Hydrographic data modeling methods for determining precise seafloor topography     

Nedim Onur Aykut  Burak Akpınar  Ömer Aydın 《Computational Geosciences》2013,17(4):661-669

Acoustic and light detection and ranging are the recent methods used in hydrographical surveying. Depth values depending on X and Y horizontal coordinates are measured in both methods. While processing the hydrographical data, all data with different density are interpolated and modeled for determining the seafloor model using different interpolation techniques. In this study, effects of different surface modeling methods are investigated. Data obtained from single-beam echo sounder (SBES) are modeled using inverse distance, kriging, local polynomial, minimum curvature, moving average, nearest-neighbor, and Delaunay interpolation methods. Interpolation results are compared with the multibeam echo sounder data which were collected on the same area for determining the accuracy of modeling methods. Depending on the maximum total vertical uncertainty values in hydrographic survey standards, the best results were determined by using the kriging method. The Delaunay, minimum curvature, and inverse distance methods can be used for modeling the SBES data in shallow waters.  相似文献   

Landfill site selection and landfill liner design for Ankara, Turkey   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Gözde Pınar Yal  Haluk Akgün 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(6):2729-2752

Considering the high population growth rate of Ankara, it is inevitable that landfill(s) will be required in the area in the near future to sustain the sanitary waste disposal needs of the city. The main scope of this study is to select alternative landfill sites for Ankara based on the growing trends of Ankara toward the northwest, particularly toward the Sincan municipality, and to eventually select the best alternative through utilizing multi-criteria decision making. Landfill site selection was carried out utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. A number of criteria, namely, settlement, slope, proximity to roads, geology, availability and proximity of landfill containment material (i.e., clay for composite lining system), suitability for agriculture, erosion, vegetation cover and lineament system were gathered in a GIS environment. Each criterion was assigned a weight value by applying the Pairwise Comparison Method and the Analytical Hierarchy Method. In order to choose the best alternative, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution, which is regarded as an ideal point method, was applied and a landfill site was selected. The geotechnical properties of the so-called “Ankara clay” that shows widespread distribution in Ankara were reviewed and assessed for its suitability as a compacted clay liner.  相似文献   

Anisidine adsorption on Co-supported pumice     

Belgin Bardakçı  Neslihan Kaya  Taner Kalaycı 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(2):849-856

In this study, the adsorption of 2-, 3-, 4-anisidines on metal (Co)-supported pumice has been performed. The amount of cobalt on pumice was measured by ICP-OES analysis. Scanning electron microscopy indicated the formation of metal modification on the pumice surface. The samples were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of the adsorption process. The data show that after cobalt cation was supported on pumice, the adsorption of 2-, 3-, 4-anisidines was characterized by the bands at 2,958, 1,633, 1,450, 760, and 734 cm^?1. Adsorption of anisidines was observed only on Co-supported pumice, not on bulk pumice. The results show that the main adsorption process can only occur on the metal cation and metal oxide surface of pumice. Geometrical effects of isomers were monitored after adsorption.  相似文献   

Water table fluctuation analyses and associated empirical approach to predict spatial distribution of water table at Yeşilköy/AgiosAndronikos aquifer     

Umut Türker  Bahaa S. Alsalabi  Temel Rızza 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(1):63-75

The groundwater of the deep Ye?ilköy aquifer is the only water resource for agricultural and domestic consumption at the Karpaz Peninsula of Cyprus, which stretches approximately 100 km from the northeast of capital Nicosia to the northern tip of Cyprus. During the last decade, over-pumping and following dry periods have depleted the groundwater resources and the water surface elevation of the aquifer has dropped. The aim of this study is to understand the behavior of the Ye?ilköy aquifer in the last decade for the proper management of groundwater resources. This has been achieved based on well survey and field survey studies, monitoring programs followed by pumping tests, and safe yield analysis. Most of the research effort has been focused on field and well survey studies to quantify agricultural water consumption and abstraction rates from the aquifer. A long-term groundwater level monitoring program, short-term continuous groundwater monitoring and pumping tests provided information for the regression analyses while deriving a sixth order polynomial relationship between the period parameter and the head parameter. The equation was helpful to predict the short-term behavior of the water level when the present hydrogeological conditions prevail. The pumping test results satisfied the hydraulic properties of calcarenite formation yielding T = 1,782 m²/day and S = 0.0012. The results of safe yield analysis show that the annual deficit of the aquifer is 0.496 million cubic meters (MCM), which is equivalent to a 0.6 m drop in groundwater levels per year. Finally, the resultant annual safe yield of the aquifer is estimated as 0.84 MCM.  相似文献   

Neogene basin development around Söke-Kuşadası (western Anatolia) and its bearing on tectonic development of the Aegean region     

Ömer Feyzi Gürer  Mustafa Bozcu  Kamil Yılmaz  Yücel Yımaz 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(1-3):57-69

