "over shoot" of the fault slip is greatest at the middle part of the fault and attenuates to its ends. The rupture velocities of the fault from the epicenter towards south-west and towards north-east are 3.08 m/s and 1.18 m/s, respectively, the average one is 2.13 m/s. The maximum dynamic and quasi-static dislocations are 7.1 m and 6.2 m respectively, the average quasi-static one on the fault is 4.5 m. The maximum dynamic and quasi-static shear stress drops are 8.1 MPa and 5.4 MPa, respectively, the average quasi-static shear stress drop is 3.9 MPa.We found that the rupture velocities and shear stress are related to the initial stress states of the fault.  相似文献   

一次致灾超级单体雹暴过程数值模拟和发展机制分析     

吴福浪  杨丽敏  蒋迪  陶俞锋  陈九龄 《气象科技》2021,49(1):86-94

利用高分辨率中尺度数值模式WRF,模拟了2019年3月21日发生在浙江省的一次大范围致灾超级单体雹暴过程,结合多普勒雷达探测产品,分析了风暴的雷达回波结构、流场结构、各类水成物等特征及其演变,并探究冰雹形成的物理机制。结果表明:此次雹暴过程是在高空急流轴右侧和低层切变线相重叠的区域发生和发展的,强垂直风切变有利于雹暴的维持和发展。实况超级单体雹暴在雷达回波上呈现出钩状回波、持久深厚的中气旋、典型的高悬强回波、有界弱回波区和三体散射现象。模拟试验成功地模拟出了雹暴云团的水平演变和垂直结构特征。合适的0℃和-20℃高度以及-20~0℃层厚度有利于雹粒的增长。雹粒子主要由云水、过冷雨水和雪粒子转化形成,再通过碰并过冷云水、冰晶、雪粒子而不断增长。  相似文献   

BCC第二代气候预测模式系统对2015年一次寒潮过程的预报能力评估   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陶潘虹  张耀存  孙凤华 《气象科学》2020,40(2):191-199

利用BCC第二代气候预测模式系统(BCC_CSM2)的回报试验结果,评估了BCC_CSM2对2015年1月27—31日一次强寒潮过程的次季节预报能力,结果表明:(1)此次寒潮过程主要由新地岛以西的短波槽不断东移发展而形成的,模式能够提前10 d较好地预报过程期间降温以及高空环流形势,相关系数、距平符号一致率以及均方根误差都定量表明模式在10 d左右具有较好的预报能力,但是对降温程度的预报能力随起报时间的延长逐渐降低;(2)为了探讨随起报时间延长模式预报能力降低的原因,从位势倾向方程出发,分析相对涡度平流和温度平流随高度变化发现,在模式提前10 d之内的预报时段内,模式预报的相对涡度平流和温度平流随高度变化与再分析资料的诊断结果基本一致,能够合理预测短波槽的东移和槽脊的强度变化,当预报超过10 d后,模式中相对涡度平流的配置不利于短波槽的东移,模式预报的低层出现暖平流,并随高度增加而减小,不利于槽的加深,使模式预报的环流形势产生偏差,导致模式预报能力降低。  相似文献