土质滑坡运动全过程物质点法模拟及其应用     

张巍  史卜涛  施斌  张云  吴方东 《工程地质学报》2017,25(3):815-823

物质点法（MPM）属于一种无网格数值计算方法,它可导入各种土体本构模型,考虑土体流固耦合行为,能够有效模拟土质滑坡大变形及超大变形。本文介绍了物质点法基本原理、控制方程与求解格式;基于5种物质点法的多孔介质表征模型,简要回顾了土质滑坡运动全过程物质点法模拟的最新研究进展。采用单套单相物质点模型,对深圳“12·20”人工堆填土滑坡全过程进行了物质点法模拟,使用了线性加载方式确定初始应力场,并使用了Drucker-Prager屈服准则弹塑性本构模型、GIMP算法与MUSL求解格式。模拟结果表明,该边坡发生失稳后,最大滑距达510m,滑坡范围纵向间距为1050m,最小滑坡角5.95°,均与观测结果相吻合。土体内部等效塑性应变区的演化趋势显示,滑坡机制为渐进式破坏,具体表现为:坡趾土体首先沿基岩界面发生剪切破坏,随后坡顶出现拉张裂隙,坡趾与坡顶塑性区分别沿基岩界面向坡体内部发育,形成贯通滑动面后滑动加速,超大变形出现。物质点法模拟滑坡运动全过程有助于理解滑坡致灾行为,可为滑坡防治提供参考。  相似文献   

西大别芳畈花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义     

武昱东  王宗起  刘成新  贾少华  张晗  吴波  王刚 《地质学报》2017,91(2):315-333

本文通过对西大别大悟芳畈地区黑云母花岗岩和石英正长岩花岗岩两种岩体的地球化学分析及U-Pb同位素测试,得到如下认识:黑云母花岗岩和石英正长岩花岗岩总体特征相似,主量元素表现为高SiO2(平均77.2%)、过铝质(A/CNK指数在1.03~1.13),碱度率在5.43~7.23,属碱性系列;ΣREE平均62.4×10-6,(Ce/Yb)N均值为0.67,(La/Yb)N均值为0.97,呈现平缓仅Eu亏损(δEu均值0.20)的"海鸥型";大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K等相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti等呈明显的负异常,说明岩浆源岩以陆壳成分为主;Ga/Al均值为3.16,Zr+Nb+Ce+Y均值为578;锆石饱和温度为833~877℃,稀土元素饱和浓度温度为773~862℃,表明初始岩浆温度较高。上述特征说明,芳畈花岗岩为典型的A型花岗岩,形成于中上地壳的板内伸展背景。用LA-ICPMS测得的黑云母花岗岩中锆石的U-Pb年龄为773.0±1.6 Ma(MSWD=0.96,n=33),石英正长花岗岩形成的年龄为759.8±2.3 Ma(MSWD=1.6,n=28),表明其形成于新元古代洋陆俯冲的构造背景,是这一时期大陆边缘弧岩浆作用的产物。芳畈花岗岩体形成时代早于其外围地层,是经后期构造改造形成的混杂岩带,其岩浆作用与岩体外围的铜成矿作用无直接联系。  相似文献   

近年来人类活动影响下长江河口的变化模式     

王成龙  赵一飞  邹欣庆  许鑫王豪  葛晨东 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(4):87-96

To evaluate the controlling factors for coastline change of the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary since 1974,we extracted the mean high tide line from multi-temporal remote sensing images that span from 1974 to 2014 at 2-year intervals.We chose 42 scenes to constrain the changing pattern of the Changjiang Estuary coastline,and implemented GIS technology to analyze the area change of the Changjiang(Yangtze) Subaerial Delta.Runoff,sediment discharge and coastal engineering were withal considered in the analysis of the coastline changes.The coastline has transgressed seaward since 1974,and a part of it presents inter-annual variations.The area of the Changjiang Subaerial Delta increased by 871 km2,with a net accretion rate of 21.8 km2/a.Based on the change of sediment discharge due to the major projects in the Changjiang River Basin,we divided the changing pattern of the coastline into three stages:the slow accretion stage(1974–1986),the moderate accretion stage(1987–2002),and the rapid accretion stage(2003–2014).Liner regression analysis illustrated that there is a significantly positive correlation between the area changes and sediment discharge in the Chongming Eastern Shoal and Jiuduansha.This suggested that sediment load has a fundamental effect on the evolution of the Changjiang Estuary.Construction of Deep Waterway in the North Passage of the Changjiang River(1998–2010) led to a rapid accretion in the Hengsha Eastern Shoal and Jiuduansha by influencing the hydrodynamics in North Passage.Coastal engineering such as reclamation and harbor construction can also change the morphology of the Changjiang Estuary.We defined a contribution rate of area change to assess the impact of reclamation on the evolution of Changjiang Estuary.It turned out that more than 45.3% of area increment of the Changjiang Estuary was attributed to reclamation.  相似文献   

