排序方式： 共有31条查询结果，搜索用时 312 毫秒
21.
Abstract— Three augite-bearing ureilites from Antarctica, Y74130, MET78008 and ALH82106, have been studied by electron microprobe, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and analytical transmission electron microscope (TEM). The first two belong to the low-16O subgroup of Clayton and Mayeda (1988) and are closely related; ALH82106 belongs to the high-16O subgroup. MET78008 is an augite-olivine ureilite, similar to the augite-bearing part of the Y74130. Augites poikilitically include ellipsoidal pigeonites, and low-Ca pyroxene poikilitically encloses ellipsoidal olivine and augite. The temperature of last equilibration deduced from an orthopyroxene-pigeonite-augite assemblage is above 1200 °C. The ALH82106 pigeonite contains irregular augite inclusions produced by decomposition. Augites in Y74130, MET78008 and ALH82106 (decomposed one) all show similar spinodal decomposition textures on the TEM scale. Cooling rates estimated from an experimentally calibrated diagram for the wavelengths of spinodal decomposition versus cooling rates are about 20 °C/hr. The calcic trend for the low-16O subgroup including Y74130 and MET78008 shows large Ca variations in pyroxene with similar Mg/Fe ratio; differentiation involving reduction was not an important process. Augite in ALH82106 is a minor phase and contains lower Na2O contents than Y74130 and MET78008, confirming that ALH82106 is not directly related to them. 相似文献
22.
When earthquake activity begins, it may be a foreshock sequence to a larger earthquake, a swarm, or a simple main-shock-aftershock sequence. This paper is concerned with the conditional probability that it will be foreshock activity of a later larger earthquake, depending on the occurrence pattern of some early events in the sequence. The earthquake catalogue of the Japan Meteorological Agency (1926-1993, MJ ≥4) is decomposed into a large number of clusters in time and space in order to compare statistical features of foreshocks with those of swarms and aftershocks. Using such a data set, Ogata, Utsu & Katsura (1995) revealed some discriminating features of foreshocks relative to the other types of clusters, for example the events' closer proximity in time and space, and a tendency towards chronologically increasing magnitudes, which encouraged us to construct models which forecast the probability of the earthquakes being foreshocks. Specifically, the probability is a function of the history of magnitude differences, spans between origin times and distances between epicentres within a cluster. For purposes of illustration, the models were fitted to the early part of the data (1926-1975) and the validity of the forecasting procedure was checked on data from the later period (1976-1993). Two procedures for evaluating the performance of the probability forecast are suggested. Furthermore, for the case where only a single event is available (i.e. either it is the first event in a cluster or an isolated event), we also forecast the probability of the event being a foreshock as a function of its geographic location. Then, the validity of the forecast is demonstrated in a similar manner. Finally, making use of the multi-element prediction formula, we show that the forecasting performance is enhanced by the joint use of the information in the location of the first event, and that in the subsequent interevent history in the cluster. 相似文献
23.
Ingrid Anell Valentin Zuchuat Anna Daniela Rhnert Aleksandra Smyrak‐Sikora Simon Buckley Gareth Lord Harmon Maher Ivar Midtkandal Kei Ogata Snorre Olaussen Per T. Osmundsen Alvar Braathen 《Basin Research》2021,33(1):478-512
The study describes the depositional development and sediment partitioning in a prograding paralic Triassic succession. The deposits are associated with the advance of large prism‐scale clinoforms across a shallower platform area. Approaching the platform, the limited accommodation and associated relative higher rates of deposition generated straighter clinoforms with lower foreset angles. The vertical restriction across the platform is interpreted to have amplified the tidal signature. Sediment was redistributed from the coast into increasingly sandy delta‐front deposits, compared to offshore equivalents. The deposits comprise extensive compound dune fields of amalgamated and increasingly clean sandbodies up‐section. Rapid deposition of significant amounts of sand led to differential subsidence and growth‐faulting in the delta front, with downthrown fault blocks further amplifying the tidal energy through funnelling. A mixed‐energy environment created along‐strike variability along the delta front with sedimentation governing process‐regime. Areas of lower sedimentation were reworked by wave and storm‐action, whereas high sedimentation rates preserved fluvially dominated mouth bars. A major transgression, however, favoured tidally dominated deposits also in these areas, attributed to increasing rugosity of the coastline. Formation of an extensive subaqueous platform between the coast and delta front dampened incoming wave energy, and tidally dominated deposits dominate the near‐shore successions. Meanwhile formation of wave‐built sand‐bars atop the platform attest to continued wave influence. The strong tidal regime led to the development of a heterolithic near‐shore tidally dominated channel system, and sandier fluvial channels up‐river. The highly meandering tidal channels incising the subaqueous platform form kilometre wide successions of inclined heterolithic stratification. The fluvially dominated channels which govern deposition on the delta plain are narrower and slightly less deep, straighter, generally symmetric and filled with cleaner sands. This study provides important insight into tidal amplification and sand redistribution during shallowing on a wide shelf, along with along‐strike process‐regime variability resulting from variations in sediment influx. 相似文献
24.
