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31.
作为符山石族矿物的新成员,红河石(Hongheite,IMA 2017-027新矿物),Ca18(,Ca)2Fe2+Al4(Fe3+,Mg,Al)8(,B)4BSi18O69(O,OH)9发现于个旧世界级Sn-多金属矿田东北缘、与马拉格Sn矿床毗邻的北沙冲花岗岩(77.43Ma)内矽卡岩中。红河石常呈横径达4~25mm的放射状针-柱状集合体产出。当位于晶洞中时,红河石则呈发育良好的自形柱状晶体(0.5~4.0mm长,0.3~1.0mm宽)产出。与红河石共生的矿物见有赛黄晶、萤石、斧石-(Fe)、硅硼钙石、枪晶石、硼锡钙石、石英和羟鱼眼石-(K)等。红河石为墨绿色,条痕浅灰绿色,玻璃光泽,性脆,断口不规则。主要的晶面是:{100}、{110}、{101}和{001}。红河石的显微硬度:988.3N/mm2,相当于摩氏硬度6~7。其实测密度与计算密度分别是3.446g/cm3和3.423g/cm3。红河石一轴正晶,No=1.720(2),Ne=1.725(2);多色性弱。红河石的化学成分:SiO235.85%;TiO20.01%;Al2O311.00%;Fe2O37.92%;FeO2.14%;CaO 33.57%;MnO 0.42%;MgO 3.48%;B2O32.82%;Cr2O30.01%;Na2O 0.01%;F 0.40%(F≡O-0.17);Cl 0.14%(Cl≡O-0.03);H2O 0.75%,总量98.32%。依据晶体结构精测和Si在单位分子式中的原子数(即Si=18 apfu),计算和书写的红河石简化晶体化学式:Ca18(,Ca)2Fe2+Al4(Fe3+,Mg,Al)8(,B)4BSi18O69(O,OH)9。其三条最强粉晶线[d(?)(I/I0)(hkl)]为:2.9289(47)(004),2.7661(100)(342)和2.6079(68)(243)。红河石属四方晶系,空间群为P4/nnc,晶胞参数:a=15.667(3)?,c=11.725(1)?,V=2878(1)?3,Z=2。红河石晶体结构精测的R因子为0.063。红河石殊异于为已知的符山石族矿物种,在于其X(4)位以空位()为主、Y(3)位以Fe3+居优和T(2)位被B所占。顺便对符山石族矿物晶体-化学式的计算与书写予以讨论并提出建议。 相似文献
32.
<正>1研究目的(Objective)西藏南部的雅鲁藏布构造带发育一系列中生代蛇绿岩,这些蛇绿岩体东西展布超过2500 km,可分为西段、中段和东段。大多数蛇绿岩体出露大规模地幔橄榄岩而镁铁质岩石出露较少,且地幔橄榄岩中赋存不同规模的豆荚状铬铁矿化,如东段的罗布莎蛇绿岩体赋存大型铬铁矿床,西段的普兰和东波岩体出露小规模铬铁矿化。然而,中段日喀则蛇绿岩一直较少有铬铁矿床(化)报道。笔者近期对日喀则蛇绿岩大竹曲岩体开展了野外考察,并在地 相似文献
33.
According to the national key research and development program of China “Evolution, integrating treatment and technological demonstration of rocky desertification in karst graben basin”, the task of “ecological, environmental and geological differentiation of rocky desertification and its driving mechanism in karst graben basin” was to reveal the migration of carbon, nitrogen, calcium and water, as well as evolution process and driving mechanism of ecosystem succession and rocky desertification. In this respect, the factors of lithology, topography, ecology, hydrology, vegetation, socio-economy, meteorology, soil, etc. were studied in the demonstration areas of Mengzi and Luxi rocky desertification control. Moreover, the interaction between vegetation and hydrological processes in the typical watershed was established, and the critical period and water requirement of the ecological water demand in the watershed were established. The ecological and hydrological process of the vegetation, as well as nitrogen, calcium and water cycling, and the carbon sequestration ability of ecosystems were used to predict the evolution of ecosystem succession and rocky desertification. The results provided the theoretical basis for the rational allocation of ecological water resources and ecological restoration in rocky desertification area. 相似文献
34.
