KARSTIC: a sensitivity method for carbonate aquifers in karst terrain   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

A. Davis  A. Long  M. Wireman 《Environmental Geology》2002,42(1):65-72

. Groundwater in karstic aquifers can be dangerously sensitive to contamination. Many cities in the western USA rely on karstic carbonate aquifers for municipal water supplies. For example, Rapid City, South Dakota, pumps more than half of its drinking water from wells in the Madison Limestone. This work examined the sensitivity of karstic aquifers to surface contamination in mountainous terrain. Where karstic carbonate aquifers are exposed at their outcrop areas, they are particularly susceptible to the introduction of contamination through diffuse recharge or through point recharge at swallow holes along streams. Residential developments in mountainous regions of the western USA are encroaching on the recharge areas of karstic aquifers. Many of these residential developments are served by onsite wastewater disposal systems such as septic tanks and drain fields, with the attendant danger of introduction of pathogens from malfunctioning treatment systems above fractured limestone which offers little filtering. Where streams disappear into karstic aquifers at swallow holes, microbial contaminants such as Giardia or Cryptosporidium are a concern, as well as potential spills, leaks, or accidents along roads near these streams. The KARSTIC method developed and modified in this work puts greater emphasis on karst features than previous sensitivity procedures such as the US Environmental Protection Agency's DRASTIC method. The modified method gives increased attention to highly sensitive areas of karstic carbonate aquifers by weighting the synergistic effects of fracturing, karst development, and swallow holes of recharging streams. In a field application, hydrogeologic maps of a watershed in the Black Hills, USA, were digitized into a geographic information system. The resulting sensitivity map and report can be used by planners, managers, and the public as a screening tool for assessing groundwater sensitivity in regions which include karstic aquifers.  相似文献   

分形在地貌学中应用的几个问题的分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李锰  朱令人  龙海英 《地震研究》2002,25(2):155-162

就实际地貌分形研究工作中经常遇到的截面约定、自仿射分形局域维与渡越长度、分维的比较以及过渡分形等几个问题进行了分析和探讨，并提出了在应用过程中的注意事项和解决方案。  相似文献   

城市震害高危害小区的研究和GIS的实现技术   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

帅向华  成小平  袁一凡 《地震》2002,22(3):113-119

论述了在城市地震灾害中如何考虑诸方面因素来评价城市的灾害轻重分布情况。中建立坑危害小区分析模型，设想将城市划分等面积网格，给每个单元网格赋予灾害指数，以确定城市中受灾较为严重的区域，为求灾指挥提供决策信息。同时，将高危害小区的模型研究结果转化为计算机技术可以实现的GIS模型。该研究结果已应用于泰安市防震减灾示范研究项目中。  相似文献   

Earthquake—generating Structure Revealed by 1999 Sichuan mianzhu Earthquake Sequence with Ms=5.0     

Zhao Zhu  Wang Bilan  Long Sisheng 《中国地震研究》2002,16(2):147-154

Through the accurate determination of hypocenter location,the measurement of the main focal mechanism solutions and the analyses of time dependent processes for Sichuan Mianzhu earthquake sequence with Ms=5.0 occurred along the middle segment of Longmenshan fault zone on November 30,1999,the distribution of focal depth section,the stress relase and seismicity features are given to reveal the earthquake-geneating structure of the earthquake sequence.The obtained results show the activity features for this sequence as follows:(1) There is no obvious foreshock,the accumulated strain energy releases in nearly pulse way,fluctuation of the seismic activity level is not quite evident during the duration of the sequence,and the statistical relation between the large events and the small events is less compatible with the traditional G-R estimation;(2) The epicenters of the earthquake sequence are not distributed on the main Longmenshan piedmont faults emerging out ground,but near the hidden Longmenshan piedmont faults.The direction of epicenter distribution is not very coincident with the fault strikes.The microscopic epicenters are relatively far from the macroscopic epicenters,The focal depths range from 5km to 16km;(3) The fractures of focal fault plane with the NE strike appear out the strike-slip displacement with a few overthrust components under the major principal compressive stress of NNE direction.From these,we consider it should be paid more attentions to the underground hidden faults near the ground fault zone on a large scale for their generating earthquake risk.  相似文献   

