构造活动盆地沉积层序形成过程模拟——以断陷和前陆盆地为例   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

林畅松  刘景彦  胡博 《沉积学报》2010,28(5):868-874

应用二维层序地层模拟系统开展了构造活动盆地沉积层序的形成过程的动态模拟分析,揭示了同沉积断裂活动、湖平面变化及沉积物供给量变化相互作用对沉积层序形成的控制作用。模拟表明,快速的构造沉降、相对高的湖平面和大量的沉积物供给是形成相对深水扇三角洲的必要条件;而沉积物的供给量变小或构造沉降量加大时有利于形成近岸湖底扇或水下扇。模拟揭示出断陷湖盆陡坡边缘断裂形成的古地貌坡折控制着低水位域浊积扇或湖底扇的发育部位,同时对水进或高位域的三角洲前缘的沉积中心的分布具控制作用。断裂坡折带的构造沉降是控制可容纳空间变化的关键因素。在陆内前陆逆冲构造边缘,层序发育早期（底部）发育冲积扇和河流沉积,但由于相对快的构造沉降形成水进序列;在快速沉降的晚期沉降速率减小,碎屑体系向盆地方向推进,形成广泛河流三角洲沉积。由隐伏逆冲断裂形成的构造坡折带对低位域的分布具控制作用。在构造坡折带下的低位域砂体与上覆的水进域泥岩组合可形成重要的地层油气藏。  相似文献   

东濮凹陷北部古近系沙三中段沉积体系特征及充填模式          下载免费PDF全文

周进松  于兴河  杜海峰  刘超 《沉积与特提斯地质》2010,30(3):90-95

依靠大量的岩心观察、测井、地震和分析化验资料,对东濮凹陷北部古近系沙三中段沉积体系类型、分布规律和充填模式进行了研究。认为沙三中段主要为湖相背景下各类三角洲前缘沉积,如扇三角洲前缘、辫状三角洲前缘和正常三角洲前缘。在沉积体系研究的基础上,分析研究区北区、中区、南区3个不同区带沉积充填特征,并建立了整个凹陷北部沉积相平面分布模式。  相似文献   

中越典型港湾海岸线与围填海的遥感比较——以防城湾和海防港为例          下载免费PDF全文

龚照辉  时连强  张达恒  张华国 《海洋学研究》2022,40(3):62-72

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地名文化景观基因信息链与仿生模型构建——以南海诸岛地名为例     

王涛  武友德  李灿松  李君  陈长瑶  葛旭瑞  刘宇斯 《世界地理研究》2023,(10):28-40

地名作为一种既可悟又可视的文化景观,是地域文化在地表的凝结与保留,为了延续南海蓝色地名文化,以南海诸岛地名为例,基于景观基因理论在建立南海诸岛地名文化景观基因编码信息链和基因谱系的基础上,构建南海诸岛地名文化景观基因DNA双螺旋仿生模型。研究发现：(1)南海诸岛地名文化景观基因类似于时空演化下的“遗传”优势,表现为基因信息链上自然类基因与人文类基因的融合,凸显中国多元文化基因的优势;(2)南海诸岛地名文化景观基因谱系呈现独特的“琼人俗名”根性四维,印证了南海渔民在渔业生产和航海实践不断发展进程中海洋文化的赓续;(3)南海诸岛地名文化景观基因分长时性遗传形DNA、暂时性变异形DNA和韧性复合形DNA,显示了中国地名文化景观基因母链DNA在遗传和表达上“名从主人”的原则。本文研究可为南海诸岛地名文化景观基因信息有效传承和存储,以及维护中国领土主权完整与安全提供理论借鉴。  相似文献   

协同多时相波谱特征的不透水面信息级联提取     

帅艳民  马现伟  曲歌  邵聪颖  刘涛  刘守民  黄华兵  谷玲霄  拉提帕•吐尔汗江  梁继  李玲 《地球信息科学学报》2021,23(1):171-186

不透水面作为反应城市表征变化和区域城镇化的重要技术指标,其位置、图斑大小、空间分布等信息在地表水热循环和能量平衡等领域被广泛需求。传统方法大都基于单一时相信息提取不透水面,而忽略多时相所蕴含的丰富信息。因此,本文提出多时相信息融合的不透水面级联提取方法,利用Landsat-8 OLI遥感影像分析归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI）、改进的归一化水体指数（Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, MNDWI）和归一化建筑指数（Normalized Difference Building Index, NDBI）年内时序变化特点和典型地物间多时相波谱曲线的协同特征,并归纳不透水面多时相变化规律;再根据先验知识所获取的有效地表信息,进行多时相分级提取不透水面信息。此外,基于实地考察数据和同期2 m GF-1遥感影像屏幕数字化生成30 m不透水面图斑,进行精度验证、分析和对比单时相、四季相及多时相3种时序情况下的提取精度。结果表明：单时相提取不透水面总精度最低,四季相提取精度优于单时相,而多时相提取精度最高（精度可达93.66%,Kappa系数为0.81）。本方法在偏远城镇不透水面的有效识别中显露潜在优势,可为不透水面提取方法融合时序波谱特征提供新思路。  相似文献   