Liuting Song Cong-Qiang Liu Zhong-Liang Wang Xiangkun Zhu Yanguo Teng Lili Liang Suohan Tang Jin Li 《Chemical Geology》2011,280(1-2):170-179
Iron isotope compositions of suspended particulate matters (SPM) collected from the Aha Lake, an artificial lake in the karst area of Yun-Gui Plateau, and its tributaries in summer and winter were investigated for our understanding of the behavior of Fe isotopes during iron biogeochemical cycling in lake. δ56Fe values of SPM display statistically negative shift relative to IRMM-014. Samples from the lake display a range from ?1.36‰ to ?0.10‰ in summer and from ?0.30‰ to ?0.07‰ in winter, while river samples vary from ?0.88‰ to 0.07‰ in summer and from ?0.35‰ to ?0.03‰ in winter. The average iron isotope composition of aerosol samples is + 0.10‰, which is very similar to that of igneous rocks (0.09‰). The SPM in most rivers and water column showed seasonal variation in δ56Fe value: the δ56Fe values of SPM in summer were lower than in winter. The seasonal variation in δ56Fe value of the riverine SPM should be ascribed to the change in source of particulate Fe and geochemical process in the watershed: More particulate Fe was leached from soil and produced by weathering of pyrite widely distributed in coal-containing strata. It is suggested that both allochthonous inputs and the redox iron cycling control the variations of δ56Fe values for SPM in lake.During summer stratification, an Fe cycle named “ferrous wheel” is established near the redox boundary where the upwardly diffusing Fe(II) is oxidized and the reactive Fe oxides formed will continuously sink back into the reduction zone to complete the cycle. The δ56Fe values for SPM reach the minima, ?0.88‰ for DB station and ?1.36‰ for LJK station, just near the redox boundary as a result of the Fe cycling, where a rough 45% to 76% of Fe in these particles was produced by the repetitive cycle. Due to random transportation and diffusion, δ56Fe values of the particles near the redox zone distributed into approximately a Gaussian shape. The good negative correlation existed between δ56Fe values and Fe/Al ratios for DB station, suggesting that they together can be used as good indicators of the redox-driven Fe transformations. 相似文献
35.
蓟县下马岭组菱铁矿的成因及古海洋意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
蓟县铁岭子村附近新出露的下马岭组下部黑色岩系中富含菱铁矿,对这些菱铁矿形成机制的认识直接关系到对下马岭期乃至中元古代古海洋氧化还原状态和地球化学性质的判断.文中利用碳同位素对其成因加以制约,进而反演该时期的古海洋环境.结果显示,研究区菱铁矿的δ13C的变化范围为-19.2‰～-7.8‰,平均约-15.0‰,明显富集碳的轻同位素.根据自然界中不同碳库的碳同位素组成特征,判定这些菱铁矿中的碳主要来源于有机碳.虽然海洋中大量有机质被氧化释放出富12C的CO2溶解于海水后可直接沉淀出轻同位素富集的碳酸盐岩,但这往往要求极端氧化的水体环境,而这种情况下并不能形成菱铁矿沉淀,因此认为研究区菱铁矿应是成岩过程中由有机质降解产生的CO2与孔隙水中的Fe2结合的产物.海洋中的铁首先以氧化铁或氢氧化铁的形式沉淀下来,并与有机质一起埋藏于海底缺氧带中,后在成岩过程中发生氧化还原反应,三价铁作为氧化剂氧化有机质使之生成CO2,有机质则作为还原剂将三价铁还原为二价铁,二者结合即构成菱铁矿.同时,有机质热脱羧反应提供的CO2保证了更多的二价铁以菱铁矿的形式保存在地层中.海洋中铁的沉淀形式表明,至少在燕辽海盆,下马岭期古海洋已呈现广泛氧化状态,其氧化程度足以将海洋中的铁氧化为三价铁.同时,地层中的硫含量极低,说明该时期古海洋贫硫.然而下马岭期燕辽海盆广泛氧化、贫硫的古海洋特征不同于传统的分层海洋模式,对此有必要进行更深入系统的研究. 相似文献
36.
