Rock Glaciers in the Patagonian Andes: An Inventory for the Monte San Lorenzo (Cerro Cochrane) Massif, 47° S          下载免费PDF全文

Daniel Falaschi  Takeo Tadono  Mariano Masiokas 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2015,97(4):769-777

Although rock glaciers in the Central and Desert Andes of Argentina and Chile have been previously studied in detail, much less attention has been paid to the occurrence of these permafrost forms in Patagonia. Recently, however, the establishment of the Argentinean Glacier Inventory program, which intends to inventory and monitor all ice masses along the Argentinean Andes, has started a large amount of new geocryological research. The project is designed to provide reliable and worldwide comparable results, supported by well established technical procedures and background information. Presented here is the first rock glacier inventory of the Monte San Lorenzo (Cerro Cochrane) region in the southern Patagonian Andes. A total of 130 intact (9.86 km²) and 47 fossil (1.45 km²) landforms were inventoried using two 2.5 m resolution ALOS Panchromatic Remote‐sensing Instruments for Stereo Mapping images. Since the Argentinean federal initiative described above legally protects all rock glaciers in the country as water reserves, and due to the little scientific knowledge concerning rock glaciers in the vast majority of the Patagonian Andes, this inventory provides an important basis for political decision‐making and opens further geocryological research avenues for the Patagonian region in general.  相似文献   

Source characteristics of main and post-burst-increase phases of solar bursts at 17 GHz     

Takeo Kosugi  Keizo Kai  Takashi Suzuki 《Solar physics》1983,87(2):373-390

Twenty four solar bursts of peak fluxes above 50 sfu are analyzed which were observed with the 17 GHz interferometer at Nobeyama during the period from 1978 September to 1979 December. Source characteristics and their temporal evolutions are investigated on a statistical basis with high time resolutions up to 0.8 s. Use of a model-fitting technique recently developed by Kosugi (1982) is made to derive both the position of centroid and size (～ FWHM) of burst source with an uncertainty of a few arc sec. The results of this study are the following:

1. Two different phases in the burst, that is to say, the main phase and the post-burst-increase (PBI) phase, are distinguished clearly not only by the morphological difference of flux time profile, but also by the differences of brightness temperature (10⁷-?10⁹ K vs 10⁵–10⁷ K), circular polarization degree (0–50% vs 0–10%), and size (?5–25″ vs 10–70″). There is no definite correlation between the peak fluxes in the two phases.
2. The majority of the selected bursts (21 of 24) show in the main phase source characteristics of the impulsive burst. The total flux varies rapidly (characteristic time scale defined by FWHM ? 100 s), often associated with the rapid shift of position and the rapid change of polarization degree. The source height of the impulsive source is lower than that of the PBI source. On the other hand, the type IV_μ source, seen in three events, shows a gradual variation and the source ascends to a height of ～ 40 000 km above the photosphere.
3. In the PBI phase, the expansion and ascension of the source occur in general (21 of 23 for the former and 12 of 15 for the latter). The velocities of both the movements are of the order of 5 km s^?1.

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Working group on historical changes in spatial organization     

Takeo Tanioka 《GeoJournal》1980,4(6):572-572

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Type II–IV radio bursts and compact and diffuse white-light clouds in the outer corona of December 14, 1971     

Takeo Kosugi 《Solar physics》1976,48(2):339-356

The radio observations of type II–IV bursts on December 14, 1971 are analyzed. These radio events were associated with a H-spray or eruptive prominence, and later followed by several compact moving clouds observed with the NRL white-light coronagraph aboard OSO-7. There was also observed a diffuse expanding cloud behind the compact moving clouds.From the comparison of the interferometer observation of the bursts with the optical observation, it is strongly suggested that the compact moving clouds were likely to be the optical counterparts of the sources of moving type IV radio emission. This fact suggests that the magnetic bubbles were really produced in the flare process. The frequency-drift of the first group of type II bursts was so rapid, that we could neither identify the type II shock with the leading edge of the diffuse expanding cloud nor interpret it as the piston-driven shock of the latter. Because of the uncertainty of the velocities of the compact clouds due to the projection effect, the possibility that the type II shock was the piston-driven shock of the compact clouds cannot be excluded. Nevertheless we suggest that the type II shock was a blast type MHD shock and had no direct physical relation to the flare-associated mass-ejection processes. The relation between the type II–IV bursts and the interplanetary shock is also discussed.  相似文献   

Numerical computations of the storm surges in tosa bay     

Takeo Ueno 《Journal of Oceanography》1981,37(2):61-73

The storm surges which occurred in Tosa Bay in August 21, 1970 were numerically simulated. First of all NOAA's model SPLASH (Special Program to List Amplitudes of Surges from Hurricanes) was used and the effects of the typhoon's parameters, the bottom topography, the coastal configuration and the coordinate systems of storm surges were examined. SPLASH was then modified to suit computations of storm surges in the open sea and open boundary conditions were studied. Finally a two layer model was developed and the effects of the two layer system on surges were investigated.  相似文献   

Synthesis of crystallographically oriented olivine aggregates using colloidal processing in a strong magnetic field     

Sanae Koizumi  Tohru S. Suzuki  Yoshio Sakka  Kosuke Yabe  Takehiko Hiraga 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2016,43(10):689-706

