A fundamental theorem for eco-environmental surface modelling and its applications   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yue  Tianxiang  Zhao  Na  Liu  Yu  Wang  Yifu  Zhang  Bin  Du  Zhengping  Fan  Zemeng  Shi  Wenjiao  Chen  Chuanfa  Zhao  Mingwei  Song  Dunjiang  Wang  Shihai  Song  Yinjun  Yan  Changqing  Li  Qiquan  Sun  Xiaofang  Zhang  Lili  Tian  Yongzhong  Wang  Wei  Wang  Ying’an  Ma  Shengnan  Huang  Hongsheng  Lu  Yimin  Wang  Qing  Wang  Chenliang  Wang  Yuzhu  Lu  Ming  Zhou  Wei  Liu  Yi  Yin  Xiaozhe  Wang  Zong  Bao  Zhengyi  Zhao  Miaomiao  Zhao  Yapeng  Jiao  Yimeng  Naseer  Ufra  Fan  Bin  Li  Saibo  Yang  Yang  Wilson  John P. 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(8):1092-1112

We propose a fundamental theorem for eco-environmental surface modelling(FTEEM) in order to apply it into the fields of ecology and environmental science more easily after the fundamental theorem for Earth's surface system modeling(FTESM). The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region is taken as a case area to conduct empirical studies of algorithms for spatial upscaling, spatial downscaling, spatial interpolation, data fusion and model-data assimilation, which are based on high accuracy surface modelling(HASM), corresponding with corollaries of FTEEM. The case studies demonstrate how eco-environmental surface modelling is substantially improved when both extrinsic and intrinsic information are used along with an appropriate method of HASM. Compared with classic algorithms, the HASM-based algorithm for spatial upscaling reduced the root-meansquare error of the BTH elevation surface by 9 m. The HASM-based algorithm for spatial downscaling reduced the relative error of future scenarios of annual mean temperature by 16%. The HASM-based algorithm for spatial interpolation reduced the relative error of change trend of annual mean precipitation by 0.2%. The HASM-based algorithm for data fusion reduced the relative error of change trend of annual mean temperature by 70%. The HASM-based algorithm for model-data assimilation reduced the relative error of carbon stocks by 40%. We propose five theoretical challenges and three application problems of HASM that need to be addressed to improve FTEEM.  相似文献   

Prediction of $$\hbox {PM}_{2.5}$$PM2.5 concentration based on weighted bagging and image contrast-sensitive features     

Qiao  Junfei  He  Zengzeng  Du  Shengli 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2020,34(3):561-573

Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment - In this paper, we propose an effective method of $$\hbox {PM}_{2.5}$$ prediction based on image contrast-sensitive features and weighted...  相似文献   

Spatial Variability of Nitrate and Ammonium in Pleistocene Aquifer of Central Yangtze River Basin     

Yao Du  Yamin Deng  Teng Ma  Shuai Shen  Zongjie Lu  Yiqun Gan 《Ground water》2020,58(1):110-118

It becomes increasingly important and challenging for nitrogen pollution prevention to identify key controls for spatial variability of nitrogen in groundwater that could be affected by multiple factors, including anthropogenic input, groundwater flow, and local geochemistry. This study characterized spatial variability of both nitrate and ammonium in the Pleistocene aquifer of central Yangtze River Basin and assessed the effect of various factors in controlling nitrate and ammonium levels based on multiple statistical approaches (correlation, geostatistics, multiple liner regression). The results indicate that nitrate is mostly influenced by Cl⁻ that represents anthropogenic input, while Eh representing local redox state is a secondary variable influencing nitrate concentrations. The groundwater with elevated nitrate concentrations are estimated to occur mainly in areas with higher-permeability near-surface sediments which can facilitate more anthropogenic nitrate transport and less nitrate removal owing to more oxidized state. Ammonium is mostly correlated to Eh, followed by dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but only DOC improves significantly the accuracy of co-kriging prediction model. The groundwater with elevated ammonium concentrations are estimated to occur mainly in areas with more organic-rich sediments within or around the aquifer which can facilitate more ammonium release owing to natural organic matter consumption accompanying strong reducing conditions. The regional groundwater flow is not a factor significantly controlling nitrate or ammonium levels owing to flat topography and sluggish lateral flow.  相似文献   

Risks of airborne pollution accidents in a major conurbation: case study of Zhangjiakou,a host city for the 2022 Winter Olympics   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Renzhi?LiuEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Jing?Liu  Zhijiao?Zhang  Alistair?G.?L.?Borthwick  Yanpeng?Cai  Lei?Dong  Xi?Du 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2018,32(11):3257-3272