蓟县铁岭子村附近新出露的下马岭组下部黑色岩系中富含菱铁矿,对这些菱铁矿形成机制的认识直接关系到对下马岭期乃至中元古代古海洋氧化还原状态和地球化学性质的判断。文中利用碳同位素对其成因加以制约,进而反演该时期的古海洋环境。结果显示,这些菱铁矿的碳同位素组成变化范围为-19.2‰~-7.8‰,平均约-15.0‰,明显偏离正常海相沉积碳酸盐岩,而更接近有机质来源的碳酸盐或重碳酸根的δ13C值,说明菱铁矿碳酸根的碳主要源自于有机质。这意味着这些菱铁矿是在早期成岩过程中由三价铁的氧化物或氢氧化物转化而来,而不是直接从海水中沉淀形成。海洋中的铁首先以氧化铁或氢氧化铁的形式发生沉淀,并与有机质一起埋藏于海底缺氧带中。后在成岩过程中发生氧化还原反应,三价铁作为氧化剂氧化有机质使之生成CO2,有机质则作为还原剂将三价铁还原为二价铁,二者结合即构成菱铁矿。同时,有机质热脱羧反应提供的CO2保证了更多的二价铁以菱铁矿的形式保存在地层中。据此可推断,至少在燕辽盆地,下马岭期古海洋已呈现广泛氧化状态,其氧化程度足以将海洋中的铁氧化为三价铁。同时,地层中硫含量极低,说明该时期古海洋贫硫。下马岭期燕辽盆地这种氧化、贫硫的古海洋特征不同于传统的分层海洋模式,因此有必要进行更深入系统的研究。 相似文献
37.
湖北古城锰矿的沉淀形式及其古环境意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
古城锰矿是扬子地台北缘典型的“大塘坡”式锰矿,赋存于南华系大塘坡组含锰黑色岩系中,含锰矿物主要为菱锰矿.古城锰矿稀土总量高、类似现代海底铁锰结核的“帽式”稀土元素配分模式和Ce的正异常等地球化学指标指示古城锰矿Mn是以锰氧化物或氢氧化物形式沉淀,锰碳酸盐是后期转化而成.Fe/Mn比值低,较低的V、U含量和中等程度的Mo富集以及氧化还原敏感元素对Th/U、V/Cr、V/(V+Ni)比值等地球化学指标指示古城锰矿沉积环境为一种氧化一次氧化的状态,与锰是以锰氧化物或氢氧化物形式沉淀的结论一致.综合认为,古城锰矿成矿机制包括沉淀和转化两个过程,在氧化还原分层的海洋系统中,Mn在上部氧化性的水体中以氧化物或氢氧化物形式沉淀,之后下沉被掩埋在缺氧带之下,在成岩过程中和有机物质相互作用,锰氧化物或氢氧化物被还原释放出的Mn2+和有机碳被氧化释放出的CO32-结合形成锰碳酸盐,其转化可以方程2MnO2+CH2O+HCO3-=2MnCO3+H2O+OH-简单表示. 相似文献
38.
