Challenges in the Detection and Attribution of Northern Hemisphere Surface Temperature Trends Since 1850     

Ronan Connolly  Willie Soon  Michael Connolly  Sallie Baliunas  Johan Berglund  C. J. Butler  Rodolfo Gustavo Cionco  Ana G. Elias  Valery M. Fedorov  Hermann Harde  Gregory W. Henry  Douglas V. Hoyt  Ole Humlum  David R. Legates  Nicola Scafetta  Jan-Erik Solheim  László Szarka  Víctor M. Velasco Herrera  Hong Yan  Weijia Zhang 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2023,(10):369-388

Since 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) has heavily relied on the comparison between global climate model hindcasts and global surface temperature(ST) estimates for concluding that post-1950s global warming is mostly human-caused. In Connolly et al., we cautioned that this approach to the detection and attribution of climate change was highly dependent on the choice of Total Solar Irradiance(TSI) and ST data sets.We compiled 16 TSI and five ST data sets and found by alter...  相似文献   

Validation of Foreground Emission Model using GALEX Medium Observations     

Nimmi Narayanan  Shivashankar S.Menon  N.V.Sujatha 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2023,(6):230-239

The study of diffuse ultraviolet(UV) background radiation is vital in the investigation of stellar and galactic evolution. Space-based UV observations are comprised of both foreground and background radiations. The foreground emission in an observation is a result of solar contamination in the direction of observation. In our previous work, we modeled airglow(one of the major constituents of the foreground emission) as a function of10.7 cm Solar Flux and Sun Angle with great accuracy using GALEX...  相似文献   

Lead contamination of small cetaceans in European waters--the use of stable isotopes for identifying the sources of lead exposure     

Caurant F  Aubail A  Lahaye V  Van Canneyt O  Rogan E  López A  Addink M  Churlaud C  Robert M  Bustamante P 《Marine environmental research》2006,62(2):131-148

Lead concentrations and isotopic composition have been measured in bone and teeth of small cetaceans belonging to three species (Delphinus delphis, Phocoena phocoena and Stenella coeruleoalba), to evaluate the toxicological risk and to determine sources of lead in the European waters. Lead concentrations, far lower than threshold value inducing toxic effects in human, were higher in teeth than in bones, but highly correlated between the two tissues (r=0.92, p<0.001). Large variations of 206Pb/207Pb values in bone tissue showed that cetaceans must be submitted to various atmospheric influences. No geographical differences appeared which is consistent with studies on their distribution indicating seasonal movements between Brittany waters and the Bay of Biscay. The negative correlation between 206Pb/207Pb ratios and age of the individuals reflected the decrease in the production of alkyl lead in Europe, i.e., the increasing use of unleaded gasoline.  相似文献   

Does sediment grain size affect diatom grazing by harpacticoid copepods?     

De Troch M  Houthoofd L  Chepurnov V  Vanreusel A 《Marine environmental research》2006,61(3):265-277

Estuarine soft sediments support a diverse group of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms though the role of the sediment per se for the functioning of these organisms remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to test the effect of sediment grain size on the grazing activities of harpacticoid copepods. In controlled experiments, two common intertidal harpacticoid species (Paramphiascella fulvofasciata and Nitokra spinipes) were each offered a mix of two benthic diatom species (Navicula phyllepta and Seminavis robusta) in different sedimentary conditions. Several microcosms were created using a variety of sediment types, including fine silt (<63 microm), coarser grained sands (125-250, 250-450, 100-300 microm), artificial 'sediments' of glass beads (250-500, 2000 microm) and even the absence of sediment was tested. The diatoms were enriched in the stable carbon (13)C to facilitate tracing in the harpacticoids. Both copepod species were able to graze on the diatoms with highest uptake when sediment was absent. In contrast, both harpacticoid species showed no uptake in silty conditions. In general, grazing was favoured when mean sediment grain size increased. The strong negative effect of fine grains on the grazer's efficiency can be explained by the resulting differences in the structure (and accessibility) of the diatom biofilm on the one hand and the mobility of the grazer on the other hand. In view of the subtle equilibrium between primary producers and grazers, these results might have important implications for the effect of siltation of tidal flats due to, e.g., human activities.  相似文献   

中国数字地震台网(CDSN)和IMS/PS台阵的监测定位能力评估   总被引：12，自引：6，他引：6  

郝春月  郑重  郭燕平  周公威  张爽 《地震地磁观测与研究》2006,27(2):56-63

根据近震震级(ML)和远震震级(Ms)公式,估算了中国数字地震台网(CDSN)对近震和远震的定位能力,并把IMS／PS台阵(海拉尔台阵与兰州台阵)作为加强台站,与CDSN一并估算了其联合定位能力,此后,对两个定位能力结果做了比较。  相似文献   

A pilot survey on antimicrobial activity and diversity of soil-derived actinobacteria from different depths in Gudzhirganskoe saline lake in Eastern Siberia     

Qin YANG  Puyu GUO  Elena Y.ABIDUEVA  Elena V.LAVRENTYEVA  Irina M.LISEVICH  Ilya A.OSTERMAN  Petr V.SERGIEV  Shaowei LIU  Chunmei XUE  Chenghang SUN 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2023,(4):1307-1320

To explore pharmaceutical actinobacteria from salty environments in Siberia, 8 soil samples were collected from different depths of Gudzhirganskoe saline lake, the Republic of Buryatia, Russia.Totally, 635 actinobacterial strains affiliated with 21 genera in 12 families of 7 orders were obtained by culture-dependent approaches. The predominant genus was Streptomyces(74.5%), followed by Microbacterium(4.9%), Agromyces(3.5%), Nocardiopsis(3.0%), and Kitasatospora(2.5%). Seven strains showed relati...  相似文献   

