Eco-environmental change detection by using remote sensing and GIS techniques: a case study Basrah province, south part of Iraq   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

Mushtak T. Jabbar  Xinping Zhou 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(5):1397-1407

This study examines the temporal and spatial dynamics of eco-environment degradation processes and change detection as evident from land use survey datasets (1990–2003) for the Basrah province, Iraq was taken as a case. Using a combination of techniques of RS, GIS, and GPS, the study identifies five prominent eco-environment degradation processes, namely: desertification, secondary salinization, urbanization, vegetation degradation, and loss of wetlands. Rates of conversion were calculated and distribution patterns were mapped with the aid of GIS. The results suggest that wind erosion was the dominant cause of eco-environment degradation in more than half of the study area. Coupled with this were increases in salinization processes, affecting 17.6% of the land area in 2003. Overall, severe eco-environment degradation was noticed to be the dominant eco-environment degradation grade (61.9% of total area), followed by moderate eco-environment degradation (18.9% of total area) in 2003. Incorporation of both natural and anthropogenic factors in the analysis provided realistic assessment of the risk of land degradation. The study area, in general, is exposed to a high-risk of eco-environment degradation.  相似文献   

Application of a step-by-step fingerprinting identification method on a spilled oil accident in the Bohai Sea area     

Peiyan Sun  Zhenhui Gao  Lixin Cao  Xinping Wang  Qing Zhou  Yuhui Zhao  Guangmei Li 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2011,10(1):35-41

In recent years, oil spill accidents occur frequently in the marine area of China. Finding out the spilled oil source is a key step in the relevant investigation. In this paper, a step-by-step fingerprinting identification method was used in a spilled oil accident in the Bohai Sea in 2002. Advanced chemical fingerprinting and data interpretation techniques were used to characterize the chemical composition and determine the possible sources of two spilled oil samples. The original gas chromatography -flame ionization detection (GC-FID) chromatogram of saturated hydrocarbons was compared. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) chromatograms of aromatic hydrocarbons terpane and sterane, n-alkane and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed. The correlation analysis on diagnostic ratios was performed with Student’s t-test. It is found that the oil fingerprinting of the spilled oil (designated as sz1) from the polluted sand beach was identical with the suspected oil (designated as ky1) from a nearby crude oil refinery factory. They both showed the fingerprinting character of mixed oil. The oil fingerprinting of the spilled oil (designated as ms1) collected from the port was significantly different from oil ky1 and oil sz1 and was with a lubricating oil fingerprint character. The identification result not only gave support for the spilled oil investigation, but also served as an example for studying spilled oil accidents.  相似文献   

INFLUENCE OF SEA－AIR INTERACTION ON THEDISCHARGE OF FLOOD SEASON IN THEUPPER REACHES OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER     

章新平  范钟秀  周恩济 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1994,4(1):31-42

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Cycloartane triterpenes from marine green alga Cladophora fascicularis     

黄新苹朱校斌  邓莉萍邓志威 林文翰 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2006,24(4):443-448

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叠合型不整合结构与油气分布样式：以塔中石炭系东河砂岩为例     

王涛  徐怀民  邓西里  董少群  江同文  周新平  黄娅 《现代地质》2018,32(6):1150

探讨了东河砂岩三级层序界面处发育的不整合结构在空间上有序分布所造成油气的差异运聚。将东河砂岩划分为底部不整合上覆层、原状输导层、风化残余层、风化黏土层、顶部不整合上覆层和区域盖层6类成藏结构单元。成藏结构单元在塔中西北地区和塔中东南地区组成不同,构成两类7种不整合成藏结构样式。两类成藏结构样式分别对应两类的油气藏组合:(1)在塔中地区西北部成藏结构单元被分隔,油气沿东河砂岩段顶部风化黏土层及盖层底部发生运移,形成不整合遮挡型油气藏组合,包括不整合上覆层背斜油气藏、不整合上覆层岩性油气藏和风化残余层低幅背斜油气藏3种油气藏;(2)在东南地区成藏结构单元之间发生连通,油气底部不整合上覆层和盖层底部向隆起部位侧向输导,形成不整合连通型油气藏组合,包括连通型背斜油气藏和连通型地层超覆油气藏2种油气藏。这为东河砂岩的进一步勘探开发提供了指导。  相似文献   

Enhanced lakebed sediment erosion in Dongting Lake induced by the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir     

ZHOU Yongqiang  LI Jingbao  ZHANG Yunlin  ZHANG Xinping  LI Xichun 《地理学报(英文版)》2015,25(8)