The number of airborne pollution accidents is second only to that of water-borne pollution accidents, in recorded environmental disasters. Acute casualties and public health costs have prompted many airborne pollution risk analyses. To date, few assessment methods have been carried out at regional-scale to quantify acute airborne pollution risk. Herein, a Hybrid Simulation and Risk Analysis approach, involving a systematic combination of simulation, risk ranking, and standardized analysis, is proposed at regional scale. Gaussian and heavy-gas models are utilized in the simulation process, and acute exposure limits preferentially adopted in the risk analysis. The case study shows that 34 of 243 townships in Zhangjiakou City of north China, one of the twin cities selected to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, are threatened by airborne risk sources. It is found that the accidental air pollution risk is comparatively higher in the Xuanhua and Wanquan conurbations. High-risk chemical enterprises (312–432 risk scores) are mostly located near urban areas with high population density where many people are vulnerable receptors to potential air pollution accidents. The resulting risk map indicates that acute airborne pollution from Zhangjiakou would not be a threat either to the proposed Olympic site at Chongli or to downwind Beijing.  相似文献   

The effect of amplitude scaling limits on conditional spectrum-based ground motion selection     

Wenqi Du  Chao-Lie Ning  Gang Wang 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(9):1030-1044

Amplitude scaling is commonly used to select ground motions matching a target response spectrum. In this paper, the effect of scaling limits on ground motion selection, based on the conditional spectrum framework, is investigated. Target spectra are computed for four probabilistic seismic hazard cases in Western United States, and 16 ground motion suites are selected using different scaling limits (ie, 2, 5, 10, and 15). Comparison of spectral acceleration distributions of the selected ground motion suites demonstrates that the use of a scaling limit of 2 yields a relatively poor representation of the target spectra, because of the small limit leading to an insufficient number of available ground motions. It is also shown that increasing scaling limit results in selected ground motions with generally increased distributions of Arias intensity and significant duration Ds_5-75, implying that scaling limit consideration can significantly influence the cumulative and duration characteristics of selected ground motions. The ground motion suites selected are then used as input for slope displacement and structural dynamic analyses. Comparative results demonstrate that the consideration of scaling limits in ground motion selection has a notable influence on the distribution of the engineering demand parameters calculated (ie, slope displacement and interstory drift ratio). Finally, based on extensive analyses, a scaling limit range of 3 to 5 is recommended for general use when selecting ground motion records from the NGA-West2 database.  相似文献   

鄱阳湖典型洲滩湿地水分补排关系   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

林欢  许秀丽  张奇 《湖泊科学》2017,29(1):160-175

湿地水分在地下水含水层-土壤-植物-大气界面的运移和转换是维持能量和营养物平衡的重要环节,水分运移是湿地生态水文过程研究的关键.数值模型模拟已成为水分运移研究的重要手段,然而限于复杂的湿地自然条件及有限的监测手段,部分界面水分通量连续动态变化数据的获取及定量化工作较为困难,目前应用数值模拟法于湿地水分运移研究的案例仍不多见.本文以鄱阳湖典型湿地为研究区,构建垂向一维数值模型,阐释了湖泊水位显著季节性变化条件下,湿地水分在不同界面的传输过程,量化了湿地水分的补排关系.结果表明:(1)界面水分通量季节性差异大,降雨入渗地面和根系层水分渗漏均对降雨变化响应敏感,主要集中在4—6月,分别占年总量(1450和1053 mm)的65%和73%.土面蒸发和植物蒸腾年总量为176和926 mm,土面蒸发主要受气候条件影响,植物蒸腾还与植物生长特征有关,均集中在7—8月,分别占年总量的30%和47%.深层土壤向浅层根系层的水分补给集中发生在地下水浅埋时段6—8月,占年总量(609 mm)的76%;(2)湿地植物根系层水分补排受鄱阳湖水位季节性波动影响显著.除丰水期(7—9月)主要补给为深层土壤水外,退、枯、涨水期的主要补给均为降水入渗.涨水期(4—6月)和枯水期(12—3月)的主要排泄为根系层水分渗漏,丰水期以植物蒸腾排泄为主,退水期(10—11月),土面蒸发与植物蒸腾为主要排泄,且比重相当.本文定量了鄱阳湖典型湿地不同界面水分连续交换关系,区分了土面蒸发和植物蒸腾,辨析了各界面水分的主要影响因子,研究结果有助于深入理解水分在湿地生态系统地下水含水层-土壤-植物-大气界面的相互作用机制,认识湖泊洲滩湿地水量平衡,为揭示湖泊水情变化对湿地生态的可能影响提供依据,为湿地生态水文过程研究提供重要方法和理论参考.  相似文献   