中国海洋枝角类的初步研究 Ⅰ.分类   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郑重  陈孝麟 《海洋与湖沼》1966,8(2):168-179

海洋枝角类是一类小型低等浮游甲壳动物。全世界只有11种。论种数,虽远不如淡水枝角类那么多,但到了繁殖盛季(一般是7—9月),数量却很可观,常成为很多摄食浮游动物的经济鱼类的饵料。从这一角度来看,它和渔业的关系是相当密切的。此外,某些种类的分布在一定程度上反映了当地水域的水文特性。这对协助探索水团与海流的来龙去脉,也有一定参考价值。近百年来,在国外,有关海洋枝角类分类方面的论文,已经发表很多,其中以的论文较为突出。她将黑海的7种枝角类的分类特征作了详尽描述,并将海洋枝角类的一般形态、生殖、发育,以及进化等各个方面作了全面的介绍。但在我国,这类  相似文献   

台湾海峡浮游桡足类的分布   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑重  李少菁  李松  陈柏云 《台湾海峡》1982,(1)

桡足类是海洋浮游生物的重要组成部分,不但种类多、数量大、分布广,而且是水域食物网中的一个重要环节,是许多经济鱼类特别是幼鱼的主要饵料,同时,有些桡足类还可作为海流或水团的指示种。因此,浮游桡足类的分布研究,在理论上和实践上都具有重要意义。关于台湾海峡的浮游桡足类,过去国内、外学者曾有一些零星报道,但尚缺乏系统的调查研究,主要有Giesbrecht(1889)、Mori(1932,1937)、Yamada(1933)、Tan(1970)、郑重等(1955,1965,1978,1979)、陈清潮等(1965,1974)、厦门大学生物系等(1960),以及闽南—台湾浅滩渔场调查(1975—1978)和福建省科委海洋组等的福建中、南部凋查(1961—1964);最近,还有黄加祺等(1981)的九龙江河口区的调查。  相似文献   

Seasonal variations of phytoplankton diversity in the Coleroon coastal waters, southeast coast of India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Thillai Rajasekar K  Rajkumar M  SUN Jun  Ashok Prabu V  Perumal P 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(5):97-108

The results of an investigation carried out during June 2005 to May 2007 on physico-chemical parameters,species composition and community structure of phytoplankton including Chlorophyll a(Chl-a) at the Coleroon coastal waters(Southeast coast of India) are reported.Air and surface water temperatures(°C) varied from 25.1 to 30.1 and from 24.5 to 28.5 respectively.Salinity values varied from 6 to 28.5 and the pH ranged between 7.0 and 8.3.Variation in dissolved oxygen content was from 3.1 to 7.5 mg/dm-3 while the light extinction coefficient values(LEC) ranged between 3.1 and 10.1 cm.The ranges of inorganic nutrients(μmol/dm-3) viz.,nitrate,nitrite,phosphate and silicate were 10.1-23.4,1.2-8.9,0.2-3.1 and 55-125,respectively.The ranges of Chlorophyll a(μg/dm-3) values was 2.0-7.5.Presently,124 phytoplankton species representing different classes viz:Bacillariophyceae(77),Dinophyceae(19),Cyanophyceae(15),Chlorophyceae(10) and Chrysophyceae(3) were recorded.The phytoplankton cell abundance varied from 0.290 to 111.662 cells/cm-3,with peak diversity(3.38 bits/ind.) during summer season.The maximum abundance was found during summer season coinciding with the stable hydrographical conditions.The seasonal distribution and abundance of phytoplankton are discussed in relation to hydrographical parameters.Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) was applied in this paper for discriminating environmental factors having effect on phytoplankton community at species level.Coleroon coastal water is subjected to long term fluctuations in physico-chemical parameters depending upon the seasonal tidal amplitude and freshwater influx resulting in a continuous exchange of organic,inorganic,plant and animal matters.  相似文献   

Methodology for the diagnostics of soil polygenesis on the basis of macro- and micromorphological studies     

T.V.Tursina 《山地科学学报》2009,6(2):125-131

A methodology for studying soil polygenesis and lithological homogeneity of soil profiles is suggested. This methodology is particularly important for mountain soils, where the lithological heterogeneity of the soil profiles created by denudation and accumulation processes is often observed. The methodology includes several stages： （a） the study of the lithological homogeneity/ heterogeneity of soil profiles by field and laboratory methods, （b） the stage-by-stage macro-, meso-, micro-, and submicromorphological analyses of soil profiles with additional use of the methods of neighboring sciences, and （e） the subdivision of soil features into the groups of recent and inherited （relict） features. In the latter group, the subgroups of lithorelict features inherited from the parent material and pedorelict features inherited from the previous stages of soil formation can be distinguished. Two major models of soil polygenesis are suggested. Simple models describe the soils, in which new features appear due to the changes in the environmental conditions in the course of soil evolution. Complex models describe the soils, in which such changes are combined with deposition of new portions of sediments onto the soil surface with the development of buried soil horizons （the synlithogenie pedogenesis）. The models of continuous and discontinuous synlithogenic pedogenesis can be further distinguished. It is argued that the micromorphological method applied to the studies on soil mierofabrics, microforms of soil humus, soil porosity, coatings, and various pedo- and lithorelict features yields valuable information on polygenetic soils.  相似文献