Andrea Festa Kei Ogata Gian Andrea Pini Yildirim Dilek Giulia Codegone 《International Geology Review》2015,57(5-8):540-562
In the Northern Apennines of Italy, mud-rich olistostromes (sedimentary mélanges) occur at different stratigraphic levels within the late Oligocene–early Miocene sedimentary record of episutural/wedge-top basins. They are widely distributed along the exhumed outer part of the Ligurian accretionary complex, atop the outer Apenninic prowedge, over an area about 300 km long and 10–15 km wide. Olistostromes represent excellent examples of ancient submarine mass-transport complexes (MTCs), consisting of stacked cohesive debris flows that can be directly compared to some of those observed in modern accretionary wedges. We describe the internal arrangement of olistostrome occurrences in the sector between Voghera and the Monferrato area, analysing their relationships with mesoscale liquefaction features, which are commonly difficult to observe in modern MTCs. Slope failures occurred in isolated sectors along the wedge front, where out-of-sequence thrusting, seismicity, and different pulses of overpressured tectonically induced fluid flows acted concomitantly. Referring to the Northern Apennines regional geology, we also point out a gradual lateral rejuvenation (from late Oligocene to early Miocene) toward the SE and an increasing size and thickness of the olistostromes along the strike of the frontal Apenninic prowedge. This suggests that morphological reshaping of the outer prowedge via mass-transport processes balanced, with different pulses over a short time span, the southeastward migration and segmentation of accretionary processes. The latter were probably favoured by the occurrence in the northwestern part of the Northern Apennines of major, inherited palaeogeographic features controlling the northward propagation of the prowedge. Detailed knowledge of olistostromes, as ancient examples of MTCs related to syn-sedimentary tectonics and shale diapirism, and of their lateral variations in term of age and size, provides useful information in regard to better understanding of both the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Apenninic prowedge and the submarine slope failures in modern accretionary wedges. 相似文献
25.
Heskett M Takada H Yamashita R Yuyama M Ito M Geok YB Ogata Y Kwan C Heckhausen A Taylor H Powell T Morishige C Young D Patterson H Robertson B Bailey E Mermoz J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(2):445-448
Plastic resin pellets collected from remote islands in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans and the Caribbean Sea were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichloro-diphenyltrichloroethane and its degradation products (DDTs), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). Concentrations of PCBs (sum of 13 congeners) in the pellets were 0.1-9.9 ng/g-pellet. These were 1-3 orders of magnitude smaller than those observed in pellets from industrialized coastal shores. Concentrations of DDTs in the pellets were 0.8-4.1 ng/g-pellet. HCH concentrations were 0.6-1.7 ng/g-pellet, except for 19.3 ng/g-pellet on St. Helena, where current use of lindane is likely influence. This study provides background levels of POPs (PCBs<10 ng/g-pellet, DDTs <4 ng/g-pellet, HCHs <2 ng/g-pellet) for International Pellet Watch. Sporadic large concentrations of POPs were found in some pellet samples from remote islands and should be considered in future assessments of pollutants on plastic debris. 相似文献
26.
