Integrated Reservoir Characterization and Petrophysical Analysis of Cretaceous Sands in Lower Indus Basin,Pakistan     

Perveiz Khalid  Muhammad Irfan Ehsan  Sohail Akram  Zia Ud Din  Shahid Ghazi 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,92(4):465-470

The reservoir character of the Cretaceous sand is evaluated in Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan where water flooding is very common. Thus, prediction of subsurface structure, lithology and reservoir characterization is fundamental for a successful oil or gas discovery. Seismic reflective response is an important tool to detect sub-surface structure. Seismic reflection response is not enough to highlight geological boundaries and fluids in the pore space therefore, the use of integrated approach is vital to map sub-surface heterogeneities with high level of confidence. Based on seismic character and continuity of prominent reflectors four seismic horizons are marked on the seismic sections. All the strata is highly disturbed and distorted with presence of a network of fault bounded horst and graben structures, which indicate that the area was under compressional tectonic regime. These fault bounded geological structure formed structural traps favorable for the accumulation of hydrocarbon. The petrophysical analysis reveals that the Cretaceous sand formation has four types of sand: Sand A, B, C and D with good porosity (15 % average) and low volume of shale. Although complete petroleum system is present with structural traps and reservoir character of sand interval is very good but these sands are highly saturated with water thus are water flooded, which is the main reason of the abundant wells in the study area.  相似文献   

Riverine flood assessment in Jhang district in connection with ENSO and summer monsoon rainfall over Upper Indus Basin for 2010     

Bushra Khalid  Débora Souza Alvim  Shumaila Javeed  Junaid Aziz Khan  Muhammad Asif Javed  Azmat Hayat Khan 《Natural Hazards》2018,92(2):971-993

Pakistan has experienced severe floods over the past decades due to climate variability. Among all the floods, the flood of 2010 was the worst in history. This study focuses on the assessment of (1) riverine flooding in the district Jhang (where Jhelum and Chenab rivers join, and the district was severely flood affected) and (2) south Asiatic summer monsoon rainfall patterns and anomalies considering the case of 2010 flood in Pakistan. The land use/cover change has been analyzed by using Landsat TM 30 m resolution satellite imageries for supervised classification, and three instances have been compared, i.e., pre-flooding, flooding, and post-flooding. The water flow accumulation, drainage density and pattern, and river catchment areas have been calculated by using Shutter Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model 90 m resolution. The standard deviation of south Asiatic summer monsoon rainfall patterns, anomalies and normal (1979–2008) has been calculated for July, August, and September by using rainfall data set of Era interim (0.75° × 0.75° resolution). El Niño Southern Oscillation has also been considered for its role in prevailing rainfall anomalies during the year 2010 over Upper Indus Basin region. Results show the considerable changing of land cover during the three instances in the Jhang district and water content in the rivers. Abnormal rainfall patterns over Upper Indus Basin region prevailed during summer monsoon months in the year 2010 and 2011. The El Niño (2009–2010) and its rapid phase transition to La Niña (2011–2012) may be the cause of severity and disturbances in rainfall patterns during the year 2010. The Geographical Information System techniques and model based simulated climate data sets have been used in this study which can be helpful in developing a monitoring tool for flood management.  相似文献   

Seismicity assessment of Fukushima region,fault kinematics and calculation of PGA value for Idosawa fault in Hamadori area,Japan     

Ahmed  Naseer  Ghazi  Shahid  Sami  Javed 《Natural Hazards》2018,92(2):1065-1079

Natural Hazards - In depth assessment of seismicity distribution for a particular region like Fukushima, prefecture is key towards reliable seismic hazard analysis for the area. Assessment of...  相似文献   

High-resolution monitoring of water temperature and oxygen concentration in Lake Murten (Switzerland)     

Akram El Kateb  Andres Rüggeberg  Claudio Stalder  Christoph Neururer  Silvia Spezzaferri 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2018,111(3):501-510

