The formation of wind curl in the marine atmosphere boundary layer over the East China Sea Kuroshio in spring     

Suping Zhang  Yang Kong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(6):883-892

Various data are used to investigate the characteristics of the surface wind field and rainfall on the East China Sea Kuroshio (ESK) in March and April, 2011. In March, the wind speed maximum shows over the ESK front (ESKF) in the 10 meter wind field, which agrees with the thermal wind effect. A wind curl center is generated on the warm flank of the ESKF. The winds are much weaker in April, so is the wind curl. A rainband exists over the ESKF in both the months. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used for further researches. The winds on the top of the marine atmosphere boundary layer (MABL) indicate that in March, a positive wind curl is generated in the whole MABL over the warm flank of the ESKF. The thermal wind effect forced by the strong SST gradient overlying the background wind leads to strong surface northeasterly winds on the ESKF, and a positive shearing vorticity is created over the warm flank of the ESKF to generate wind curl. In the smoothed sea surface temperature experiment, the presence of the ESKF is responsible for the strong northeast winds in the ESKF, and essential for the distribution of the rainfall centers in March, which confirms the mechanism above. The same simulation is made for April, 2011, and the responses from the MABL become weak. The low background wind speed weakens the effect of the thermal wind, thus no strong Ekman pumping is helpful for precipitation. There is no big difference in rainfall between the control run and the smooth SST run. Decomposition of the wind vector shows that local wind acceleration induced by the thermal wind effect along with the variations in wind direction is responsible for the pronounced wind curl/divergence over the ESKF.  相似文献   

Analysis of genetic diversity and differentiation of seven stocks of Litopenaeus vannamei using microsatellite markers     

Kai Zhang  Weiji Wang  Weiya Li  Quanqi Zhang  Jie Kong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(4):647-656

Seven microsatellite markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity and differentiation of seven stocks of Litopenaeus vannamei, which were introduced from Central and South America to China. All seven microsatellite loci were polymorphic, with polymorphism information content(PIC) values ranging from 0.593 to 0.952. Totally 92 alleles were identified, and the number of alleles(Na) and effective alleles(Ne) varied between 4 and 21 and 2.7 and 14.6, respectively. Observed heterozygosity(Ho) values were lower than the expected heterozygosity(He) values(0.526–0.754), which indicated that the seven stocks possessed a rich genetic diversity. Thirty-seven tests were detected for reasonable significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Fis values were positive at five loci, suggesting that there was a relatively high degree of inbreeding within stocks. Pairwise Fst values ranged from 0.0225 to 0.151, and most of the stock pairs were moderately differentiated. Genetic distance and cluster analysis using UPGMA revealed a close genetic relationship of L. vannamei between Pop2 and Pop3. AMOVA indicated that the genetic variation among stocks(11.3%) was much lower than that within stocks(88.7%). Although the seven stocks had a certain degree of genetic differentiation and a rich genetic diversity, there is an increasing risk of decreased performance due to inbreeding in subsequent generations.  相似文献   

Sedimentary evolution of the Holocene subaqueous clinoform off the southern Shandong Peninsula in the Western South Yellow Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jiandong Qiu  Jian Liu  Yoshiki Saito  Zigeng Yang  Baojing Yue  Hong Wang  Xianghuai Kong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(5):747-760