Interannual modulation of mesoscale eddy activity at the intraseasonal timescale in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean
and its relation to the Indian Ocean dipole mode (IOD) events are investigated using results from a high-resolution ocean
general circulation model. The model reproduces observed characteristics of the intraseasonal variability and its interannual
modulation fairly well, with large variances of the intraseasonal variability during the 1994 and 1997/1998 IOD events. Large
negative temperature anomaly off the coasts of Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands in boreal summer, due to seasonal variation
and interannual anomaly, extended further to the east in 1994, and the associated strong Indonesian throughflow enhanced the
baroclinic instability in the upper layer, generating anomalously large mesoscale eddy activity. The eddy heat transport,
in turn, significantly affected decaying phase of the 1994 IOD event. On the other hand, the development of the cold region
off the Java Island associated with the 1997/1998 IOD event occurred in boreal winter, causing weaker baroclinic instability
and hence weaker eddy activity off Java. This led to little influence on the heat budget in the southeastern tropical Indian
Ocean for the 1997/1998 IOD event. 相似文献
27.
28.
Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora Per Terje Osmundsen Alvar Braathen Kei Ogata Ingrid Anell Mark J. Mulrooney Valentin Zuchuat 《Basin Research》2020,32(5):949-978
World-class examples of fault-controlled growth basins with associated syn-kinematic sedimentary fill are developed in Upper Triassic prodelta to delta-front deposits exposed at Kvalpynten, SW Edgeøya in East Svalbard. They are interpreted to have interacted with north-westerly progradation of a regional delta system. The syn-kinematic successions consist of 4 to 5 coarsening-upward units spanning from offshore mudstones to subtidal heterolithic bars and compound tidal dunes, which were blanketed by regional, post-kinematic sandstone sheets deposited as laterally continuous, subaqueous tidal dune fields. The rate of growth faulting is reflected in the distribution of accommodation, which governs sedimentary architecture and stacking patterns within the coarsening-upward units. Fully compartmentalized basins (12, 200–800 m wide and c. 150 m high grabens and half grabens) are characterized by syn-kinematic sedimentary infill. These grabens and half-grabens are separated by 60–150 m high horsts composed of pro-delta to distal delta-front mudstones. Grabens host tabular tidal dunes (sandwaves), whereas half-grabens bound by listric faults (mainly south-dipping) consist of wedge-shaped, rotated strata with erosive boundaries proximal to the uplifted fault block crests. Heterolithic tidal bars (sand ridges) occur in narrow half-grabens, showing migration oblique to the faults, up the dipslope. Structureless sandstone wedges and localized subaqueous slumps that formed in response to collapse of the block crests were only documented in half-grabens. Late-kinematic deposition during the final stages of faulting occurred in partly compartmentalized basins, filled with variably thick sets of continuous sandstone belts (compound tidal dunes). 相似文献
29.
30.
真鲷脂蛋白脂肪酶基因顺式元件PPRE及在肝脏活体调控作用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
从血液提取总DNA并构建基因组文库,克隆海水鱼真鲷(Pagrosomusmajor)脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)基因5′侧翼区序列,再通过竞争性聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法,定量研究饲料中添加不同饱和度脂肪酸对其肝脏LPL基因mRNA表达水平的影响。结果表明,真鲷LPL基因5′侧翼区序列中存在顺式元件过氧化物酶体增殖物反应元件,其序列为TGAAGA TGACAT,与TATA(CATAA)盒序列相隔211bp;与喂饲料对照组比较,添加10%油酸可增加真鲷肝脏LPL基因表达水平,但差异并不显著(p>0.05)。用亚油酸或n 3高不饱和脂肪酸混合物取代添加油酸的一半(占饲料添加量的5%)后,导致真鲷肝脏LPL基因表达水平升高并出现显著性变化(p<0.05)。对真鲷肝脏LPL基因诱导表达随饲料中的脂肪酸不饱和度增加而增加,表明在活体条件下脂肪酸对真鲷肝脏LPL基因表达的诱导作用可能与脂肪酸的氧化代谢有关。n 3高不饱和脂肪酸通过过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体诱导真鲷肝脏LPL基因表达,使真鲷食物脂质供应水平与其肝脏脂肪酸氧化代谢强度调控偶联起来,可能是真鲷对高脂食物(特别是富含n 3高不饱和脂肪酸食物)的一种适应。 相似文献