Towards a climate event stratigraphy for New Zealand over the past 30 000 years (NZ‐INTIMATE project)     

Brent V. Alloway  David J. Lowe  David J. A. Barrell  Rewi M. Newnham  Peter C. Almond  Paul C. Augustinus  Nancy A. N. Bertler  Lionel Carter  Nicola J. Litchfield  Matt S. McGlone  Jamie Shulmeister  Marcus J. Vandergoes  Paul W. Williams  NZ‐INTIMATE members 《第四纪科学杂志》2007,22(1):9-35

It is widely recognised that the acquisition of high‐resolution palaeoclimate records from southern mid‐latitude sites is essential for establishing a coherent picture of inter‐hemispheric climate change and for better understanding of the role of Antarctic climate dynamics in the global climate system. New Zealand is considered to be a sensitive monitor of climate change because it is one of a few sizeable landmasses in the Southern Hemisphere westerly circulation zone, a critical transition zone between subtropical and Antarctic influences. New Zealand has mountainous axial ranges that amplify the climate signals and, consequently, the environmental gradients are highly sensitive to subtle changes in atmospheric and oceanic conditions. Since 1995, INTIMATE has, through a series of international workshops, sought ways to improve procedures for establishing the precise ages of climate events, and to correlate them with high precision, for the last 30 000 calendar years. The NZ‐INTIMATE project commenced in late 2003, and has involved virtually the entire New Zealand palaeoclimate community. Its aim is to develop an event stratigraphy for the New Zealand region over the past 30 000 years, and to reconcile these events against the established climatostratigraphy of the last glacial cycle which has largely been developed from Northern Hemisphere records (e.g. Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Termination I, Younger Dryas). An initial outcome of NZ‐INTIMATE has been the identification of a series of well‐dated, high‐resolution onshore and offshore proxy records from a variety of latitudes and elevations on a common calendar timescale from 30 000 cal. yr BP to the present day. High‐resolution records for the last glacial coldest period (LGCP) (including the LGM sensu stricto) and last glacial–interglacial transition (LGIT) from Auckland maars, Kaipo and Otamangakau wetlands on eastern and central North Island, marine core MD97‐2121 east of southern North Island, speleothems on northwest South Island, Okarito wetland on southwestern South Island, are presented. Discontinuous (fragmentary) records comprising compilations of glacial sequences, fluvial sequences, loess accumulation, and aeolian quartz accumulation in an andesitic terrain are described. Comparisons with ice‐core records from Antarctica (EPICA Dome C) and Greenland (GISP2) are discussed. A major advantage immediately evident from these records apart from the speleothem record, is that they are linked precisely by one or more tephra layers. Based on these New Zealand terrestrial and marine records, a reasonably coherent, regionally applicable, sequence of climatically linked stratigraphic events over the past 30 000 cal. yr is emerging. Three major climate events are recognised: (1) LGCP beginning at ca. 28 000 cal. yr BP, ending at Termination I, ca. 18 000 cal. yr BP, and including a warmer and more variable phase between ca. 27 000 and 21 000 cal. yr BP, (2) LGIT between ca. 18 000 and 11 600 cal. yr BP, including a Lateglacial warm period from ca. 14 800 to 13 500 cal. yr BP and a Lateglacial climate reversal between ca. 13 500 and 11 600 cal. yr BP, and (3) Holocene interglacial conditions, with two phases of greatest warmth between ca. 11 600 and 10 800 cal. yr BP and from ca. 6 800 to 6 500 cal. yr BP. Some key boundaries coincide with volcanic tephras. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于影像方位信息的三维建模关键技术研究与应用     

王震  林佳 《北京测绘》2018,32(3):331-334

三维模型以其直观性、客观性和真实性等特性,成为数字城市建设的重要组成部分。本文针对传统三维建模纹理检索、纹理映射存在的一些问题,主要利用纹理、模型的方位信息,对三维建模的关键技术纹理检索、纹理映射进行研究,改进传统三维建模纹理检索不高的缺陷,并利用OpenGL纹理映射进行三维建模实验,通过实验验证本文讨论方法的可行性,以期在实际的三维建模生产中能够进行应用。  相似文献   

阵发性洪水条件下辫状河型冲积扇构型研究:以准噶尔盆地西北缘现代白杨河冲积扇为例^*          下载免费PDF全文

纪友亮  张月  周勇  计璐璐  任红燕  郭姗姗  高晨曦  马铮涛  刘笑语  刘大卫  段小兵  桓芝俊  高崇龙  郭瑞婧  庞传梦  孙佳  杨栋吉 《古地理学报》2023,25(2):255-276