苏北滨海湿地互花米草潮滩CO₂,CH₄和N₂O通量的日变化规律     

许鑫王豪  傅光翮  邹欣庆  葛晨东  赵一飞 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(4):105-113

The invasions of the alien species such as Spartina alterniflora along the northern Jiangsu coastlines have posed a threat to biodiversity and the ecosystem function.Yet,limited attention has been given to their potential influence on greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions,including the diurnal variations of GHG fluxes that are fundamental in estimating the carbon and nitrogen budget.In this study,we examined the diurnal variation in fluxes of carbon dioxide(CO_2),methane(CH_4),and nitrous oxide(N2O) from a S.alterniflora intertidal flat in June,October,and December of 2013 and April of 2014 representing the summer,autumn,winter,and spring seasons,respectively.We found that the average CH_4 fluxes on the diurnal scale were positive during the growing season while negative otherwise.The tidal flat of S.alterniflora acted as a source of CH_4 in summer(June) and a combination of source and sink in other seasons.We observed higher diurnal variations in the CO_2 and N_2O fluxes during the growing season(1 536.5 mg CO_2 m~(–2) h~(–1) and 25.6 μg N_2O m~(–2) h~(–1)) compared with those measured in the non-growing season(379.1 mg CO_2 m~(–2) h~(–1) and 16.5 μg N_2O m~(–2) h~(–1)).The mean fluxes of CH_4 were higher at night than that in the daytime during all the seasons but October.The diurnal variation in the fluxes of CO_2 in June and N_2O in December fluctuated more than that in October and April.However,two peak curves in October and April were observed for the diurnal changes in CO_2 and N_2O fluxes(prominent peaks were found in the morning of October and in the afternoon of April,respectively).The highest diurnal variation in the N_2O fluxes took place at 15:00(86.4 μg N_2O m~(–2) h~(–1)) in June with an unimodal distribution.Water logging in October increased the emission of CO_2(especially at nighttime),yet decreased N_2O and CH_4 emissions to a different degree on the daily scale because of the restrained diffusion rates of the gases.The seasonal and diurnal variations of CH_4 and CO_2 fluxes did not correlate to the air and soil temperatures,whereas the seasonal and diurnal variation of the fluxes of N_2O in June exhibited a significant correlation with air temperature.When N_2O and CH_4 fluxes were converted to CO_2-e equivalents,the emissions of N_2O had a remarkable potential to impact the global warming.The mean daily flux(MF) and total daily flux(TDF) were higher in the growing season,nevertheless,the MF and TDF of CO_2 were higher in October and those of CH_4 and N_2O were higher in June.In spite of the difference in the optimal sampling times throughout the observation period,our results obtained have implications for sampling and scaling strategies in estimating the GHG fluxes in coastal saline wetlands.  相似文献   

论证南海海疆国界线   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王颖  葛晨东  邹欣庆 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(4):1-12

According to a series of important historical maps,i.e.,the Location Map of the South China Sea Islands,the Nansha Islands,Zhongsha Islands,Xisha Islands,Yongxing Island and Shidao Island,and Taiping Island(archived by the Territorial Administration Division of the Ministry of Interior of Republic of China in 1946),and the Administration District Map of the Republic of China published in 1948,the dashed line surrounding the South China Sea Islands represents China's sea boundary in the South China Sea at that time.It was both connected with,and an extension of,the land boundary of China.At that time the dashed line was used to represent the waters boundaries while the solid line was used to represent the land boundary—a universal method used in maps that was then recognized internationally.The above observation provides historical and scientific evidence of China's sea boundary in the South China Sea that is useful for the international maritime delimitation over the South China Sea area.  相似文献   

