Jurassic plume-origin ophiolites in Japan: accreted fragments of oceanic plateaus     

Yuji?IchiyamaEmail author  Akira?Ishiwatari  Jun-Ichi?Kimura  Ryoko?Senda  Tsuyoshi?Miyamoto 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2014,168(1):1019

The Mikabu and Sorachi–Yezo belts comprise Jurassic ophiolitic complexes in Japan, where abundant basaltic to picritic rocks occur as lavas and hyaloclastite blocks. In the studied northern Hamamatsu and Dodaira areas of the Mikabu belt, these rocks are divided into two geochemical types, namely depleted (D-) and enriched (E-) types. In addition, highly enriched (HE-) type has been reported from other areas in literature. The D-type picrites contain highly magnesian relic olivine phenocrysts up to Fo_93.5, and their Fo–NiO trend indicates fractional crystallization from a high-MgO primary magma. The MgO content is calculated as high as 25 wt%, indicating mantle melting at unusually high potential temperature (T _p) up to 1,650 °C. The E-type rocks represent the enrichment in Fe and LREE and the depletion in Mg, Al and HREE relative to the D-type rocks. These chemical characteristics are in good accordance with those of melts from garnet pyroxenite melting. Volcanics in the Sorachi–Yezo belts can be divided into the same types as the Mikabu belt, and the D-type picrites with magnesian olivines also show lines of evidence for production from high T _p mantle. Evidence for the high T _p mantle and geochemical similarities with high-Mg picrites and komatiites from oceanic and continental large igneous provinces (LIPs) indicate that the Mikabu and Sorachi–Yezo belts are accreted oceanic LIPs that were formed from hot large mantle plumes in the Late Jurassic Pacific Ocean. The E- and D-type rocks were formed as magmas generated by garnet pyroxenite melting at an early stage of LIP magmatism and by depleted peridotite melting at the later stage, respectively. The Mikabu belt characteristically bears abundant ultramafic cumulates, which could have been formed by crystal accumulation from a primary magma generated from Fe-rich peridotite mantle source, and the HE-type magma were produced by low degrees partial melting of garnet pyroxenite source. They should have been formed later and in lower temperatures than the E- and D-type rocks. The Mikabu and Sorachi Plateaus were formed in a low-latitude region of the Late Jurassic Pacific Ocean possibly near a subduction zone, partially experienced high P/T metamorphism during subduction, and then uplifted in association with (or without, in case of Mikabu) the supra-subduction zone ophiolite. The Mikabu and Sorachi Plateaus may be the Late Jurassic oceanic LIPs that could have been formed in brotherhood with the Shatsky Rise.  相似文献   

Emplacement ages and sources of kimberlites and related rocks in southern Africa: U–Pb ages and Sr–Nd isotopes of groundmass perovskite     

W.?L.?GriffinEmail author  J.?M.?Batumike  Y.?Greau  N.?J.?Pearson  S.?R.?Shee  Suzanne?Y.?O’Reilly 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2014,168(1):1032

Groundmass perovskite has been dated by LA-ICPMS in 135 kimberlites and related rocks from 110 localities across southern Africa. Sr and/or Nd isotopes have been analysed by LA-MC-ICPMS in a subset of these and integrated with published data. The age distribution shows peaks at 1,600–1,800, 1,000–1,200, 500–800 and 50–130 Ma. The major “bloom” of Group I kimberlites at ca 90 ± 10 Ma was preceded by a slow build-up in magmatic activity from ca 180 Ma. The main pulse of Group II kimberlites at 120–130 Ma was a distinct episode within this build-up. Comparison of the isotopic data with seismic tomography images suggests that metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) with very low ε _Nd and high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, (the isotopic signature of Group II kimberlites) was focused in low-Vs zones along translithospheric structures. Such metasomatized zones existed as early as 1,800 Ma, but were only sporadically tapped until the magmatic build-up began at ca 180 Ma, and contributed little to the kimberlitic magmas after ca 110 Ma. We suggest that these metasomatized volumes resided in the deep SCLM and that their low-melting point components were “burned off” by rising temperatures, presumably during an asthenospheric upwelling that led to SCLM thinning and a rise in the ambient geotherm between 120 and 90 Ma. The younger Group I kimberlites therefore rarely interacted with such SCLM, but had improved access to shallower volumes of differently metasomatized, ancient SCLM with low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and intermediate ε _Nd (0–5). The kimberlite compositions therefore reflect the evolution of the SCLM of southern Africa, with metasomatic-enrichment events from as early as 1.8 Ga, through a major thermal and compositional change at ca 110 Ma, and the major kimberlite “bloom” around 90 Ma.  相似文献   