Lake Murten is located in the Lake District in western Switzerland and so far, it has been poorly investigated. The Environmental Service of Fribourg (SEn) has monitored this lake once a month for several years by water profiles (water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity) at its deepest part. The SEn identified the stratification of water masses as one of the main causes for oxygen consumption in the hypolimnion. In the present study, a Lander System was deployed in Lake Murten from April to September 2015 at 20 m depth at the northwestern part of the lake to monitor water temperature and dissolved oxygen at higher resolution (30 s interval). These records were compared with time series of atmospheric parameters like atmospheric temperature, wind speed and precipitation. A clear correlation of lake temperatures with wind speed was observed during the Spring and Autumn. The water mass stratification evolved through the season and reached its peak during Summer, preventing surface turbulences to reach the deeper part (20 m) of the water column and to partially oxygenate the metalimnion.  相似文献   

Satellite-based analysis of the role of land use/land cover and vegetation density on surface temperature regime of Delhi,India     

Yogesh Kant  B. D. Bharath  Javed Mallick  Clement Atzberger  Norman Kerle 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2009,37(2):201-214

The knowledge of the surface temperature is important to a range of issues and themes in earth sciences central to urban climatology, global environmental change and human-environment interactions. The study analyses land surface temperature (LST) estimation using temporal ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) datasets (day time and night time) over National Capital Territory Delhi using the surface emissivity information at pixel level. The spatial variations of LST over different land use/land cover (LU/LC) at day time and night time were analysed and relationship between the spatial distribution of LU/LC and vegetation density with LST was developed. Minimum noise fraction (MNF) was used for LU/LC classification which gave better accuracy than classification with original bands. The satellite derived emissivity values were found to be in good agreement with literature and field measured values. It was observed that fallow land, waste land/bare soil, commercial/industrial and high dense built-up area have high surface temperature values during day time, compared to those over water bodies, agricultural cropland, and dense vegetation. During night time high surface temperature values are found over high dense built-up, water bodies, commercial/industrial and low dense built-up than over fallow land, dense vegetation and agricultural cropland. It was found that there is a strong negative correlation between surface temperature and NDVI over dense vegetation, sparse vegetation and low dense built-up area while with fraction vegetation cover, it indicates a moderate negative correlation. The results suggest that the methodology is feasible to estimate NDVI, surface emissivity and surface temperature with reasonable accuracy over heterogeneous urban area. The analysis also indicates that the relationship between the spatial distribution of LU/LC and vegetation density is closely related to the development of urban heat islands (UHI).  相似文献   

Application of Analytic Signal and Euler Deconvolution in Archaeo-Magnetic Prospection for Buried Ruins at the Ancient City of Pelusium, NW Sinai, Egypt: A Case Study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Akram Mekhael Aziz  William August Sauck  El-Arabi Hendi Shendi  Mohamed Ahmed Rashed  Mohamed Abd El-Maksoud 《Surveys in Geophysics》2013,34(4):395-411

Progress in the past three decades in geophysical data processing and interpretation techniques was particularly focused in the field of aero-geophysics. The present study is to demonstrate the application of some of these techniques, including Analytic Signal, Located Euler Deconvolution, Standard Euler Deconvolution, and 2D inverse modelling, to help in enhancing and interpreting the archeo-magnetic measurements. A high-resolution total magnetic field survey was conducted at the ancient city of Pelusium (name derived from the ancient Pelusiac branch of the Nile, and recently called Tell el-Farama), located in the northwestern corner of the Sinai Peninsula. The historical city had served as a harbour throughout the Egyptian history. Different ruins at the site have been dated back to late Pharaonic, Graeco-Roman, Byzantine, Coptic, and Islamic periods. An area of 10,000 m², to the west of the famous huge red brick citadel of Pelusium, was surveyed using the magnetic method. The chosen location was recommended by the Egyptian archaeologists, where they suspected the presence of buried foundations of a temple to the gods Zeus and Kasios. The interpretation of the results revealed interesting shallow-buried features, which may represent the Temple’s outer walls. These walls are elongated in the same azimuth as the northern wall of the citadel, which supports the hypothesis of a controlling feature such as a former seacoast or shore of a distributary channel.  相似文献   

