Unpacking ‘Success’: Applying Local Perceptions to Interpret Influences of Water Fund Payments for Ecosystem Services in the Ecuadorian Andes     

Audrey J. Joslin 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(6):617-637

NGOs, government agencies, and green businesses proclaim water fund arrangements in Latin America as successful payments for ecosystem services (PES) systems. Associated success narratives emphasize that PES allows downstream ecosystem service beneficiaries to incentivize upstream land managers to pursue conservation activities. However, recent scholarship questions their on-the-ground influence. This article assesses the success narrative of Quito, Ecuador’s Fondo para la protección del Agua’s (FONAG) as a model water fund PES arrangement. Using a novel perceived directionality framework, the author compares the FONAG claims about its influence to ethnographic evidence from three participating rural communities. The findings suggest that statements of direct, causal influence on local conservation activities overlook local context and ignores nuance within the interactions between program incentives and in community activity. This study urges future assessments of PES arrangements to recognize complexities in political, economic, and social context.  相似文献   

The Meteoritical Bulletin,No. 106     

Jrme Gattacceca  Audrey Bouvier  Jeffrey Grossman  Knut Metzler  Minoru Uehara 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2019,54(2):469-471

Meteoritical Bulletin 106 contains 1868 meteorites including 10 falls (Aiquile, Broek in Waterland, Degtevo, Dingle Dell, Dishchii'bikoh, Hradec Králové, Kheneg Ljouâd, Oudiyat Sbaa, Serra Pelada, Tres Irmaos), with 1386 ordinary chondrites, 166 carbonaceous chondrites, 119 HED achondrites, 48 Lunar meteorites, 37 iron meteorites, 36 ureilites, 19 Martian meteorites, 13 enstatite chondrites, 12 Rumuruti chondrites, 9 primitive achondrites, 8 mesosiderites, 5 enstatite achondrites, 4 ungrouped achondrites, 4 pallasites, and 1 relict meteorite. A total of 958 meteorites are from Africa, 405 from Antarctica, 245 from Asia, 228 from South America, 12 from North America, 8 from Europe, 5 from Mars, 4 from Oceania, and 1 from an unknown location.  相似文献   

The Meteoritical Bulletin,No. 104          下载免费PDF全文

Audrey Bouvier  Jérôme Gattacceca  Carl Agee  Jeffrey Grossman  Knut Metzler 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2017,52(10):2284-2284

Meteoritical Bulletin 104 contains 2279 meteorites including 12 falls (Annama, Cartersville, Creston, Diepenveen, Famenin, Izarzar, Nkayi, Porangaba, San Juan de Ocotán, Trâpe?ng Rôno?s, Xinglongquan, ?d’ár nad Sázavou), with 1847 ordinary chondrites, 138 carbonaceous chondrites, 128 HED achondrites, 38 lunar meteorites, 24 ureilites, 22 Martian meteorites, 19 iron meteorites, 17 primitive achondrites, 14 enstatite chondrites, 10 mesosiderites, 9 Rumuruti chondrites, 5 pallasites, 4 ungrouped achondrites, 2 enstatite achondrites, 1 ungrouped chondrite, and 1 Kakangari chondrite, and with 996 from Antarctica, 790 from Africa, 337 from Asia, 111 from South America, 30 from North America, 11 from Oceania, and 4 from Europe. Note: 1 meteorite from Russia was counted as European.  相似文献   

Development of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to produced water during early life stages: Effects on embryos, larvae, and juvenile fish     

Sonnich Meier  H. Craig Morton  Gunnar Nyhammer  Bjrn Einar Grsvik  Valeri Makhotin  Audrey Geffen  Stepan Boitsov  Karen Anita Kvestad  Anneli Bohne-Kjersem  Anders Goksyr  Arild Folkvord  Jarle Klungsyr  Asbjrn Svardal 《Marine environmental research》2010,70(5):383-394

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Exhumed hydrocarbon traps on the North Atlantic margin: Stratigraphy,palaeontology, provenance and bitumen distribution,an integrated approach     

Steven D. Andrews  Audrey Decou  Bill Braham  Simon R. A. Kelly  Paula Robinson  Andrew C. Morton  John E. A. Marshall  Fiona Hyden 《Basin Research》2020,32(5):1213-1233

