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991.
992.
993.
The spatial and temporal effects of hot seawater (60–70°C) from a power station on nearby soft-bottom communities were analyzed
in the protected area “Sebadales del sur de Tenerife” (SE coast of Tenerife, Canary Islands, NE Atlantic Ocean). The samples
were taken during summer 2003 and winter 2004 from 12 to 20 m depth. The highest macrofaunal abundance and species diversity
were found in the turbines. A specific community, characterized by the polychaetes Aponuphis bilineata and sabellids of the genus Chone and the amphipod Photis longicaudata, inhabited the surroundings of the power station turbines. Permanent current from sea effluent had majok impact over the
macrofaunal community structure of the neighbouring bottom where no measurable responses to thermal disturbance were detected. 相似文献
994.
U–Pb detrital zircon ages are reported from Puncoviscana Formation (late Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian) and Mesón Group (Late Cambrian) greywackes of northwest Argentina, to constrain provenance and depositional environment.The new data are combined with previously-published detrital zircon ages, to show that Puncoviscana Formation age patterns contain two broad groups: late Mesoproterozoic–early Neoproterozoic (1150–850 Ma) and late Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian (650–520 Ma); with their relative proportions varying inversely with youngest component age. The 1150–850 Ma age components are dominant in greywackes with oldest late Neoproterozoic components > 600 Ma. The former diminish considerably when late Neoproteozoic components become dominant and younger, to 520 Ma. A northernmost greywacke sample from Purmamarca, Jujuy, is distinctive: whilst its zircon age pattern partly resembles other Puncoviscana Formation samples, it contains no Cambrian–late Neoproterozoic ages, the youngest ages being early Neoproterozoic. This may reflect an early, Neoproterozoic, passive-margin depocentre for the Formation, or an older (early Neoproterozoic) succession within it, which may predate the Brasiliano orogeny in Brazil. The youngest age components, c. 520 Ma, in a greywacke from Rancagua (Cachi, Salta province), dominate an almost unimodal pattern suggestive of contemporary volcanic sources at a late Early Cambrian depocentre. Detrital zircon age patterns of the Mesón Group (Lizoite Formation) have major Cambrian–latest Neoproterozoic components resembling those of the Puncoviscana Formation, but its Mesoproterozoic component is diminished, and there are no significant age components of this age. Small youngest components at c. 500 Ma suggest a maximum Late Cambrian stratigraphic age. The Puncoviscana Formation detrital zircon patterns suggest a provenance in a continental hinterland having a stabilised, extensive late Mesoproterozoic orogen (with minor Paleoproterozoic and Archean precursors), and a more variable late Neoproterozoic orogen containing an evolving sequence of less extensive subcomponents. A direct relationship with the Brazilian Shield is suggested; with sediment supplies originating within active-margin orogens of the interior and collisional orogens at the suture between African and South American cratons, but ultimate deposition in passive-margin environments of western Gondwanaland. 相似文献
995.
David Pardo Myung Jin Nam Carlos Torres-Verdín Michael G. Hoversten Iñaki Garay 《Computational Geosciences》2011,15(1):53-67
We introduce a new numerical method to simulate geophysical marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) measurements for
the case of 2D structures and finite 3D sources of electromagnetic (EM) excitation. The method of solution is based on a spatial
discretization that combines a 1D Fourier transform with a 2D self-adaptive, goal-oriented, hp-Finite element method. It enables fast and accurate simulations for a variety of important, challenging and practical cases
of marine CSEM acquisition. Numerical results confirm the high accuracy of the method as well as some of the main physical
properties of marine CSEM measurements such as high measurement sensitivity to oil-bearing layers in the subsurface. In our
model, numerical results indicate that measurements could be affected by the finite oil-bearing layer by as much as 104% (relative difference). While the emphasis of this paper is on EM simulations, the method can be used to simulate different
physical phenomena such as seismic measurements. 相似文献
996.
M. R. Sauri-Riancho D. D. Cabañas-Vargas M. Echeverría-Victoria M. Gamboa-Marrufo R. Centeno-Lara R. I. Méndez-Novelo 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,63(2):351-362
In this work, geographic information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) were used in order to identify
the appropriate location for hazardous waste (HW) treatment facilities and final disposal sites in the State of Yucatan, Mexico.
For HW-treatment facilities, in addition to the distance to generators and treatment facilities, geographic conditions of
the site, such as vegetation, soil type, accessibility, distance to urban or rural communities, and all the boundary elements
as agricultural or livestock areas, were considered in GIS and MCDA. Final disposal was taken into account only for those
HW that could not be avoided or treated. In order to find the most suitable areas, the Mexican Official Norm NOM-055-SEMARNAT-2003
criteria were observed too. It was found that the most suitable zones for HW-treatment facilities were at the centre of the
State, whereas the most recommended areas for HW final disposal sites were at the south. 相似文献
997.