Physical and numerical investigation of a cemented granular assembly of steel spheres     

M. S. Akram  G. B. Sharrock 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2010,34(18):1896-1934

In this paper, steel spheres embedded in a cement matrix were studied using numerical and physical ISRM testing procedures. A challenge in discrete element simulations is to select appropriate micro‐mechanical models and parameters, to recover the observed macro‐mechanical behavior. An ideal experiment on cohesive granular assemblies constructed identical to numerical ones would validate these micro models for a set of measured micro‐parameters. The first part of the paper summarizes the previous studies in this area, outlines such experimental methodology and depicts the steps followed for the preparation and the testing of cemented granular assemblies together with the derivation of micro‐parameters. The second part discusses the results of numerical and physical ISRM standard tests including uniaxial and triaxial compression, Brazilian tensile and shear box tests. Physical samples were prepared using steel balls bonded with Portland cement, cured under controlled laboratory conditions and tested in compression, tension and shearing. Acoustic emissions were monitored in uniaxial tests to characterize the damage thresholds relative to volumetric strains. Numerical simulations were conducted with PFC 3D using micro‐mechanical parameters derived from physical testing. Parametric sensitivity studies were carried out to look into the dependency of macroscopic responses on the parameters. The results from both numerical and physical tests showed good correspondence in macroscopic behavior i.e. peak strength, stages of damage, mode of failures. However, the numerical simulations reflected a stiffer mechanical response than physical assemblies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Use of satellite data for tectonic interpretation,nw Himalaya     

Chirashree?Mohanty  Dibya?J.?BaralEmail author  Javed?N.?Malik 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2004,32(3):241-247

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A semi-analytical time integration for numerical solution of Boussinesq equation     

Guoping Tang  Akram N. Alshawabkeh 《Advances in water resources》2006,29(12):1953-1968

A semi-analytical time integration method is proposed for the numerical simulation of transient groundwater flow in unconfined aquifers by the nonlinear Boussinesq equation. The method is based on the analytical solution of the system of ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients. While it is unconditionally stable and more accurate than the finite difference methods, the computational cost is much more expensive than (can be more than 10 times) that of the finite difference methods for a single time step. However, by partitioning the nonlinear parameters into linear and nonlinear parts, the costly computation can be performed only once. With larger and less variable time step sizes, the total computational cost can be significantly reduced. Three examples are included to illustrate the advantages and limitations of the proposed method.  相似文献   

Active fault traces along Bhuj Fault and Katrol Hill Fault, and trenching survey at Wandhay, Kachchh, Gujarat, India     

Michio Morino  Javed N. Malik  Prashant Mishra  Chandrashekhar Bhuiyan  Fumio Kaneko 《Journal of Earth System Science》2008,117(3):181-188

Several new active fault traces were identified along Katrol Hill Fault (KHF). A new fault (named as Bhuj Fault, BF) that extends into the Bhuj Plain was also identified. These fault traces were identified based on satellite photo interpretation and field survey. Trenches were excavated to identify the paleoseismic events, pattern of faulting and the nature of deformation. New active fault traces were recognized about 1km north of the topographic boundary between the Katrol Hill and the plain area. The fault exposure along the left bank of Khari River with 10m wide shear zone in the Mesozoic rocks and showing displacement of the overlying Quaternary deposits is indicative of continued tectonic activity along the ancient fault. The E-W trending active fault traces along the KHF in the western part changes to NE-SW or ENE-WSW near Wandhay village. Trenching survey across a low scarp near Wandhay village reveals three major fault strands F1, F2, and F3. These fault strands displaced the older terrace deposits comprising Sand, Silt and Gravel units along with overlying younger deposits from units 1 to 5 made of gravel, sand and silt. Stratigraphic relationship indicates at least three large magnitude earthquakes along KHF during Late Holocene or recent historic past.  相似文献