西秦岭成矿带中东段金矿床成矿规律和找矿预测     

肖力 《地质与勘探》2014,50(Z1):1282-1290

西秦岭近年来在新区发现新矿床和新类型金矿,矿床的地质特征表明金矿成矿受岩性、构造、岩浆活动的制约,许多金矿的地质、地球化学特征显示成矿与岩浆岩在时间和空间上关系密切;分析认为金矿主成矿时间为印支晚期-燕山早期,与区域大规模的岩浆活动在时间上一致;金矿主要有夕卡岩型、热液脉型和与岩浆活动有关的微细浸染型三种类型。矿石矿物元素组合显示由北而南成矿深度变浅、剥蚀程度较低;根据金、汞、锑矿床点和金、砷、锑、银元素分布特征,认为在北带岩体旁侧应注意寻找夕卡岩型和热液脉型金矿,中、南矿带在已知矿床深部注意寻找热液脉型金矿,有锑、汞矿点的区域注意深部及外围金矿的找矿;通过分析,最后圈定18处下一步重点工作区。  相似文献   

西秦岭岷-礼成矿带岩浆活动与金矿成矿模式探讨     

肖力 《地质与勘探》2014,50(Z1):1291-1298

岷-礼成矿带发现较多大型金矿,同时在岩体内发现斑岩型钼矿。金矿床矿石中除有低温矿物外,还有黄铜矿、白钨矿等中-高温矿物,白钨矿在寨上金矿中是载金矿物之一;钼矿中也有黄铜矿、白钨矿矿物;金、钼、钨矿化分带有一定空间关系;金矿床地球化学、稳定同位素、放射性同位素和流体包裹体的研究表明成矿物质,成矿流体有深源特征;中川岩体群的岩石学、年代学、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素特征表明岩体为复式岩体,具有壳幔混源特征;据此建立成矿带内受印支-燕山期岩浆活动控制的金矿成矿模式。  相似文献   

Probabilistic Inverse Analysis of Excavation-Induced Wall and Ground Responses for Assessing Damage Potential of Adjacent Buildings     

Lei Wang  Zhe Luo  Junhua Xiao  C. Hsein Juang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(2):273-285

This paper presents an approach for the probabilistic inverse analysis of braced excavations based on the maximum likelihood formulation. Here, the soil parameters are updated using the observations of the maximum ground settlement and/or the maximum wall deflection measured in a staged excavation. The updated soil parameters are then used to refine the predicted wall and ground responses in the subsequent excavation stages, as well as to assess the building damage potential at the final excavation stage. Case study shows that the proposed approach is effective in improving the predictions of the excavation-induced wall and ground responses. More-accurate predictions of the wall and ground responses, in turn, lead to a more accurate assessment of the damage potential of buildings adjacent to the excavation. The proposed approach offers an effective means for a probabilistic inverse analysis of braced excavations.  相似文献   

高放废物地质处置北山预选区旧井和新场花岗岩填隙方解石同位素地球化学     

田霄  王驹  金远新 《铀矿地质》2014,(1):23-29

为了探讨高放废物地质处置甘肃北山预选区旧井和新场预选地段的古地下流体来源、成因、化学演化历史以及水-岩相互作用,文章系统研究了该地段花岗岩填隙方解石的产出特征及其碳、氧、锶同位素的组成特征。测试结果表明,旧井和新场方解石的δ13 C组成均较稳定且为负值(分别为-11.6‰~-5.7‰和-9.9‰~-5.1‰);δ18 O分别为-0.7‰~19.7‰和10.9‰~21.9‰,旧井方解石具有更宽的δ18 O取值范围。87 Sr/86 Sr也略有差异,旧井为0.708584~0.718749,新场为0.708838~0.732967,二者随深度增加而呈明显的降低趋势。研究表明,北山预选区地下流体来源及成因较复杂,浅部地下水受大气降水的影响较大,深部流体则主要源于地下咸水,为低温流体蚀变成因。花岗岩裂隙中的水-岩反应强度总体较弱,地下水环境相对稳定。相比较而言,新场岩体深部的地球化学环境更稳定,更有利于高放废物的长期处置。  相似文献   

