Achieving low effluent NO3-N and TN concentrations in low influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) to total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) ratio without using external carbon source     

操家顺  薛朝霞  冯骞 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(4):1039-1052

Two mathematical models were used to optimize the performance of a full-scale biological nutrient removal(BNR) activated treatment plant, a plug-flow bioreactors operated in a 3-stage phoredox process configuration, anaerobic anoxic oxic(A2 /O). The ASM2 d implemented on the platform of WEST2011 software and the Bio Win activated sludge/anaerobic digestion(AS/AD) models were used in this study with the aim of consistently achieving the designed effluent criteria at a low operational cost. Four ASM2 d parameters(the reduction factor for denitrification(η NO3, H), the maximum growth rate of heterotrophs( μ H), the rate constant for stored polyphosphates in PAOs(q pp), and the hydrolysis rate constant(k h)) were adjusted. Whereas three Bio Win parameters(aerobic decay rate(b H), heterotrophic dissolved oxygen(DO) half saturation(K OA), and Y P /acetic) were adjusted. Calibration of the two models was successful; both models have average relative deviations(ARD) less than 10% for all the output variables. Low effluent concentrations of nitrate nitrogen(N-NO3), total nitrogen(TN), and total phosphorus(TP) were achieved in a full-scale BNR treatment plant having low influent chemical oxygen demand(COD) to total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN) ratio(COD/TKN). The effluent total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentrations were improved by 50% and energy consumption was reduced by approximately 25%, which was accomplished by converting the two-pass aerobic compartment of the plug-flow bioreactor to anoxic reactors and being operated in an alternating mode. Findings in this work are helpful in improving the operation of wastewater treatment plant while eliminating the cost of external carbon source and reducing energy consumption.  相似文献   

Impacts of Soil Moisture on the Numerical Simulation of a Post-Landfall Storm     

Feimin ZHANG  Zhaoxia PU  Chenghai WANG 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2019,(2):206-218

Surface heat and moisture fluxes are important to the evolution of a tropical storm after its landfall. Soil moisture is one of the essential components that influence surface heating and moisture fluxes. In this study, the impact of soil moisture on a pre-landfall numerical simulation of Tropical Storm Bill(2015), which had a much longer lifespan over land, is investigated by using the research version of the NCEP Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting(HWRF) model. It is found that increased soil moisture with SLAB scheme before storm's landfall tends to produce a weaker storm after landfall and has negative impacts on storm track simulation. Further diagnoses with different land surface schemes and sensitivity experiments indicate that the increase in soil moisture inside the storm corresponds to a strengthened vertical mixing within the storm boundary layer, which is conducive to the decay of storm and has negative impacts on storm evolution. In addition, surface diabatic heating effects over the storm environment are also found to be an important positive contribution to the storm evolution over land, but their impacts are not so substantial as boundary layer vertical mixing inside the storm. The overall results highlight the importance and uncertainty of soil moisture in numerical model simulations of landfalling hurricanes and their further evolution over land.  相似文献   