新疆北部降水的气候分布特片及其对ENSO的响应   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

魏香  陈菊英 《地球物理学进展》2002,17(4):753-759

分析研究了新疆北部地区近50年（1951-2000年）全年各月降水的气候分布特征和各季降水的年际变化规律，重点揭示了北疆多雨季节（4-7月）及其各月降水量对赤道东太平洋的海温SST和南方涛动指数SOI的显著响应关系，并用前期SST和SOI作为预报因子，建立了北疆地区雨季水量的预报方程。该方程可用于北疆地区雨季降水量的长期预报。  相似文献   

金沙江干热河谷土地荒漠化评价方法研究   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7  

范建容  刘淑珍  钟祥浩  李勇 《地理科学》2002,22(2):243-248

什么样的退化土地才是荒漠化土地，土地荒漠化的发生发展以及程度和区别等问题的定量确定，至今有关报道甚少。干热河谷是我国西南地区特殊的生态环境类型，自然资源丰富，但土地荒漠化问题十分突出，这一现象的定量认识尤为重要。针对土地景观生态系统的复杂和模糊性，在建立评价指标的基础上，采用模糊综合评判的方法，对土地荒漠化程度进行定量评价，为荒漠化土地的预防和防治提供科学依据和决策支持。  相似文献   

长春市旅游产品开发研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

唐顺英  崔庠  李广全 《地域研究与开发》2002,21(4):82-86

搞好长春市旅游产品的开发与设计对其旅游业的发展极为重要，长春市旅游资源类型多样，内容丰富，主要有生态旅游资源，电影文化旅游资源，产业旅游资源，殖民遗迹旅游资源，辽金文化旅游资源等五大资源优势。文章在分析这些资源优势的基础上，结合长春市国内外旅游客源市场的背景与现状，提出了旅游产品开发的具体思路，即在今后的开发中应突出地方特色。增强参与性，以七大旅游产品系列为依托，重点开发冰雪旅游，生态旅游，文化旅游和产业旅游。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯高原景观格局变化分析--以伊金霍洛旗为例     

贾宝全  孙鹏森  王国  慈龙骏 《干旱区地理》2003,26(3):202-207

以位于内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原上的伊金霍洛旗为研究区域，以景观生态学的数量分析方法为基本手段，在土地利用现状分类体系下，以其1984、1991和1998年3个年度的土地利用图为基础。从区域和斑块类型两个尺度上，对其景观格局进行了数量分析。结果表明，在三个典型年度。天然草地为伊金霍洛旗的景观基质，景观格局指数的所有变化均是在此基础上发生和演变的。从整个景观尺度的格局指数变化情况显示，伊金霍洛旗景观的破碎化程度在增加；同时景观的异质性程度在下降，景观愈来愈有少数景观斑块类型所控制。而在斑块类型这一尺度上的格局指数变化说明，不同类型斑块的复杂性的变化趋势基本相同，即均有不同程度的增长，但增加幅度有限；同时还说明，不同类型斑块内部其大小差异的幅度在不断缩小。但从不同年度的变化情况来看，无论是区域还是不同的斑块类型，其格局指数的变化并不与总体的变化趋势同步。  相似文献   

宁芜地区大平山铜矿、天台山黄铁矿与古火山机构关系的探讨     

侯龙海 《江苏地质》2003,27(1):12-18

以大平山铜矿、天台山黄铁矿矿为例，阐述了该区的矿区、矿床地质及火山机构特征，并从成矿时间、空间及成因三个方面论述了矿床成矿与古火山机构的关系。  相似文献   

土屋-延东斑岩型铜(钼)矿床多源信息找矿模型   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

朱裕生  王福同  龙宝林  薛迎喜  肖克炎  冯京  庄道泽  姜立丰 《矿床地质》2003,22(3):287-294

为提高东天山铜镍成矿带内的矿产勘查效益，文章综合了区域成矿环境、矿床特征、地球物理场、地球化学场等成矿信息，尝试建立了土屋—延东斑岩型铜钼矿床的多源信息找矿模型。认为成矿带内铜矿资源远景良好，必将成为我国又一个铜矿资源潜力区。  相似文献