Fostering sustainable tribal economies in a time of climate change     

Maria Bargh  Sarsha‐Leigh Douglas  Annie Te One 《New Zealand geographer》2014,70(2):103-115

In this article, we explore how Māori tribal organisations are responding to calls by other Indigenous peoples to become more sustainable in a time of climate change. From a close examination of tribal Environmental Management Plans, we move to a specific case study in the Bay of Plenty area, Ngāti Kea/Ngāti Tuara. Ultimately, we suggest that many tribal organisations are seeking to respond to climate change and transition to becoming producers of their own food and energy needs, and are often articulating these responses in relation to specific local resources and contexts.  相似文献   

Landscape Evolution Modelling of naturally dammed rivers          下载免费PDF全文

Wouter van Gorp  Arnaud J.A.M. Temme  Jantiene E.M. Baartman  Jeroen M. Schoorl 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(12):1587-1600

Natural damming of upland river systems, such as landslide or lava damming, occurs worldwide. Many dams fail shortly after their creation, while other dams are long‐lived and therefore have a long‐term impact on fluvial and landscape evolution. This long‐term impact is still poorly understood and landscape evolution modelling (LEM) can increase our understanding of different aspects of this response. Our objective was to simulate fluvial response to damming, by monitoring sediment redistribution and river profile evolution for a range of geomorphic settings. We used LEM LAPSUS, which calculates runoff erosion and deposition and can deal with non‐spurious sinks, such as dam‐impounded areas. Because fluvial dynamics under detachment‐limited and transport‐limited conditions are different, we mimicked these conditions using low and high erodibility settings, respectively. To compare the relative impact of different dam types, we evaluated five scenarios for each landscape condition: one scenario without a dam and four scenarios with dams of increasing erodibility. Results showed that dam‐related sediment storage persisted at least until 15 000 years for all dam scenarios. Incision and knickpoint retreat occurred faster in the detachment‐limited landscape than in the transport‐limited landscape. Furthermore, in the transport‐limited landscape, knickpoint persistence decreased with increasing dam erodibility. Stream capture occurred only in the transport‐limited landscape due to a persisting floodplain behind the dam and headward erosion of adjacent channels. Changes in sediment yield variation due to stream captures did occur but cannot be distinguished from other changes in variation of sediment yield. Comparison of the model results with field examples indicates that the model reproduces several key phenomena of damming response in both transport‐limited and detachment‐limited landscapes. We conclude that a damming event which occurred 15 000 years ago can influence present‐day sediment yield, profile evolution and stream patterns. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Complexity and non‐linearity in earth surface processes – concepts,methods and applications          下载免费PDF全文

Arnaud J.A.M. Temme  Margreth Keiler  Derek Karssenberg  Andreas Lang 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(9):1270-1274

Complexity has long been recognized and is increasingly becoming mainstream in geomorphology. However, the relative novelty of various concepts and techniques associated to it means that ambiguity continues to surround complexity. In this commentary, we present and discuss a variety of recent contributions that have the potential to help clarify issues and advance the use of complexity in geomorphology. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Why is there net surface heating over the Antarctic Circumpolar Current?     

Arnaud Czaja  John Marshall 《Ocean Dynamics》2015,65(5):751-760

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Historical seismicity in oceans from sailors’ testimonies     

Daniel Rouland  Denis Legrand  Armando Cisternas  Daniel Streng  Roopa Gir  Annie Souriau 《Journal of Seismology》2016,20(1):251-264

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Catchment response to lava damming: integrating field observation,geochronology and landscape evolution modelling          下载免费PDF全文

Wouter van Gorp  Jeroen M. Schoorl  Arnaud J. A. M. Temme  Tony Reimann  Jan R. Wijbrans  Darrel Maddy  Tuncer Demir  Tom Veldkamp 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(11):1629-1644