热带西太平洋沉积物的环境磁学特征对东亚冬季风的响应     

侯啸林  徐继尚  姜兆霞  曹立华  张强  李广雪  王双  翟科 《地学前缘》2022,29(5):23-34

西太平洋暖池(Western Pacific Warm Pool,WPWP)指位于热带太平洋中、西部(包括南海南部和苏禄海)年平均水温超过 28 ℃的广大海域。由于巨厚的表层暖水覆盖,西太平洋暖池成为全球热量和水汽交互的重要源区,对驱动温盐环流、调节全球气候变化具有重要作用。东亚冬季风(EAWM)是全球气候系统中最活跃的组成部分之一,它可能会通过寒潮侵入热带地区,引起深层对流,以此加强暖池区的对流活动和降水异常,从而影响赤道地区的潜热释放。但地质历史时期西太平洋暖池与东亚冬季风的相互作用关系尚不明确。由于东亚冬季风携带的风尘中往往包含有大颗粒的高矫顽力磁性矿物,我们可以通过沉积物中磁性矿物的组合、含量、颗粒大小和形态变化,分析不同时间尺度上气候环境变化和风尘物质的输入情况,进而反演东亚冬季风的强度变化。本文对取自热带西太平洋B10钻孔的岩心样品进行了环境磁学测试,以揭示地质历史时期西太平洋暖池沉积物环境磁学特征对东亚冬季风的响应。实验结果表明,沉积物中的主要载磁矿物为低矫顽力的磁铁矿,属于亚铁磁性矿物,并含有少量高矫顽力磁性矿物。沉积物中的磁性颗粒以准单畴(PSD)颗粒为主。高矫顽力的磁性矿物含量和细颗粒磁铁矿相对含量在冰期和间冰期呈现出显著相对变化,对东亚冬季风的变化有敏感响应:冰期沉积物中高矫顽力矿物含量增多,磁性颗粒粒径变大;间冰期沉积物中高矫顽力矿物含量降低,磁性颗粒粒径变细。在干燥、寒冷的冰期,由风尘携带而来的高矫顽力磁性矿物相对含量增加,沉积物中的磁性颗粒粒径变大,反映冰期东亚冬季风强度增大;在气候温暖湿润的间冰期,风尘的输入量较小,由风尘携带的高矫顽力磁性矿物含量相对较低,沉积物中的磁性颗粒粒径变小,反映间冰期东亚冬季风的强度减弱。  相似文献   

Transcriptome of Eriocheir sinensis under air exposure     

Zhang  Yi  Ni  Mengqi  Zheng  Jinbin  Cui  Zhaoxia 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2022,40(2):766-774

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, is an economically important crab in China. Air exposure is a common stress for E. sinensis, especially during the...  相似文献   

Primary molecular basis of androgenic gland endocrine sex regulation revealed by transcriptome analysis in Eriocheir sinensis     

Song  Chengwen  Liu  Lei  Hui  Min  Liu  Yuan  Liu  Hourong  Cui  Zhaoxia 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,37(1):223-234

In crustaceans, the male sexual differentiation and maintenance are specially regulated by androgenic gland (AG). However, little is known about the genes involved in the regulation process. RNA-Seq was performed on AG with ejaculatory duct (AG_ED) and ejaculatory duct (ED) as control in Eriocheir sinensis, one of the most important economic and fishery crabs with typically sex dimorphism. A total of 925 unigenes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the expression of nine genes randomly selected was confirmed by qRT-PCR. 667 unigenes were up-regulated in AG_ED, being supposed to be AG preferential genes. Among them, the full length of insulin-like androgenic gland factor (IAG) cDNA named as Es-IAG was obtained as a logo gene of AG, which together with the genes insulin-like receptor (INR), and single insulin binding domain protein (SIBD), might constitute the sex regulation pathway. Several sex related genes were identified, and their function will have to be investigated. Also, the identification of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase 1 (JHEH1), ecdysteroid 22-hydroxylase (DIB) and ecdysone receptor (ECR) preliminarily clarified the molecular regulation mechanism of eyestalk-AG-testis axis, which plays important roles in molting and reproduction. The results will enhance our understanding for the molecular basis of the AG involved in male sex regulation in crabs.

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云降水物理与人工影响天气研究进展(2008～2012年)   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

郭学良  付丹红  胡朝霞 《大气科学》2013,37(2):351-363

本文回顾和总结了近5年(2008～2012年)云降水物理与人工影响天气主要研究进展,并讨论了目前存在的主要问题和亟待解决的关键科学问题.内容涉及可分辨云数值模式及模拟研究、云降水的观测与遥感反演研究、气溶胶对云降水的影响及人工影响天气相关的数值模式、观测试验研究等.提高对云降水形成过程、时空结构与演变机理的深入认识,对揭示大气水循环、气候变化过程,提高天气精细化预报、大气云水资源开发利用及气象防灾减灾的能力,具有十分重要的作用.  相似文献   

多源遥感揭示的郯庐断裂带江苏段及邻区特征     

余腾  朱益民  张鹏  王鑫  史坤朋  徐朝霞 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(6):569-576