Previous work has demonstrated the presence of a number of exhumed hydrocarbon traps in central East Greenland. Re-evaluation of the stratigraphy alongside detailed investigation of the occurrence of bitumen within the Mols Bjerge and Laplace Bjerg exhumed hydrocarbon traps provides new perspectives on these structures, as well as the petroleum geology of East Greenland and the wider North Atlantic. Sedimentological and stratigraphic studies, augmented with palynological and provenance investigations, have constrained the dating and correlation of the strata exposed in the Mols Bjerge and Laplace Bjerg. Petrographic analysis, alongside analysis of the bitumen identified, has highlighted a much wider distribution of hydrocarbon than previously recognized. It was previously considered that Jurassic strata formed the main reservoir interval within the Mols Bjerge and Laplace Bjerg exhumed hydrocarbon traps. It is shown here that the reservoir intervals in the Laplace Bjerg trap lie within the Late Triassic Ørsted Dal and Vega Sund members, which contain up to 18% pyrobitumen and were previously misidentified as Jurassic. The Jurassic Bristol Elv Formation is the most extensively bitumen stained unit in the Mols Bjerge trap. However, occurrences of pyrobitumen (up to 3%) are recorded throughout the Triassic stratigraphy, including the Early Triassic Wordie Creek Formation. Faults, thick calcrete development and regionally continuous mudstone units play an important role in compartmentalizing the palaeohydrocarbon accumulations.  相似文献   

Virioplankton distribution and activity in a tropical eutrophicated bay     

Yvan Bettarel  Robert Arfi  Thierry Bouvier  Marc Bouvy  Enora Briand  Jonathan Colombet  Daniel Corbin  Télesphore Sime-Ngando 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

The study of lysogeny in aquatic systems is an often overlooked aspect of microbial ecology, especially in tropical environments. Herein, the fraction of lysogenized cells (FLC) was detected in the surface waters of 20 coastal stations distributed from the eutrophicated shoreline to seaward waters of Hann Bay (Senegal). Concurrently, viral lytic infection rates were extrapolated from the frequency of visibly infected bacterial cells (FVIC), as determined from transmission electron microscopy observations. The experimental induction of prophage was observed in less than 3% of indigenous marine bacteria, suggesting that lysogenic stages of infection are rare in Hann Bay. Similarly, only 0.5–4.7% of bacteria showed visible signs of lytic infection. However, the positive correlation between the fraction of lysogenic and lytic cells (r = 0.67, p < 0.05, n = 20) may actually indicate that the coexistence of both lifestyles may be due to the massive and rapid induction of lysogens, potentially from the high levels of local UV radiation. Overall, we suggest that the determination of FVIC and FLC to examine the predominance of one type of cycle versus the other may be a source of misinterpretation in some particular aquatic environments.  相似文献   

Time‐lapse electrical resistivity imaging of solute transport in a karst conduit          下载免费PDF全文

Audrey H. Sawyer  Junfeng Zhu  James C. Currens  Clay Atcher  Andrew Binley 《水文研究》2015,29(23):4968-4976

The use of electrical resistivity surveys to locate karst conduits has shown mixed success. However, time‐lapse electrical resistivity imaging combined with salt injection improves conduit detection and can yield valuable insight into solute transport behaviour. We present a proof of concept above a known karst conduit in the Kentucky Horse Park (Lexington, Kentucky). A salt tracer solution was injected into a karst window over a 45‐min interval, and repeat resistivity surveys were collected every 20 min along a 125‐m transect near a monitoring well approximately 750 m downgradient from the injection site. In situ fluid conductivity measurements in the well peaked at approximately 25% of the initial value about 3 h after salt injection. Time‐lapse electrical resistivity inversions show two broad zones at the approximate conduit depth where resistivity decreased and then recovered in general agreement with in situ measurements. Combined salt injection and electrical resistivity imaging are a promising tool for locating karst conduits. The method is also useful for gaining insight into conduit geometry and could be expanded to include multiple electrical resistivity transects. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Geochemistry and chronology of the Bunburra Rockhole ungrouped achondrite          下载免费PDF全文

Lev J. Spivak‐Birndorf  Audrey Bouvier  Gretchen K. Benedix  Samantha Hammond  Gregory A. Brennecka  Kieren Howard  Nick Rogers  Meenakshi Wadhwa  Philip A. Bland  Pavel Spurný  Martin C. Towner 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2015,50(5):958-975