绳索取心用止水栓塞的研究与应用          下载免费PDF全文

李守圣  周晓  郭明  吕万宏 《探矿工程》2014,41(2):70-73

研究与应用了绳索取心专用钻孔压水试验止水栓塞,解决了水利水电工程勘探中应用绳索取心钻进后不提大钻进行钻孔压水试验的难题,提高了钻进效率。介绍了该绳索取心专用止水栓塞的材料、膨胀介质、结构设计及其应用情况。  相似文献   

新疆哈拉奇区域地质矿产调查新成果和主要进展     

刘晓煌  张新勇  刘龙龙  李保飞  张枭  宋贺民  鲁世朋  刘玖芬 《中国区域地质》2014,(1):1-8

简要概述了新疆哈拉奇地区区域地质矿产调查过程中取得的新成果和主要进展。新建晚石炭世一早二叠世碳酸盐台地深水斜坡相的哈拉奇组;在石炭系一二叠系中共识别出4个带和1个珊瑚组合;在志留系中识别出笔石组合带;在石炭纪别根他乌组中发现多套古岩溶角砾岩层,在哈拉奇组中发现深水重力流沉积;识别厘定出石炭系／泥盆系和志留系／奥陶系2个平行不整合;依据不整合面划分2个构造层,并识别出3期区域性褶皱构造;划分出6个区域磁异常,4个高磁异常,并进行了查证和解译;固定水系沉积物综合异常14处;探索性地开发针对数字化填图系统的Dliner数字化整饰平台。  相似文献   

崩塌体水力输移与塌岸淤床交互影响试验          下载免费PDF全文

余明辉  郭晓 《水科学进展》2014,25(5):677-683

以二元结构河岸崩塌模式为研究背景,在弯道水槽中展开系列试验,研究凹岸坡脚处成型崩塌体在水力作用下输移过程及其对岸坡稳定性与河床冲淤的交互影响。试验成果表明,崩塌体经水力分解破碎呈块状、片状或颗粒状起动,部分随水流带至凸岸或下游,堆积在坡脚附近的崩塌体残留量随水力作用大小及土体特性不同而变化。崩塌体临水面周围尤其上下游端水流紊动强烈易形成较大剪切力区,临坡面上下游端附近剪切力较无崩塌体时减小;崩塌体体积越大,对剪切力区特征的改变也越明显。崩塌体的存在虽不能制止附近岸坡的再次崩塌,但可能抑制崩岸发展及附近河床淤积的程度,崩塌体的粘性或体积越大,这种抑制作用越显著;相同崩塌体抑制附近河床淤积的程度较抑制岸坡崩塌的程度大。  相似文献   

过去2000年气候变化对中国经济与社会发展影响研究综述   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

魏柱灯  方修琦  苏筠  萧凌波 《地球科学进展》2014,29(3):336-343

It is one of the important focuses of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) to investigate the long-term impacts of climate change on regional social and economic development over the past two millenniums. The past decades in China have witnessed great progresses in the study of past climatic influence on human society. In this paper, reviews have been made on the latest proceedings related with researches about the past 2000-year climatic impacts on Chinese history in terms of the following three aspects: economic fluctuations, social stability, and the rise and fall of dynasties in China. It is concluded that climate change and socio-economic fluctuation in historical China really temporarily demonstrated a good coincidence, which indicates a potential driving-response mechanism was likely embedded in the complicated relationship between climate change and human society. A warm climate provided relatively stable conditions of agricultural production and thus generally played a positive role in the healthy development of the economy and society. On the contrary, socio-economic adverseness triggered by a colder climate was preconditioned with social problems such as the intensification of the contradiction between people and land, as well as the gradual accumulation of social rigidity. These social problems accompanying with social development contributed higher vulnerability of society in the face of changing climate, which to some extent might amplify the effects of climatic deterioration. The authors emphasize that the future studies of the relationship between past climate change and human history in China should attach more attention to the following key problems: making deeper exploitation of the potential of Chinese historical documents, exploring the mechanism of climate-society interaction, and studying the differences of climatic effects on socio-economic development at the regional scale. This study from a historical perspective might enhance the understanding of human-environment relationship under a situation of global warming, and also provide the scientific basis for the sustainable social development in China.  相似文献