Based on the stratigraphic sequence formed since the last glaciation and revealed by 3000 km long high-resolution shallow seismic profiles and the core QDZ03 acquired recently off the southern Shandong Peninsula, we addressed the sedimentary characteristics of a Holocene subaqueous clinoform in this paper. Integrated analyses were made on the core QDZ03, including sedimentary facies, sediment grain sizes, clay minerals, geochemistry, micro paleontology, and AMS 14 C dating. The result indicates that there exists a Holocene subaqueous clinoform, whose bottom boundary generally lies at 15–40 m below the present sea level with its depth contours roughly parallel to the coast and getting deeper seawards. The maximum thickness of the clinoform is up to 22.5 m on the coast side, and the thickness contours generally spread in a banded way along the coastline and becomes thinner towards the sea. At the mouths of some bays along the coast, the clinoform stretches in the shape of a fan and its thickness is evidently larger than that of the surrounding sediments. This clinoform came into being in the early Holocene(about 11.2 cal kyr BP) and can be divided into the lower and upper depositional units(DU 2 and DU 1, respectively). The unit DU 2, being usually less than 3 m in thickness and formed under a low sedimentation rate, is located between the bottom boundary and the Holocene maximum flooding surface(MFS), and represents the sediment of a post-glacial transgressive systems tract; whereas the unit DU 1, the main body of the clinoform, sits on the MFS, belonging to the sediment of a highstand systems tract from middle Holocene(about 7–6 cal kyr BP) to the present. The provenance of the clinoform differs from that of the typical sediments of the Yellow River and can be considered as the results of the joint contribution from both the Yellow River and the proximal coastal sediments of the Shandong Peninsula, as evidenced by the sediment geochemistry of the core. As is controlled mainly by coactions of multiple factors such as the Holocene sea-level changes, sediment supplies and coastal dynamic conditions, the development of the clinoform is genetically related with the synchronous clinoform or subaqueous deltas around the northeastern Shandong Peninsula and in the northern South Yellow Sea in the spatial distribution and sediment provenance, as previously reported, with all of them being formed from the initial stage of the Holocene up to the present.  相似文献   

4种典型滨海植物的耐盐能力          下载免费PDF全文

杜运领  陈玉珍  钱爱国  郦建锋  徐建强  傅菁菁  蔡鹭春  孙元敏  刘斌  张飞  郑滢  林莉  马勇  汤坤贤  李开河 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(1):15-24

滨海植物是海岸生态系统的重要组成部分,而绝大部分滨海植物的耐盐能力与生态适应机制尚不清楚,本研究选择马鞍藤(Ipomoea pescaprae)、小刀豆(Canavalia cathartica)、全缘冬青(Ilex in?tegra)、大叶银边海桐(Pittosporum pentandrum)4种滨海典型植物,通过...  相似文献   

Exploring the dynamics of the disaggregated intercity corporate network in the Yangtze River Delta,China: a relational event approach     

Li  Luqi  Derudder  Ben  Shen  Wei  Kong  Xiang 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2022,24(1):115-140

Journal of Geographical Systems - There has been a proliferation of studies trying to explain the driving forces behind the formation and evolution of intercity corporate networks. Previous...  相似文献   

Characteristics of gas disaster in the Huaibei coalfield and its control and development technologies     

Liang Wang  Yuan-ping Cheng  Feng-hua An  Hong-xing Zhou  Sheng-li Kong  Wei Wang 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(1):85-107

The Huaibei coalfield is in the East China Economic Area, which is rich in coal and gas resources. However, hundreds of coal and gas outburst accidents have occurred because of the complex geological structures of the coalfield. Based on theoretical analysis and field statistics, the characteristics of regional geological structures and the coal measure strata evolution in the Huaibei coalfield were researched, and gas resource distribution and gas parameters were statistically analyzed to determine the dominant controlling factors of gas occurrence and gas dynamic disaster. The results indicated that the Huaibei coalfield has undergone complex tectonic evolution, causing obvious differences in gas storage in different blocks of different mining areas, which exhibits a pattern of high amounts of gas in the south and east, and low amounts of gas in the north and west. The coal seam and gas occurrence have a bipolar distribution in the coalfield caused by multiple tectonic movements, and they are deeply buried. Horizontal tectonic stress plays a dominant role in gas outburst, and the thermal evolution and trap effects of magma intrusion increase the possibility and extent of gas outburst. Considering coal seam and gas occurrence characteristics in the coalfield, we propose a new technology for deep coal reservoir reconstruction which combined present underground regional gas control methods and surface well extraction methods. The technology has three effects: developing gas resources, improving coal mining safety level and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which has been practiced to be effective in coal mines in the Huaibei coalfield.  相似文献   

陕川丁家林-太阳坪-董家院金矿带的矿田构造-岩相学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

付于真  方维萱  刘家军  范玉须  郭茂华  蒋加燥 《大地构造与成矿学》2014,(4)