借助可见光、微波、GPS和重力等数据从多源遥感视角对郯庐断裂带江苏段的地表出露形态、断裂带周边形变场和块体重力等特征进行研究,并辅以实地调查和探槽验证。结果表明：1）有争议的F5断裂南部应位于泗洪县后陈村,地表出露长度约为9 km,走向约为NNE12°;2）Sentinel-1A数据反演的断裂区地表形变场与普遍认为的第四纪以来郯庐断裂带右旋特性一致,且宿迁、新沂、泗县表现为沉降,邳州、睢宁、泗洪表现为隆升,断裂两侧水平和垂直向形变速率差分别约为4 mm/a和3 mm/a;3）GPS形变场分析表明,断裂两侧相对滑动约为1.4 mm/a,与微波结果的形变差异体现出近年断裂走滑运动呈加速状态;4）布格重力异常分析表明,断裂两侧重力分异明显,表现出西低东高的特征分异状态。该成果可为郯庐断裂带江苏段周边地壳块体形变、潜在孕震、发震等级和震灾防御等研究提供借鉴。  相似文献   

9106号台风的热力作用对出梅影响的数值研究   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9  

徐海明  王谦谦  葛朝霞 《热带气象学报》1994,10(3):231-237

利用一个五层的原始方程模式，研究了９１０６号南海台风的热力作用对１９９１年江淮梅雨的影响。数值试验结果表明，这次台风活动对１９９１年梅雨提前结束起了很大的作用。其影响的物理机制可归纳为：台风扰动热源在对流层激发出的水平流场，减弱了西南季风及其向江淮流域的水汽输送，使江淮流域的水汽通量辐合减小，影响东亚夏季风的经向垂直环流圈，抑制了江淮流域梅雨期的季风环流，促使西太平洋副高北跳，使梅雨结束。  相似文献   

Evaluation and improvement of wastewater treatment plant performance using BioWin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

操家顺  冯骞  王淦  薛朝霞  方芳 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(2):468-476

In this study,the activated sludge model implemented in the BioWin software was validated against full-scale wastewater treatment plant data. Only two stoichiometric parameters(Y p /acetic and the heterotrophic yield(Y H)) required calibration. The value 0.42 was used for Yp /acetic in this study,while the default value of the BioWin software is 0.49,making it comparable with the default values of the corresponding parameter(yield of phosphorus release to substrate uptake(YPO4)) used in ASM2,ASM2 d,and ASM3 P,respectively. Three scenarios were evaluated to improve the performance of the wastewater treatment plant,the possibility of wasting sludge from either the aeration tank or the secondary clarifier,the construction of a new oxidation ditch,and the construction of an equalization tank. The results suggest that construction of a new oxidation ditch or an equalization tank for the wastewater treatment plant is not necessary. However,sludge should be wasted from the aeration tank during wet weather to reduce the solids loading of the clarifiers and avoid effluent violations. Therefore,it is recommended that the design of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) should include flexibility to operate the plants in various modes. This is helpful in selection of the appropriate operating mode when necessary,resulting in substantial reductions in operating costs.  相似文献   

一次层状云降水过程微物理机制的数值模拟研究   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4  

杨洁帆  雷恒池  胡朝霞 《大气科学》2010,34(2):275-289

层状云由于在水平上较为均匀, 可以用一维模式来模拟其云微物理过程。因此, 本文使用一个包含详细微物理过程的一维层状云分档模式结合地面Doppler雷达、 PMS观测资料, 对2007年7月1日吉林省一次锋面抬升引起的层状云降水系统进行了模拟研究。计算结果详细地刻画了水滴、 霰、 雪花和冰晶粒子谱分布、 含水量在垂直高度上的分布与变化, 并定量分析了该例中冰晶层、 混合层和暖层中凝华、 凝结、 碰并等微物理过程对粒子谱型的影响, 以及冰晶层、 混合层和暖层对地面降水的贡献率。结果表明, 在该例中, 冰晶层对混合层的播撒以直径D＜300 μm的小冰晶粒子为主。从混合层播撒D＞100 μm的水滴粒子以及未完全融化的冰晶粒子对暖层中小云滴粒子的碰并收集作用较强, 同时, 一部分降水粒子在暖层内可通过随机碰并机制产生。三层云对降水的贡献分别为3.5%、 38.5%和58%。三层云中若缺少混合层, 地面降水仅为0.475 mm/h, 谱宽920 μm, 且雨滴粒子数浓度较高; 若无暖层, 降水时间滞后, 雨强增加缓慢, 地面降水达0.807 mm/h, 雨滴粒子谱宽达1500 μm; 无冰晶层时, 降水强度与三层俱全时的模拟结果基本一致, 降水及雨滴谱的改变非常微弱。  相似文献