Bunburra Rockhole is a unique basaltic achondrite that has many mineralogical and petrographic characteristics in common with the noncumulate eucrites, but differs in its oxygen isotope composition. Here, we report a study of the mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, and chronology of Bunburra Rockhole to better understand the petrogenesis of this meteorite and compare it to the eucrites. The geochemistry of bulk samples and of pyroxene, plagioclase, and Ca‐phosphate in Bunburra Rockhole is similar to that of typical noncumulate eucrites. Chronological data for Bunburra Rockhole indicate early formation, followed by slow cooling and perhaps multiple subsequent heating events, which is also similar to some noncumulate eucrites. The ²⁶Al‐²⁶Mg extinct radionuclide chronometer was reset in Bunburra Rockhole after the complete decay of ²⁶Al, but a slight excess in the radiogenic ²⁶Mg in a bulk sample allows the determination of a model ²⁶Al‐²⁶Mg age that suggests formation of the parent melt for this meteorite from its source magma within the first ~3 Ma of the beginning of the solar system. The ²⁰⁷Pb‐²⁰⁶Pb absolute chronometer is also disturbed in Bunburra Rockhole minerals, but a whole‐rock isochron provides a re‐equilibration age of ~4.1 Ga, most likely caused by impact heating. The mineralogy, geochemistry, and chronology of Bunburra Rockhole demonstrate the similarities of this achondrite to the eucrites, and suggest that it formed from a parent melt with a composition similar to that for noncumulate eucrites and subsequently experienced a thermal history and evolution comparable to that of eucritic basalts. This implies the formation of multiple differentiated parent bodies in the early solar system that had nearly identical bulk elemental compositions and petrogenetic histories, but different oxygen isotope compositions inherited from the solar nebula.  相似文献   

Phytoplankton distribution and productivity in a highly turbid, tropical coastal system (Bach Dang Estuary, Vietnam)     

Rochelle-Newall EJ  Chu VT  Pringault O  Amouroux D  Arfi R  Bettarel Y  Bouvier T  Bouvier C  Got P  Nguyen TM  Mari X  Navarro P  Duong TN  Cao TT  Pham TT  Ouillon S  Torréton JP 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(11):2317-2329

Phytoplankton diversity, primary and bacterial production, nutrients and metallic contaminants were measured during the wet season (July) and dry season (March) in the Bach Dang Estuary, a sub-estuary of the Red River system, Northern Vietnam. Using canonical correspondence analysis we show that phytoplankton community structure is potentially influenced by both organometallic species (Hg and Sn) and inorganic metal (Hg) concentrations. During March, dissolved methylmercury and inorganic mercury were important factors for determining phytoplankton community composition at most of the stations. In contrast, during July, low salinity phytoplankton community composition was associated with particulate methylmercury concentrations, whereas phytoplankton community composition in the higher salinity stations was more related to dissolved inorganic mercury and dissolved mono and tributyltin concentrations. These results highlight the importance of taking into account factors other than light and nutrients, such as eco-toxic heavy metals, in understanding phytoplankton diversity and activity in estuarine ecosystems.  相似文献   

Li isotopes and trace elements as a petrogenetic tracer in zircon: insights from Archean TTGs and sanukitoids   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Anne-Sophie Bouvier  Takayuki Ushikubo  Noriko T. Kita  Aaron J. Cavosie  Reinhard Kozdon  John W. Valley 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2012,163(5):745-768

We report δ⁷Li, Li abundance ([Li]), and other trace elements measured by ion probe in igneous zircons from TTG (tonalite, trondhjemite, and granodiorite) and sanukitoid plutons from the Superior Province (Canada) in order to characterize Li in zircons from typical Archean continental crust. These data are compared with detrital zircons from the Jack Hills (Western Australia) with U–Pb ages greater than 3.9 Ga for which parent rock type is not known. Most of the TTG and sanukitoid zircon domains preserve typical igneous REE patterns and CL zoning. [Li] ranges from 0.5 to 79 ppm, typical of [Li] in continental zircons. Atomic ratios of (Y + REE)/(Li + P) average 1.0 ± 0.7 (2SD) for zircons with magmatic composition preserved, supporting the hypothesis that Li is interstitial and charge compensates substitution of trivalent cations. This substitution results in a relatively slow rate of Li diffusion. The δ⁷Li and trace element data constrain the genesis of TTGs and sanukitoids. [Li] in zircons from granitoids is significantly higher than from zircons in primitive magmas in oceanic crust. TTG zircons have δ⁷Li (3 ± 8‰) and δ¹⁸O in the range of primitive mantle-derived magmas. Sanukitoid zircons have average δ⁷Li (7 ± 8‰) and δ¹⁸O higher than those of TTGs supporting genesis by melting of fluid-metasomatized mantle wedge. The Li systematics in sanukitoid and TTG zircons indicate that high [Li] in pre-3.9-Ga Jack Hills detrital zircons is a primary igneous composition and suggests the growth in proto-continental crust in magmas similar to Archean granitoids.  相似文献