The AMS study has been performed on various types of the basement – Variscan granitic and surrounding – Mesozoic sedimentary rocks in the Velká Fatra Mountains, Tatric Superunit of the Central Western Carpathians. The Velká Fatra Mts. provides good opportunity for AMS study because of composite S-type and I-type granite character of pluton and clear relations to Mesozoic sedimentary rocks in the cover and nappe positions. The granitic massif consists of the three types of weakly magnetic peraluminous granites (350 – 340 Ma in age), ranging from two-mica granites to biotite granodiorites in composition and carrying accessory monazite and ilmenite; whereby they resemble common S-type and/or Ilmenite Series granite. This pre-existing granitic body was intruded by relatively young (304 Ma old) metaluminous to subaluminous, strongly magnetic (due to magnetite) tonalitic intrusion of the I-type and/or Magnetite Series granite. In all S-types investigated as well as in the I-type tonalite body, the magnetic fabrics are not uniform, but slightly variable within a body and differing from body to body. The magnetic fabrics in all granitic rocks can be classified as mostly magmatic in origin, only subordinately affected by ductile deformation. The Alpine overprint of the magnetic fabric of the Variscan granite frequent in the central areas of the Central Western Carpathians was only weak in the Velká Fatra Mts. and the magnetic fabrics of these granites thus mostly comprise the original Variscan magmatic fabrics. On the other hand, in the marginal parts of the Velká Fatra Mts. the magnetic fabrics in granites are locally conformable to the deformational magnetic fabrics in surrounding sedimentary rocks (Mesozoic in age) thus indicating at least local effects of the Alpine deformation. The magnetic fabrics in Mesozoic sedimentary rocks covering the crystalline basement are partially (Cover Formation) to entirely (Nappe Units) deformational in origin.  相似文献   

Thermodynamics of accelerating and rotating black holes     

Muhammad Bilal  K. Saifullah 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2013,343(1):165-171

Thermodynamics of a large family of black holes from electrovacuum solutions of Einstein’s equations is studied. This family includes rotating and non-accelerating black holes with NUT charge, and rotating and accelerating black holes. The surface gravity, Hawking temperature and the area laws for these black holes are presented. The first law of thermodynamics is also given. An interesting outcome of our analysis is the restriction obtained on the magnitude of acceleration for these black holes.  相似文献   

Ion–Cyclotron Resonance Frequency Interval Dependence on the O VI Ion Number Density in the North Polar Coronal Hole 1.5R–3R Region     

Özgür Gültekin  Emine Rızaoǧlu  K. Gediz Akdeniz 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2013,34(4):349-355

The frequency intervals in which O VI ions get in resonance with ion–cyclotron waves are calculated using the kinetic model, for the latest six values found in literature on O VI ion number densities in the 1.5R–3R region of the NPCH. It is found that the common resonance interval is 1.5 kHz to 3 kHz. The R-variations of wave numbers necessary for the above calculations are evaluated numerically, solving the cubic dispersion relation with the dielectric response derived from the quasi-linear Vlasov equation for the left-circularly polarized ion-cyclotron waves.  相似文献   

Investigation of liquefaction and pore water pressure development in layered sands     

Pelin Tohumcu Özener  Kutay Özaydın  Mehmet M. Berilgen 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2009,7(1):199-219

This paper presents the results of shaking table model tests which were carried out to investigate the pore water pressure generation and related liquefaction mechanism in layered sand deposits. The experiments were performed on uniform sand columns, silt interlayered sand columns and two layered sand columns deposited at various relative densities and subjected to different input excitations. During the experiments excess pore water pressures were measured by pore pressure transducers installed at three different depths and, surface settlements and thickness of water film developed under less permeable inclusions were measured by a digital camera. The experimental results are discussed and compared to demonstrate the effects of relative density, input acceleration and presence of a silt seam on the generation of excess pore water pressure in sand deposits subjected to dynamic loading. The results showed that the presence of a less permeable silt interlayer within the sand deposit and existence of a loose sand layer underlying dense sand deposits can have significant effect on the pore water pressure generation mechanism.  相似文献   

Late Pleistocene–Holocene environmental change in eastern Turkey: multi‐proxy palaeoecological data of vegetation and lake‐catchment changes          下载免费PDF全文

Demet Bİltekİn  Kürşad Kadİr Erİş  Memet Namık Çağatay  Sena Akçer Ön  Dİcle Bal Akkoca 《第四纪科学杂志》2018,33(5):575-585

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A comprehensive study on the surface chemistry of particulate matter collected from Jeddah,Saudi Arabia     

Asim Jilani  Syed Zajif Hussain  Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman  Usama Zulfiqar  Muhammad Bilal Shakoor  Imran Ullah Khan  Javed Iqbal  Attieh A. Al-Ghamdi  Ahmed Alshahrie 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2018,75(3):271-283

In this work, the X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) technique is utilized to analyze the surface chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) which was collected from various locations at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The main elements found on the surface of PM are carbon (C), oxygen (O) and silicon (Si) with combined percentage of 89.4–94.9 while traces of nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), aluminum (Al), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mg), and sulfur (S) were also present. The analyzed XPS chemical state of C, O and Si was further used to determine their bonding with other elements occurring over the surface of PM. Carbon was found in the form of carbides (18.86%), fluorides (2.39%) and carbonates (78.75%); oxygen was observed as oxides (21.05%) and hydroxides (73.42%) of other metals; and silicon was detected as silicones (12.16%), nitrides (82.53%) and silicates (5.25%). The particle size of a PM is also of great concern for health issues, and thus has been investigated by the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). The Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was employed for cross verification of detected elements by XPS.  相似文献