白杨河冲积扇是由阵发性洪水期的碎屑流沉积物与间洪期辫状河沉积物组成的复合型冲积扇,其构型与碎屑流扇的构型和河流型扇的构型有很大的不同。本研究选取准噶尔盆地西北缘干旱气候下发育的现代白杨河冲积扇作为解剖实例,对103个天然剖面和9个人工大型探槽进行了详细测量,在沉积微相及不同级别的沉积构型的观测和分析的基础上,分析了阵发性洪水条件下间歇性辫状河型冲积扇体的地貌单元的演化过程和沉积构型特征,研究不同流态的阵发性洪水条件下各种建造和改造机制,明确受阵发性洪水控制的间歇性辫状河型冲积扇的沉积特征,建立了其沉积构型模式。认为: 在洪水期,阵发性洪流(碎屑流)形成席状化的片流(或片洪)沉积,在洪退期,随着洪水强度的减弱,又转变为辫流沉积,而在间洪期,仍有持续的辫状流体(牵引流)在限制性的水道中流动,并对洪水期的碎屑流沉积物进行改造,形成了限制性的(条带状的)辫状河道沉积,2个时期的沉积物在时空上频繁叠置,形成了一种更加复杂的沉积构型。该模式对油田地下冲积扇砂砾储集层的成因识别、预测及对比具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

崩落法开采引起的岩层移动时效性研究     

刘轩廷  陈从新  夏开宗  郑先伟  王田龙  袁家好 《岩土力学》2023,(2):563-576

崩落法开采的金属矿山往往会伴随着一系列的地质灾害现象。为保证矿区安全生产,开展崩落法开采引起的岩层移动的时效性研究具有重要意义。以程潮铁矿西区下盘为研究对象,通过将地表10多年GPS监测数据的整理分析,并与现场破坏调查结果和工程地质条件相结合,进而探究不同分区下岩层移动的时效行为。研究结果表明：岩层移动的时效行为与其破坏过程有着密切的关系,不同分区下的岩层移动的时效行为是不同的,可分为初始变形、渐进变形、加速变形和残余变形共4个阶段,分别对应着稳定状态、临界状态、失稳状态以及采矿结束后的蠕变状态;初始变形阶段对应着岩体的初始蠕变过程,渐进变形阶段反映了岩体抵抗自身变形的过程,加速变形阶段与深部破坏面的形成和强烈的应力释放有关;崩落碎石在采矿作业停止后失去了流动空间,在岩体变形挤压下会对围岩提供支撑力进而限制了岩层移动的进一步发展;残余变形时间由岩体的蠕变特性和崩落碎石的压密过程所控制,倾倒滑移区因需要经历一个额外的碎石压密过程而导致残余变形时间更长。  相似文献   

新疆博格达山北缘二叠纪中—晚期构造运动的沉积响应     

鲁智帅  谢庆宾  张津宁  祁利祺  许涛  陈佳  相泓含 《地质论评》2023,69(3):2023030020-2023030020

博格达山北缘是准噶尔盆地与天山造山带之间的关键部位,是研究盆山关系的重点区域。博格达山北缘二叠纪中、晚期的构造演化与沉积时空演变关系存在较大争议。本研究通过野外实地勘测、镜下岩石薄片鉴定、粒度分析实验和地震资料解析等方法,针对博格达山北缘东、西部两条剖面—大龙口剖面和井井子沟剖面开展研究,分析其沉积类型和演变过程,解析盆山构造变形和发育特征,探讨构造运动的沉积响应。研究结果表明：瓜德鲁普统乌拉泊组为湖成三角洲相,井井子沟组至红雁池组为湖泊相,乐平统泉子街组为冲积扇—河流相沉积,梧桐沟组和锅底坑组为滨浅湖—三角洲相沉积;研究区可分为两个主要构造层,下构造层以伸展断陷为主要结构,上构造层以前陆冲断为主要构造变形;多期构造活动控制瓜德鲁普统、乐平统沉积演化过程,在挤压构造背景下,瓜德鲁普统的湖泊相转变为乐平统冲积扇—河流相沉积,晚期构造活动趋于稳定,区域进入准平原化作用阶段。  相似文献   

Hydraulic Conductivity from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logs in Sediments with Elevated Magnetic Susceptibilities     

Heather Crow  Daniel Paradis  Elliot Grunewald  Xiao Xia Liang  Hazen A.J. Russell 《Ground water》2022,60(3):377-392