W. A. Ambrose C. Breton S. D. Hovorka I. J. Duncan G. Gülen M. H. Holtz V. Núñez-López 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,63(3):513-532
Texas has a wide variety of areas that can be targeted for new clean-coal facilities. These areas are delineated by mapping spatial linkages between coal- and lignite-bearing formations, groundwater and surface-water resources, and CO2 sinks in brine formations for long-term CO2 storage or in mature oil fields with potential for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). However, a variety of infrastructure factors make it feasible to also target numerous areas outside coal and lignite basins in Texas. These infrastructure factors include pipelines for delivery of CO2 to subsurface sinks and delivery of coal-produced hydrogen to refineries, ease of connection to existing transmission lines, distribution of nonattainment areas where new clean-coal facilities could be constructed and be compliant with strict air-quality standards, and railroads that can transport coal and other feedstock to new clean-coal facilities. Primary regions in Texas where favorably co-located CO2 source-sink factors related to coal and lignite trends include the Gulf Coast, the Eastern Shelf of the Permian Basin, and the Fort Worth Basin. However, areas outside coal and lignite basins, particularly the Permian Basin where a new clean-coal facility is being planned, also have clean-coal potential because of existing CO2 pipelines and proximity to EOR fields that can economically sustain new clean-coal facilities. 相似文献
998.
Peña-Icart M Villanueva Tagle ME Alonso-Hernández C Rodríguez Hernández J Behar M Pomares Alfonso MS 《Marine environmental research》2011,72(1-2):60-66
Knowing the metal extraction capacity of a digestion method is crucial for a better environmental interpretation of metal concentrations determined in sediments. One of the main problems at the present is the lack of harmonization of information obtained by two of the most popular sediment partial digestion methods: ISO 11466.3 (aqua regia) and EPA 3050B (HNO?--H?O?--HCl). In the present work, the amount of Cu, Ni and Pb leached by using both methods was compared with the total content of those elements in marine sediments collected, as an example, from the Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba. Similar amounts of Cu were extracted by both methods; while leaching of Ni and Pb were different. Generally, the EPA method extracted more Ni than the ISO method. In contrast, Pb was extracted in a larger amount by the ISO method. Some explanations are given for the observed results. X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Fluorescence, Particle Induced X-ray Emission Spectrometry and Energy Dispersive X-ray coupled to Scanning Electron Microscopy were employed for this purpose. On the other hand, none of the methods studied extracted simultaneously the fraction of all the metals, probably provided by human activity (Theoretical Anthropogenic Fraction) in both sediments studied. The use of ISO 11466.3 or EPA 3050B is recommended since the analytical performance parameters of both, in combination with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, are adequate. For a better environmental interpretation of the analytical results, information on the extraction efficiency of the selected method for specific elements and sediments under study should also be provided, together with the determined concentrations. 相似文献
999.
Elaine S. Fileman Tania Fitzgeorge-Balfour Glen A. TarranRoger P. Harris 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
The plankton community composition comprising heterotrophic bacteria, pro-/eukaryotes, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, microzooplankton and mesozooplankton was assessed during the spring bloom and at non-bloom stations in the English Channel and Celtic Sea between 6 and 12 April 2002. Non-bloom sites were characterised by a dominance of pro-/eukaryotic phytoplankton <20 μm, higher abundance of heterotrophic nanoflagellates, microzooplankton standing stocks ranging between 60 and 380 mg C m−2, lower mesozooplankton diversity and copepod abundance of between 760 and 2600 ind m−3. Within the bloom, the phytoplankton community was typically dominated by larger cells with low abundance of pro-/eukaryotes. Heterotrophic nanoflagellate cell bio-volume decreased leading to a reduction in biomass whereas microzooplankton biomass increased (360–1500 mg C m−2) due to an increase in cell bio-volume and copepod abundance ranged between 1400 and 3800 ind m−3. Mesozooplankton diversity increased with an increase in productivity. Relationships between the plankton community and environmental data were examined using multivariate statistics and these highlighted significant differences in the abiotic variables, the pro-/eukaryotic phytoplankton communities, heterotrophic nanoflagellate, microzooplankton and total zooplankton communities between the bloom and non-bloom sites. The variables which best described variation in the microzooplankton community were temperature and silicate. The spatial variation in zooplankton diversity was best explained by temperature. This study provides an insight into the changes that occur between trophic levels within the plankton in response to the spring bloom in this area. 相似文献
1000.
E. Sañé E. Isla A. Grémare J. Gutt G. Vétion D.J. DeMaster 《Journal of Sea Research》2011,65(1):94-102
In March 2002, 3200 km2 of the Larsen B ice shelf collapsed off the Eastern Antarctic Peninsula (EAP). In the austral summer of 2006, sea floor sediment was recovered beneath the extinct Larsen B ice shelf and in a region off the Northern Antarctic Peninsula (NAP), which has been free of ice shelves for more than 1000 yr. To assess changes in the chemical composition of the sediment after ice shelf collapses, chlorophylls and pheophytins were measured in sediment cores at six stations. This is the first time that chlorophyll pigments have been analysed in sediment samples from regions under recently collapsed ice shelves. Five years after the ice shelf collapse, Chla and Chlc concentrations were similar in the interfacial sediment (upper 1 cm) of NAP and EAP regions. However, in EAP Chla and Chlc concentrations decreased more rapidly with depth in the sediment column and were negligible below 2 cm depth. The high Chla to Pheoa ratios indicated that sedimentary pigments found in EAP had undergone limited degradation suggesting that they were locally produced rather than laterally advected. Complementary information from excess 210Pb activity and diatom valve distributions provided further evidence that the pigment fluxes to the seabed in EAP took place only after the ice shelf collapse. 相似文献