Investigation of matrix effects in the MC-ICP-MS induced by Nb, W, and Cu: Isotopic case studies of iron and copper 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Some elements normally occur at trace levels while the majority of natural geological materials may be exceedingly enriched in some special cases, such as the Bayan Obo ore deposit where REE and Nb are extremely enriched. These elements may not be removed completely during purification. Therefore, matrix effects will be caused during stable isotope ratio measurement in the MC-ICP-MS. Experiments have shown that the established methods of chromatographic separation of Cu, Fe, and Zn using AG MP-1 Anion Exchange Resin cannot make ef-fective separation of Nb, W, and Cu from Fe using 20 mL 6 M HCl. It is also observed that the elution curves of W and Cu overlap at working conditions and thus W is present in measurable amounts in some sample solutions. Matrix effects in the MC-ICP-MS induced by Nb, W, and Cu during Fe isotope ratio measurements and by W during Cu isotope ratio measurements were thus investigated by examining their changes in delta values between doped and undoped standards. The results show that the effects of the matrix elements Nb, W, or Cu on Fe isotope ratio measurements are minimal in the case of m(Nb)/m(Fe)<0.005, m(W)/m(Fe)<0.01, or m(Cu)/m(Fe)<0.6. This finding, combined with the extremely low levels of W and Cu, and the fact that nearly 90% of Nb can be removed during purification, demonstrates that the methods of chromatographic separation of Fe established before are suitable for Bayan Obo ore samples and that the methods can be simplified when Cu elution is unnecessary. The effects of the matrix element W on Cu isotope determinations are minimal in the case of m(W)/m(Cu)<0.7. Therefore, W exerts no significant effect on the measurements of Cu isotopes for the majority of natural geological materials. 相似文献
39.
Si Chen Kai Zhao Tao Jiang Xiaofeng Li Xingming Zheng Xiangkun Wan Xiaowei Zhao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(6):986-997
Soil surface roughness, denoted by the root mean square height(RMSH), and soil moisture(SM) are critical factors that affect the accuracy of quantitative remote sensing research due to their combined influence on spectral reflectance(SR). In regards to this issue, three SM levels and four RMSH levels were artificially designed in this study; a total of 12 plots was used, each plot had a size of 3 m × 3 m. Eight spectral observations were conducted from 14 to 30 October 2017 to investigate the correlation between RMSH, SM, and SR. On this basis, 6 commonly used bands of optical satellite sensors were selected in this study, which are red(675 nm), green(555 nm), blue(485 nm), near infrared(845 nm), shortwave infrared 1(1600 nm), and shortwave infrared 2(2200 nm). A negative correlation was found between SR and RMSH, and between SR and SM. The bands with higher coefficient of determination R~2 values were selected for stepwise multiple nonlinear regression analysis. Four characterized bands(i.e., blue, green, near infrared, and shortwave infrared 2) were chosen as the independent variables to estimate SM with R~2 and root mean square error(RMSE) values equal to 0.62 and 2.6%, respectively. Similarly, the four bands(green, red, near infrared, and shortwave infrared 1) were used to estimate RMSH with R~2 and RMSE values equal to 0.48 and 0.69 cm, respectively. These results indicate that the method used is not only suitable for estimating SM but can also be extended to the prediction of RMSH. Finally, the evaluation approach presented in this paper highly restores the real situation of the natural farmland surface on the one hand, and obtains high precision values of SM and RMSH on the other. The method can be further applied to the prediction of farmland SM and RMSH based on satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) optical imagery. 相似文献
40.
2006年大连沙尘天气机理分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用颗粒物质量浓度、降尘、卫星遥感以及激光雷达气溶胶消光系数监测等资料分析,结合沙尘天气物理量场分析,揭示出大连沙尘天气特征和动力机制.结果显示,沙尘天气空气中可吸入颗粒物浓度显著增高,沙尘对空气中总悬浮颗粒物浓度有显著贡献,并且增加城市的自然降尘量.经过大连上空传输的沙尘高度一般在4km以下,普遍分布在1～3km之间;沙尘气溶胶消光系数最大值超过2.0km-1;沙尘影响地面时,近地面附近气溶胶消光系数超过0.5km-1,强沙尘过程超过1.3km-1.大连的沙尘天气是在高空西风或西北风急流对沙尘的搬运前提下产生,大连附近锋面后部的下滑运动是地面沙尘浓度增高的主要原因;锋后下滑气流越强,地面沙尘污染越重. 相似文献