This study examined the application of slim-hole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tools to estimate hydraulic conductivity (K_NMR) in an unconsolidated aquifer that contains a range of grain sizes (silt to gravel) and high and variable magnetic susceptibilities (MS) (10⁻⁴ to 10⁻² SI). A K calibration dataset was acquired at 1-m intervals in three fully screened wells, and compared to K_NMR estimates using the Schlumberger-Doll research (SDR) equation with published empirical constants developed from previous studies in unconsolidated sediments. While K_NMR using published constants was within an order of magnitude of K, the agreement, overprediction, or underprediction of K_NMR varied with the MS distribution in each well. An examination of the effects of MS on NMR data and site-specific empirical constants indicated that the exponent on T_2ML (n-value in the SDR equation, representing the diffusion regime) was found to have the greatest influence on K_NMR estimation accuracy, while NMR porosity did not improve the prediction of K. K_NMR was further improved by integrating an MS log into the NMR analyses. A first approach detrended T_2ML for the effects of MS prior to calculating K_NMR, and a second approach introduced an MS term into the SDR equation. Both were found to produce similar refinements of K_NMR in intervals of elevated MS. This study found that low frequency NMR logging with short echo times shows promise for sites with moderate to elevated MS levels, and recommends a workflow that examines parameter relationships and integrates MS logs into the estimation of K_NMR.  相似文献   

2020年2月18日长清M_S4.1地震发震构造研究     

戴宗辉  李冬梅  王鹏  郑建常  王志才  李霞 《地震》2022,42(1):111-121

本文利用基于波形互相关的双差定位方法对2020年2月18日长清M_S4.1地震序列进行了精定位计算, 共得到33个地震事件的精定位结果。 结果显示, 地震序列主要沿NW向分布, 在水平方向上具有自NW向SE迁移, 在深度上具有由浅向深迁移的特征; 序列震源深度主要集中在2~7 km, 其中, 主震的震源深度约2.8 km。 由于长清地震序列的地震数量较少, 为了更准确地了解长清地震序列的发震构造、 探索该序列的发生和发展过程, 本文采用CAP方法反演了主震的震源机制解, 其中, 节面Ⅰ走向223°、 倾角42°、 滑动角-160°, 节面Ⅱ走向117.9°、 倾角76.8°、 滑动角-49.8°, 最佳拟合震源矩心深度约2.8 km, 矩震级M_W4.2。 结合区域构造特征分析认为, 长清M_S4.1地震的发震断裂为孝里铺断裂和东阿断裂之间发育的一条浅层次生断裂。 在ENE向区域应力场作用下, 发震断裂产生高角度正断滑动, 并伴有左旋走滑分量, 从而引发长清地震序列。  相似文献   

基于实地调研的中国西南地区不同震级人员死亡数量研究     

范熙伟  聂高众  邓砚  夏朝旭  李华玥 《中国地震》2022,38(3):537-549

地震是造成人员死亡最严重的自然灾害之一,震后对人员死亡等灾情的快速评估是地震应急响应和救援的关键。总结经验发现,在地震前进行预评估工作是提高震后灾情快速评估精度和时效性的有效手段。通过对62次发生在我国西南地区的历史震例分析后发现,当地震震级小于4.5级时,基本不会造成人员死亡情况。本研究利用我国云南和四川部分区县的实地调研数据,发现地震人员死亡数与震级存在指数函数关系,由此构建了针对各个区县的地震人员死亡人数指数函数估算模型,并计算了回归系数。基于该模型,获得了5.0～8.0级地震人员死亡数查找表(以0.5级为间隔),用于辅助震后快速评估工作。  相似文献   

2016年新疆轮台M_S 5.3地震序列尾波Q_c值分析     

李姗姗  张小飞  李晓东  夏爱国 《地震地磁观测与研究》2022,43(3):18-24

基于Sato单次散射模型,利用轮台地震台单台记录,计算并分析2016年1月14日新疆轮台M_S5.3地震及余震序列尾波Q_c值震后变化,拟合得出Q_c值随频率的变化关系为Q_c (f) =（18.0±3.19）f^1.184±0.072。结果表明,Q_c值在序列初期起伏较大,随着强震后能量的释放,Q_c值趋于平缓;低频段的Q_c值在较大余震发生前有显著变化;不同中心频率点的Q_c值变化形态不一致。对Q_c值变化特征的研究,可为地震预报提供参考依据。  相似文献   

CT评价继发性下肢淋巴水肿分级的价值研究     

郭佳  沈文彬  信建峰  张春燕  王仁贵  董健 《CT理论与应用研究》2022,31(2):237-243

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