Soil and vegetation seasonal changes in the grazing Andean Mountain grasslands     

MU?OZ María ángeles  FAZ ángel 《山地科学学报》2014,11(5):1123-1137

Andean grasslands ecosystems are fragile environments with rigorous climatologic conditions and low and variable food for the grazing. The Apolobamba area is located in the Bolivian Andean Mountains. Its high grasslands provide a natural habitat for wild and domestic camelids such as vicuna（Vicugna vicugna） and alpaca（Lama pacos）. The botanical diversity plays an essential role in maintaining vital ecosystem functions. The objectives of this research were to determine the seasonal changes in soil properties, to study the vegetation changes during the wet and dry seasons and the influence of soil properties and camelid densities on the vegetation in the Apolobamba grasslands. Four zones with different vicuna populations were selected to be studied. The following soil parameters were determined： total organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cations, pH and texture. The vegetation season changes were studied through botanical identification, above-ground biomass, plant cover and species richness. Results showed that some soil properties such as C/N ratio, CEC, silt and clay percentages kept stable against the seasonal changes. Generally, soil nutrients were relatively higher during the dry season in the surface and subsurface. The results did not point out the predominant vegetation growth during the wet season. The seasonal vegetation growth depended on each species. Thegood soil fertility corresponded to the highest plant cover. Soil fertility presented no influence on the above-ground biomass of the collected species. The negative influence of camelid grazing on soil properties could not be assessed. However, overgrazing could affect some plant species. Therefore, protection is needed in order to preserve the biodiversity in the Andean mountain grasslands.  相似文献   

Biodiversity and invasibility: Distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

BHATTARAI Khem Raj  M?REN Inger Elisabeth  SUBEDI Suresh Chandra 《山地科学学报》2014,11(3):688-696

Invasive plant species are exerting a serious threat to biological diversity in many regions of the world. To understand plant invasions this study aims to test which of the two plant invasiveness hypotheses; ‘low native diversity' vs. ‘high native diversity', is supported by the regional distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal. This study is based on data retrieved from published literatures and herbarium specimens. The relationship between invasive plant species distribution patterns and that of native plant species is elucidated by scatter plots, as well as by generalized linear models. The native plant species and invasive plant species have similar distribution patterns and the maximum number of invasive plant species is found in the same altitudinal range where the highest richness for native tree species is found. There is a clear trend of higher invasive plant richness in regions where native tree species richness is relatively high.Consequently, the native plant richness is highest in the central phytogeographic region, followed by the eastern and the western regions, respectively. The invasive plant species also follows a similar trend.Additionally, the invasive plant species richness was positively correlated with anthropogenic factors such as human population density and the number of visiting tourists. This study supports the hypothesis that ‘high native diversity' supports or facilitates invasive plant species. Further, it indicates that nativeand invasive plant species may require similar natural conditions, but that the invasive plant species seem more dependent and influenced by anthropogenic disturbance factors.  相似文献   

Earthquakes as a potential contributing factor to climate change at multi-decadal scale     

KeYan Fang  Heikki Sepp? 《寒旱区科学》2014,6(2):0131-0138

Climate changes at the multi-decadal scale are often associated with multi-decadal phase shifts of the dominant sea surface temperature （SST） pattern, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）. The PDO may be associated with the North Pacific branch of the Thermohaline Circulation （THC）. Great earthquakes （M 〉8）, particularly along the route of the THC, might modulate the vertical mixing and bring deep, cold water to surface, contributing to multi-decadal changes in surface currents and the PDO. This may eventually lead to multi-decadal climate changes. We tested this hypothesis for the Pacific Ocean where great earthquakes have been frequently recorded. We found associations between the PDO and recurrent earthquakes along the route of the deep currents of the THC in the modern period since 1900, and relationships between hydroclimate change in Monsoonal Asia and historical earthquakes since 1300. However, it should be noted that this hypothesis is very preliminary and has many gaps that needs further evidences from more observational records and modeling studies.  相似文献   

Seasonal changes in sea ice conditions along the Northeast Passage in 2007 and 2012     

Lei Ruibo  Li Na  Li Chunhua  Jónsdóttir Ingibj?rg 《极地研究(英文版)》2014,(4)

Remote sensing data from passive microwave and satellite-based altimeters, associated with the data measured underway, were used to characterize seasonal and spatial changes in sea ice conditions along...  相似文献   

美国资源型城市转型的经验与启示简     

郑娟尔 《河南国土资源》2014,(1):46-47

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