陕西丁家林-四川太阳坪-四川董家院北东向金矿带位于后龙门山陆内造山带,构造动力学背景为陆-陆板块碰撞而形成的逆冲推覆造山带,金矿带内发育一系列与陆内造山作用密切有关的北东向递进脆-韧性剪切带。本文以构造-岩相学新方法为指导,在矿田构造-岩相学层次上,通过实测构造-岩相学剖面和岩石地球化学研究,对该金矿带物质学和运动学特征研究表明,赋矿地层志留系黄坪组(S1-2hn)区域性岩相学特征整体为陆棚相。黄坪组中部层间流体活动强烈,地壳浅部富Fe-Mg-CO32–型构造流体活动形成了斑点状铁碳酸盐千枚岩相;随构造变形层次加深,强应变带发育构造片岩相和初糜棱岩相,富Si O2型流体排泄的构造分异成岩作用形成了流变状糜棱岩相。强烈的构造成岩作用及造山带流体的大规模排泄形成了糜棱岩相,同位发育密集的流变状糜棱岩相和蚀变菱铁矿铁白云石网脉相。构造流体成岩成矿作用集中于强应变带形成蚀变糜棱岩相,后期脆性蚀变碎裂岩相叠加时,金矿化(体)发育。早期韧性剪切和脆韧性剪切变形并叠加有后期脆性变形构造,富集Au-Cu-Sb-W-Bi等元素组合。本区缺少或未见早三叠世以后形成的岩浆活动。大规模富Fe-Mg碳酸盐型流体及同构造期造山带流体活动与龙门山陆内造山带密切相关,表明丁家林-太阳坪-董家院金矿为造山型金矿。  相似文献   

Disaster Risk Science Development and Disaster Risk Reduction Using Science and Technology     

Shi Peijun  Kong Feng  Ye Qian  Wang Ming  Liu Kai 《地球科学进展》2014,29(11):1205-1211

Based on a series of international conferences for establishing HFA2 framework, this paper analyzed key issues of frontier of disaster risk science, integrated disaster prevention and mitigation strategies and integrated disaster risk governance. The future direction of disaster risk science was comprehensively discussed according to the widely discussed Post 2015 Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA2). It was proposed to deepen the cognition of the complexity of disaster system in terms of recognizing the complexity of disaster system from the interaction among various elements of the system, recognizing the complexity of climate change risk from the regional characteristics and formation mechanism of the global climate change and recognizing the complexity of the catastrophe risk from the regional development levels and patterns. Furthermore, it was suggested to make integrated disaster risk reduction strategies and countermeasures from the perspective of the complexity of the disaster system, including the establishment of regional integrated disaster risk governance framework to face climate change, the establishment of integrated disaster risk governance system in multi-spatial scale, the establishment of disaster risk governance financial system integrating the insurance, bonds and lottery, the establishment of consilience mode in integrated risk governance considering multi-stakeholder and the establishment of modeling and simulation platform integrated disaster risk information services and disaster risk reduction strategies. Finally, it was pointed out that the assessment of disaster risk levels for different regions in multi spatial scale can provide robust scientific support for integrated disaster risk governance of the world and regions, industries and enterprises so as to improve response to global change and guarantee a global and regional sustainable development.  相似文献   

An approach to determining the thicknesses of shear bands with an echelon‐crack structure     

G. S. Wang  L. W. Kong  C. F. Wei 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2013,37(6):618-640

In this paper, the internal structure of shear band is investigated, and a model of the shear band with an echelon crack structure is developed. The model assumes the shear band to be composed of two conjugate sets of echelon cracks, such that the smaller echelon cracks are embedded in the space of the larger ones. The additional strain induced by the echelon cracks and the anisotropic development of the compliance tensor in the shear band zone are analyzed. The critical crack density at the onset of shear band is obtained by applying the bifurcation condition. Deviating from previous approaches, the new procedure evaluates the thickness of shear band based on the geometrical characteristics of echelon crack arrays and the failure probability of grain boundaries in the longitudinal direction at the onset of shear band. Parametric analysis shows that grain size, internal friction angle, dilation angle, and failure probability of grain boundaries are the dominant factors that account for the shear band thickness. The calculated results are consistent with the experimental data available in the literature. The model soundly explains that the measurements of the shear band thickness are generally scattered, ranging from 4 to 30 (or even more) times the grain size. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

中国地理信息系统(GIS)发展状况的初步调查——由一组统计数据引起的思考   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

孔云峰  林珲 《地球信息科学学报》2000,2(2):25-32

本文整理和统计了一组与中国GIS研究、教育、产业和市场相关的数据, 用于理解和评估中国的GIS产业状况和应用前景。  相似文献