地理空间数据来源本体及其在数据关联中的应用     

李威蓉  诸云强  宋佳  孙凯  杨杰 《地球信息科学学报》2017,19(10):1261-1269

数据来源是数据可靠性评价的重要参考因素,是地理空间数据本体的重要研究内容。本文针对来源这一重要的地理空间数据研究对象,系统地分析了地理空间数据来源的涵义,建立了地理空间数据来源本体模型,在此基础上,提出了地理空间数据来源本体的概念体系和来源本体概念间关系及其属性的形式化表达方法,并构建出地理空间数据来源本体。最后,以“科技基础性工作专项”项目数据资料为例,基于来源本体库,利用RDF从来源角度实现数据的语义关联,通过web前端框架D3.js技术实现数据与其来源信息的可视化。结果表明,基于来源本体的数据关联可以有效解决数据来源信息描述不规范的问题以及能够支持地学数据语义检索、智能推荐等应用,为促进地学数据共享和数据关联应用提供了一种新方法和新思路。  相似文献   

夏季西太平洋副热带高压的客观定量化预测及其对汛期降水的指示   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨杰  封国林  赵俊虎  张志森 《气象学报》2012,70(5):1032-1044

基于动力统计相似预报原理,将模式误差动力统计预报方案应用于西太平洋副热带高压的客观定量化预测,通过交叉检验距平相关系数,筛选出对副热带高压区域的500 hPa高度场模式预报结果订正较好的因子作为前期关键因子集.对2003-2010年的副热带高压区域的500 hPa高度场进行了回报检验,结果显示该方案在数值模式预报结果基础上有了进一步提高,显示出较高的预测水平.在此基础上,从高度场预测结果中提取出与中国降水关系最为密切的两个典型副热带高压特征指数(脊线指数与西伸脊点指数),将其投影在二维平面上,并根据不同类型的副热带高压特征下对应的雨型分类特征得到预报年副热带高压所属类型下中国夏季降水的分布类型,多年检验结果表明,预测的投影类型所对应的降水合成分布与实况的降水具有较好的一致性,进一步验证此种副热带高压与雨型分类的合理性,达到通过副热带高压的定量化预测对夏季的旱涝分布形式进行预测的目的,为进一步提高汛期降水预测水平提供一种可能的思路.  相似文献   

基于GIS的三维虚拟校园设计与实现     

於永东  路明月  许笛  张翔 《南京气象学院学报》2012,4(1):81-86

三维GIS技术近来迅猛发展,受到了广泛关注.较二维GIS而言,三维GIS能更真实地表达客观世界,且对空间对象进行三维显示、分析和操作也是三维GIS特有的功能.以南京信息工程大学为例,介绍了利用三维GIS技术进行虚拟校园建设的过程,阐述了基于GoogleSketchUp和ArcGIS的三维可视化设计方法进行三维场景建模与优化、虚拟校园系统功能设计以及三维场景的浏览功能、建筑物属性的查询功能、路径分析和动画输出等功能的实现技术.最后指出了系统存在的问题,并提出了下一步的研究方向.  相似文献   

华北汛期降水多因子相似订正方案与预报试验   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

杨杰  赵俊虎  郑志海 《大气科学》2012,36(1):11-22

本文基于动力—相似预报的基本原理, 在已初步建立的华北汛期降水模式的动态最优多因子组合相似订正方案工作基础上, 研究前期关键因子之间的相互配置对夏季降水的影响, 挑选关键的大气环流预报因子。根据预报年前期气候因子的异常状况, 通过EOF压缩自由度进行相似年选取, 进一步构建了基于前期异常信号的汛期降水相似订正预报方案。研究发现, 预报年前期大气环流中异常因子个数的偏多或偏少与该年华北降水的多寡呈现较好的对应关系, 并以异常因子的个数状况作为判断该年是否为异常年的标准, 将异常多因子方案与动态最优多因子方案相结合, 建立模式误差相似订正的多因子综合预报方案。通过诊断分析发现, 该方案对降水异常年有着较好的针对性。2003～2009年7年的独立样本回报结果表明: 该方法进一步提高了模式对华北汛期降水的预报能力, 将华北汛期降水预报的距平相关系数 (ACC) 平均分从系统订正结果的0.38提高至0.61, 具有良好的业务应用前景。  相似文献   

铺设集束管道的最佳排列型式及当量管径计算     

王首智  揣东明  郭晓军 《岩土钻凿工程》2010,(5):1-4

孔／管直径比是水平定向钻进铺管的重要基础设计参数,当铺设集束管道时,管道的排列型式及当量管径计算直接影响孔／管直径比的确定。采用几何方法研究最佳排列型式及当量管径计算问题,提出一定数量的集束管应以对应的正多边形排列为最佳型式,同时给出了当量管径的计算方法、公式与简表。  相似文献