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季风区长沙站大气水汽和降水中δ18O的模拟     

章新平  关华德  张新主  吴华武  李广  黄一民 《冰川冻土》2015,37(1):249-257

利用稳定同位素大气水平衡模式(i AWBM)模拟了季风区长沙站大气水汽和降水中δ18O的时间变化,并与实际监测结果进行比较,其目的在于检验i AWBM在模拟季风区大气中水稳定同位素循环方面的能力,揭示影响水稳定同位素变化的主要原因,改善对季风区水循环中稳定同位素效应的理解和认识.模拟结果很好地再现了长沙降水中δ18O的季节变化,季风区降水中稳定同位素雨季被贫化旱季被富集的基本特点以及存在的显著降水量效应均被模拟出.在2010年1月-2012年12月,模拟的冬季风盛行期间的加权平均δ18O为-6.58‰,与该时段的实际监测值相当;模拟的夏季风盛行期间的加权平均δ18O为-9.58‰,低于该时段的实际监测值.i AWBM主要利用大气的可降水量、水汽通量、蒸发量和降水量4个驱动变量来模拟水稳定同位素的循环.其中,可降水量对水稳定同位素变化的贡献被包含在其他3个驱动变量中.水汽通量对水汽同位素变化的贡献具有富集和贫化的双重作用,蒸发量和降水量对水汽同位素变化的贡献分别具有富集和贫化的作用.在对水汽同位素起富集作用的两个因子中,水汽通量的平均同位素贡献为1.66‰,贡献率为63.97%;蒸发量的平均同位素贡献为0.91‰,贡献率为36.03%,水汽通量的同位素贡献起主要作用.在对水汽同位素起贫化作用的两个因子中,水汽通量的平均同位素贡献为-1.40‰,贡献率为53.47%;降水量的平均同位素贡献为-1.09‰,贡献率为46.53%,水汽通量和降水量的同位素贡献大致相当.  相似文献   

湖南湘中地区一次暴雨及大暴雨过程分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张剑明  章新平  蔡秀峰  张庆云 《干旱气象》2013,(1):117-125

利用NCEP的1°×1°再分析资料、FY2E卫星云图TBB资料、雷达资料、常规天气资料以及加密自动雨量站资料,对2010年5月13日湖南省湘中地区一次大暴雨天气过程的环流背景、物理量场、卫星雷达资料等进行了天气学诊断分析。结果表明:高空南支槽和中低层切变是这次大暴雨天气过程的主要影响系统,西南低空急流为大暴雨的产生提供了充沛的水汽条件;低层强辐合,高层强辐散的配置,使垂直上升运动得到了发展和加强,低层水汽迅速向上输送,同时引起热量、动量的垂直输送,为大暴雨的形成提供有利的动力和热力条件。  相似文献   

The extreme Arctic warm anomaly in November 2020          下载免费PDF全文

Qiyao Fan  Xinping Xu  Shengping He  Botao Zhou 《大气和海洋科学快报》2022,15(5):100260

In November 2020, the eastern Arctic experienced an extensive extreme warm anomaly (i.e., the second strongest case since 1979), which was followed by extreme cold conditions over East Asia in early winter. The observed Arctic warm anomaly in November 2020 was able to extend upwards to the upper troposphere, characterized as a deep Arctic warm anomaly. In autumn 2020, substantial Arctic sea-ice loss that exceeded the record held since 1979, accompanied by increased upward turbulent heat flux, was able to strongly warm the Arctic. Furthermore, there was abundant northward moisture transport into the Arctic from the North Atlantic, which was the strongest in the past four decades. This extreme moisture intrusion was able to enhance the downward longwave radiation and strongly contribute to the warm conditions in the Arctic. Further analysis indicated that the remote moisture intrusion into the Arctic was promoted by the large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns, such as the wave train propagating from the midlatitude North Atlantic to the Arctic. This process may have been linked to the warmer sea surface temperature in the midlatitude North Atlantic.摘要2020年11月北极东部显著偏暖, 表面气温暖异常为1979年以来第二强, 且北极表层偏暖可以延伸至对流层上层. 本文进一步研究了此次北极极端偏暖的可能原因. 2020年秋季北极海冰大幅减少, 11月从北大西洋向北极的水汽输送显著增加, 且二者的变化幅度均超过了1979年以来的最高纪录, 进而导致北极出现极端暖异常. 此外, 从中纬度向北极的Rossby波传播有利于向极水汽输送增加, 且此过程可能与北大西洋中纬度海温异常有关.  相似文献   

荒漠地区土壤初始状况对水平入渗的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王新平  康尔泗  李新荣  张景光忖 《地球科学进展》2003,18(4):592-596

通过对沙坡头荒漠地区人工植被固沙区生物土壤结皮与固沙区外天然沙丘沙以及天然植被红砂、珍珠分布区砂粘土在不同初始含水率（θ_i）条件下土壤水平入渗过程的对比试验研究,探讨土壤质地以及θ i对水平入渗系数（λ_f）、剖面平均含水率（θ_m）状况的影响。生物土壤结皮对降水入渗量的截持作用大于沙丘沙,因而将显著地改变降水入渗过程中土壤水分的再分配格局,减少降水对深层土壤（沙丘沙）的有效补给。通过对土壤剖面平均含水率θ_m与距离湿润锋前缘0～5 cm、5～10 cm处体积含水率θ_fA、θ_fB比较,生物土壤结皮的θ_m、θ_fA和θ_fB分别约为沙丘沙的1．5倍。  相似文献