This study develops a fabrication technique to obtain Fe-free and Fe-bearing (Fe:Mg = 1:9) olivine aggregates not only with high density and fine grain size but with crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO). A magnetic field (≤12 T) is applied to synthetic, fine-grained (~120 nm), olivine particles dispersed in solvent. The alignment of certain crystallographic axes of the particles with respect to a magnetic direction is anticipated due to magnetic anisotropy of olivine. The dispersed particles are gradually consolidated on a porous alumina mold covered with a solid–liquid separation filter during drainage of the solvent. The resultant aligned consolidated aggregate is then isostatically pressed and vacuum sintered. We find that (1) preparation of fully reacted olivine particles, with less propensity to coalesce; (2) preparation of a suspension with highly dispersed particles; and (3) application of a certain strength of the magnetic field are essential to obtain well-sintered and well-aligned aggregates. High density (i.e., <1 vol% porosity) and fine grain size (~1 μm) Fe-free and Fe-bearing olivine aggregates were successfully synthesized with uniaxially aligned a- and c-axes, respectively. Attempts to uniaxially align the magnetization hard axis and to triaxially align Fe-bearing olivine by rotating the suspension in the magnetic field succeeded in obtaining weakly developed CPO aggregates.  相似文献   

Morphology of intergranular pores and wetting angles in pelitic schists studied by transmission electron microscopy   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Takehiko Hiraga  Osamu Nishikawa  Toshiro Nagase  Mizuhiko Akizuki 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2001,141(5):613-622

In pelitic schists composed mainly of quartz and albite grains, the morphology of intergranular pores, which were filled with water, was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Although some pores are defined by crystallographic planes (F-face), most of their form has an ideal shape determined by interface tensions between grains and fluid. High-resolution TEM observations demonstrate that pore-free regions at grain boundaries are tight even at the nanometer scale, showing that the wetting angle is larger than 0° in this rock. The pore distribution in two-grain junctions can be compared to a "necklace microstructure" developed by instability of a fluid film along the boundary induced by microcracking. Wetting angles for pores located at grain edges of quartz and albite decrease in the order albite/albite, quartz/quartz, and quartz/albite. The quartz/quartz wetting angle in a calcite-free sample is smaller than that in a calcite-containing sample. This angle also changes due to grain misorientation. Our results confirm that solid-solid and solid-fluid interfacial energies control the geometry of intergranular fluid in natural rocks.  相似文献   

Focal Mechanisms of Intermediate-depth Earthquakes Beneath Southeastern Hokkaido,Japan Implications of the Double Seismic Zone   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nurcan?OzelEmail author  Takeo?Moriya 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2003,160(12):2279-2299

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Wave properties and focal mechanisms of N-type earthquakes at Asama volcano     

H. Aoyama  M. Takeo 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2001,105(1-2)

N-type earthquakes sometimes occur before the eruption of andesitic volcanoes, but their source mechanism has not been understood well. Their waveforms have stationary periods and decay slowly resembling to damped oscillation. They have common characteristics of spectra among the different stations; these spectral peaks appear at almost equal intervals of 1.0 Hz with common sharpness. We made detailed analysis on the N-type earthquakes observed at Asama volcano in July 1995. During 10 days activity, the duration of each earthquake increased gradually from 40 s to 3 min, while the peak frequency decreased from 2.7 to 0.8 Hz. Hypocenters are distributed slightly west under the summit crater with 0.4–1.7 km above sea-level. Source mechanism of the N-type earthquake is determined using a waveform inversion technique. Synthetic waveforms are calculated using 2D finite difference method. Surface topography is included in the calculation to incorporate the case that the source region is higher than the stations. Since the optimum solution has a large volumetric component, we approximated the volumetric part as a volume change of fluid filled sphere or cylinder or plane crack, and decomposed the solution into volumetric and non-volumetric part. Consequently, it is revealed that the optimum solution can be expressed as “crack expansion (contraction)+small fault slip”, because the spectral peak distribution advocates the crack expansion model among these three candidates. The frequency change during this activity may be explained by the time variation of the sound speed of inner fluid from 300 to 100 m/s. The change of the void fraction of water–steam phase might have caused the decrease of the sound speed.  相似文献   

What can be learned from rotational motions excited by earthquakes?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Minoru Takeo  Hidemi M. Ito 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,129(2):319-329

One answer to the question posed in the title is that we will have more accurate data for arrival times of SH waves, because the rotational component around the vertical axis is sensitive to SH waves although not to P-SV waves. Importantly, there is another answer related to seismic sources, which will be discussed in this paper.
Generally, not only dislocations commonly used in earthquake models but also other kind of defects could contribute to producing seismic waves. In particular, rotational strains at earthquake sources directly generate rotational components in seismic waves. Employing the geometrical theory of defects, we obtain a general expression for the rotational motion of seismic waves as a function of the parameters of source defects.
Using this expression, together with one for translational motion, we can estimate the rotational strain tensor and the spatial variation of slip velocity in the source area of earthquakes. These quantities will be large at the edges of a fault plane due to spatially rapid changes of slip on the fault and/or a formation of tensile fractures.  相似文献