Combining field reconstruction and landscape evolution modelling can be useful to investigate the relative role of different drivers on catchment response. The Geren Catchment (~45 km²) in western Turkey is suitable for such a study, as it has been influenced by uplift, climate change and lava damming. Four Middle Pleistocene lava flows (⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar‐ dated from 310 to 175 ka) filled and dammed the Gediz River at the Gediz–Geren confluence, resulting in base‐level fluctuations of the otherwise uplift‐driven incising river. Field reconstruction and luminescence dating suggest fluvial terraces in the Geren Catchment are capped by Middle Pleistocene aggradational fills. This showed that incision of the Geren trunk stream has been delayed until the end of MIS 5. Subsequently, the catchment has responded to base‐level lowering since MIS 4 by 30 m of stepped net incision. Field reconstruction left us with uncertainty on the main drivers of terrace formation. Therefore, we used landscape evolution modelling to investigate catchment response to three scenarios of base‐level change: (i) uplift with climate change (rainfall and vegetation based on arboreal pollen); (ii) uplift, climate change and short‐lived damming events; (iii) uplift, climate and long‐lived damming events. Outputs were evaluated for erosion–aggradation evolution in trunk streams at two different distances from the catchment outlet. Climate influences erosion–aggradation activity in the catchment, although internal feedbacks influence timing and magnitude. Furthermore, lava damming events partly control if and where these climate‐driven aggradations occur. Damming thus leaves a legacy on current landscape evolution. Catchment response to long‐duration damming events corresponds best with field reconstruction and dating. The combination of climate and base level explains a significant part of the landscape evolution history of the Geren Catchment. By combining model results with fieldwork, additional conclusions on landscape evolution could be drawn. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Soil temperature and CO2 degassing,SO2 fluxes and field observations before and after the February 29, 2016 new vent inside Nyiragongo crater     

Charles M. Balagizi  Mathieu M. Yalire  Honoré M. Ciraba  Vicky B. Kajeje  Abel S. Minani  Annie B. Kinja  Marcellin M. Kasereka 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2016,78(9):64

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Protracted,coeval crust and mantle melting during Variscan late-orogenic evolution: U–Pb dating in the eastern French Massif Central     

Laurent  Oscar  Couzinié  Simon  Zeh  Armin  Vanderhaeghe  Olivier  Moyen  Jean-François  Villaros  Arnaud  Gardien  Véronique  Chelle-Michou  Cyril 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,106(2):421-451

International Journal of Earth Sciences - The late stages of the Variscan orogeny are characterized by middle to lower crustal melting and intrusion of voluminous granitoids throughout the belt,...  相似文献   

Community collaboration and climate change research in the Canadian Arctic     

Tristan D. Pearce  James D. Ford  Gita J. Laidler  Barry Smit  Frank Duerden  Mishak Allarut  Mark Andrachuk  Steven Baryluk  rew Dialla  Pootoogoo Elee  Annie Goose  Theo Ikummaq  Eric Joamie  Fred Kataoyak  Eric Loring  Stephanie Meakin  Scott Nickels  Kip Shappa  Jamal Shirley  & Johanna Wandel 《Polar research》2009,28(1):10-27

Research on climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation, particularly projects aiming to contribute to practical adaptation initiatives, requires active involvement and collaboration with community members and local, regional and national organizations that use this research for policy-making. Arctic communities are already experiencing and adapting to environmental and socio-cultural changes, and researchers have a practical and ethical responsibility to engage with communities that are the focus of the research. This paper draws on the experiences of researchers working with communities across the Canadian Arctic, together with the expertise of Inuit organizations, Northern research institutes and community partners, to outline key considerations for effectively engaging Arctic communities in collaborative research. These considerations include: initiating early and ongoing communication with communities, and regional and national contacts; involving communities in research design and development; facilitating opportunities for local employment; and disseminating research findings. Examples of each consideration are drawn from climate change research conducted with communities in the Canadian Arctic.  相似文献   

Geoarchaeological simulation of meandering river deposits and settlement distributions: A three‐dimensional approach     

Quintijn Clevis  Gregory E. Tucker  Gary Lock  Stephen T. Lancaster  Nicole Gasparini  Arnaud Desitter  Rafael L. Bras 《Geoarchaeology》2006,21(8):843-874

Fluvial processes have the potential to obscure, expose, or even destroy portions of the archaeological record. Floodplain aggradation can bury and hide archaeological features, whereas actively migrating channels can erode them. The archaeological record preserved in the subsurface of a fluvial system is potentially fragmented and is three‐dimensionally complex, especially when the system has been subjected to successive phases of alluviation and entrenchment. A simulation model is presented to gain insight into the threedimensional subsurface distribution, visibility, and preservation potential of the archaeological record in a meander‐floodplain system as a function of geomorphic history. Simulation results indicate that fluvial cut‐fill cycles can strongly influence the density of archaeological material in the subsurface. Thus, interpretation of floodplain habitation based solely upon features visible in the shallow subsurface (through traditional techniques such as aerial photography and geophysical prospection) can be misleading. In the examples, the loss of archaeological record by channel migration ranges between 45% and 90% over 12,000 years for channel belt‐dominated systems, decreasing to 10 to 30% for rivers where the floodplain width is a multiple of channel belt width. The modeling presented can be used to test excavation strategies in relation to hypothesized scenarios of stratigraphic evolution for archaeological sites. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献