日本Mw9.0强震的高频GPS形变波特征初探     

彭懋磊  刘刚  聂兆生  杜瑞林  赵斌 《大地测量与地球动力学》2011,31(6):6-10

利用高频GPS数据长基线双差精密定位技术,获取2011年3月日本Mw9.0强震近场和远场GPS连续参考站的瞬时动态形变。分析表明：距震源较近的IGS站（USUD）的同震动态形变水平方向幅度超过60 cm,震后水平形变达到30 cm;位于远场的GPS连续参考站（JLYJ）的动态形变,清晰地给出了地震面波引起的地表形变波形。对JLYJ站的谱分析表明,地震面波引起的动态形变周期为10～17 s,并出现了两次峰值,东西向和垂向上的动态位移量远大于北南向,说明JLYJ站的形变主要由Rayleigh波及其谐波所主导,Rayleigh波的传播速度为3.5 km/s,波长约50 km。  相似文献   

过量Zn²⁺对水花生(Alternanthera philoxeroides)愈伤组织氧化胁迫及多胺代谢的影响     

汪鹏合  施国新  姜岩  陈霖  乔绪强  徐君  贾荣  田秀丽 《湖泊科学》2013,25(3):414-421

以植物组织培养技术培养的水花生愈伤组织为实验材料,研究了过量Zn2+(0、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6 mmol/L)对水花生愈伤组织的氧化损伤及多胺代谢的影响.结果表明,随着Zn2+浓度增加:(1)水花生愈伤组织的超氧阴离子产生速率和硫代巴比妥酸反应物水平显著提升,超氧化物歧化酶活性明显抑制,叶绿素a含量显著降低;(2)精氨酸脱羧酶和鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性均升高,多胺氧化酶和二胺氧化酶活性在低Zn2+浓度处升高、高Zn2+浓度处降低;(3)总腐胺和总精胺含量在低Zn2+浓度处降低、高Zn2+浓度处增加,总亚精胺含量仅在Zn2+浓度为1.6 mmol/L时有显著增加;(4)游离态腐胺含量变化与总腐胺含量相似,游离态亚精胺含量在高Zn2+浓度时下降,游离态精胺含量仅在Zn2+浓度为0.2 mmol/L时略有下降;(5)结合态腐胺和精胺在Zn2+浓度为0.2 mmol/L时下降而在其余处理组中上升,结合态亚精胺含量各处理组中均增加;(6)束缚态腐胺和亚精胺含量均下降.可见,过量Zn2+胁迫导致水花生愈伤组织氧化性损伤,并扰乱其多胺代谢平衡;束缚态多胺向结合态多胺的转化是过量Zn2+胁迫下水花生愈伤组织多胺代谢变化的一个显著特征;以结合态为代表的内源性多胺积累对水花生愈伤组织抵抗过量Zn2+胁迫具有重要意义.  相似文献   

2017年9月23日朝鲜振动事件记录特征分析     

赵永  杜广宝  孙丽  何少林  刘杰 《震灾防御技术》2017,12(4):751-757

2017年9月23日16时29分在朝鲜丰溪里核试验场发生3.4级地震。本文基于中国地震台网对该地震事件的波形记录,分析认为:该事件不是一次简单的单独过程,虽然事件开始时发生爆破,但事件主体是由断层错动产生的天然地震。这次事件是爆破和天然地震相继发生的复合型事件。  相似文献   

活动断层探察数据的信息编码优化研究     

吴熙彦  于贵华  杜克平  徐锡伟  王银 《震灾防御技术》2017,12(1):85-95

从20世纪90年代起,研究人员就开始探索活动断层探察数据的制作、存储与管理。迄今为止,已经获得了大量的活动断层探察数据,建成了一套系统的数据组织体系,为减轻地震灾害的相关研究提供了数据和技术支撑。近年来,随着活动断层数据库信息的扩充,初期设计的部分属性信息编码已不适用。为了形成适应当前工作的属性信息编码体系,本文以活动断层数据库建设体系为基础,对数据库属性值代码进行信息分类和编码优化。文章将数据库属性值代码分为字符型单一含义值、数值型单一含义值及复合含义值,分别进行编码规则设计,最终优化了数据库属性信息编码体系,提高了从建库到数据应用的数据录入、检测、制图自动化、数据分析等环节的效率。  相似文献