Digital imaging and public engagement in palaeontology     

Karl T. Bates  Peter L. Falkingham  David Hodgetts  James O. Farlow  Brent H. Breithaupt  Mike O'Brien  Neffra Matthews  William I. Sellers  & Phillip L. Manning 《Geology Today》2009,25(4):134-139

Public engagement and the promotion of science to a wider non-academic audience form an integral role of the professional scientist in the twenty-first century. The high level of public interest in palaeontology means that the Earth's prehistoric past can provide an important medium through which to communicate information concerning contemporary scientific issues. Here we explain how modern computer techniques can be used to enhance public understanding of complex palaeontological issues.  相似文献   

Comment on Zhang Y., Ye S., and Wu J. 2011. A modified global model for predicting the tritium distribution in precipitation, 1960–2005. Hydrological Processes 25:2379–2392     

Brent D. Newman  Luis J. Araguás‐Araguás  Pradeep K. Aggarwal 《水文研究》2013,27(8):1286-1287

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Advance,deglacial and sea‐level chronology for Foxe Peninsula,Baffin Island,Nunavut          下载免费PDF全文

Daniel J. Utting  John C. Gosse  Samuel E. Kelley  Kayla J. Vickers  Brent C. Ward  Michelle S. Trommelen 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2016,45(3):439-454

The impact of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) deglaciation on Northern Hemisphere early Holocene climate can be evaluated only once a detailed chronology of ice history and sea‐level change is established. Foxe Peninsula is ideally situated on the northern boundary of Hudson Strait, and preserves a chronostratigraphy that provides important glaciological insights regarding changes in ice‐sheet position and relative sea level before and after the 8.2 ka cooling event. We utilized a combination of radiocarbon ages, adjusted with a new locally derived ΔR, and terrestrial in‐situ cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) exposure ages to develop a chronology for early‐Holocene events in the northern Hudson Strait. A marine limit at 192 m a.s.l., dated at 8.1–7.9 cal. ka BP, provides the timing of deglaciation following the 8.2 ka event, confirming that ice persisted at least north of Hudson Bay until then. A moraine complex and esker morphosequence, the Foxe Moraine, relates to glaciomarine outwash deltas and beaches at 160 m a.s.l., and is tightly dated at 7.6 cal. ka BP with a combination of shell dates and exposure ages on boulders. The final rapid collapse of Foxe Peninsula ice occurred by 7.1–6.9 cal. ka BP (radiocarbon dates and TCN depth profile age on an outwash delta), which supports the hypothesis that LIS melting contributed to the contemporaneous global sea‐level rise known as the Catastrophic Rise Event 3 (CRE‐3).  相似文献   

Participatory methods of incorporating scientific with traditional knowledge for volcanic hazard management on Ambae Island,Vanuatu   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

Shane?J.?CroninEmail author  David?R.?Gaylord  Douglas?Charley  Brent?V.?Alloway  Sandrine?Wallez  Job?W.?Esau 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2004,66(7):652-668

Ambae Island is the largest of Vanuatus active volcanoes. It is also one of the nations potentially most dangerous, with 60 million m³ of lake-water perched at over 1340 m in the summit caldera and over the active vent. In 1995, small phreatic explosions, earthquake swarms and heightened gas release led to calls for evacuation preparation and community volcanic hazard awareness programs for the ~9500 inhabitants. Differences in perspective or world-view between the island dwellers adhering to traditional beliefs (Kastom) and external scientists and emergency managers led to a climate of distrust following this crisis. In an attempt to address these issues, rebuild dialogue and respect between communities, outside scientists and administrators, and move forward in volcanic hazard education and planning for Ambae, we adapted and applied Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approaches. Initial gender-segregated PRA exercises from two representative communities provided a mechanism for cataloguing local traditional viewpoints and hazard perceptions. Ultimately, by combining elements of these viewpoints and perceptions with science-based management structures, we derived volcanic hazard management guidelines, supported by an alert system and map that were more readily accepted by the test communities than the earlier top-down plans imposed by outside governmental and scientific agencies. The strength of PRA approaches is that they permit scientists to understand important local perspective issues, including visualisations of volcanic hazards, weaknesses in internal and external communication systems, and gender and hierarchy conflicts, all of which can hinder community emergency management. The approach we describe has much to offer both developing and industrialised communities that wish to improve their awareness programs and mitigative planning. This approach should also enhance communication and understanding between volcanologists and the communities they serve.  相似文献   

Economy, Politics and Institutions: From Adaptation to Adaptive Management in Climate Change     

Alexander Thompson  Paul Robbins  Brent Sohngen  Joseph Arvai  Tomas Koontz 《Climatic change》2006,78(1):1-5

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The use of²³⁴Th/²³⁸ disequilibrium to examine the fate of particle-reactive species on the Yangtze continental shelf     

Brent A. McKee  David J. DeMaster  Charles A. Nittrouer 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1984,68(3):431-442

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Chemical and isotopic evaluation of water sources to the fens of South Park,Colorado   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jenny B. Chapman  Brent Lewis  Greg Litus 《Environmental Geology》2003,43(5):533-545

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The Changing Geography of the Elderly in Metropolitan Auckland: Pattern, Process and Policy Implications     

G. Brent Hall  C. Roseman  A. E. Joseph 《New Zealand geographer》1986,42(2):46-56

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The anomalous properties of Markarian 1460     

Neil Trentham  R. Brent Tully  Marc A. W. Verheijen 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,325(3):1275-1280

We present and discuss optical, near-infrared and H  i measurements of the galaxy Markarian 1460 at a distance of 19 Mpc in the Ursa Major Cluster. This low-luminosity ( M _B =−14) galaxy is unusual because (i) it is blue ( B − R =0.8) and has the spectrum of an H  ii galaxy, (ii) it has a light profile that is smooth and well fitted by an r ^1/4 and not an exponential function at all radii larger than the seeing, and (iii) it has an observed central brightness of about μ _B =20 mag arcsec⁻² , intermediate between those of elliptical galaxies (on the bright μ _B side) and normal low-luminosity dwarf irregular (on the low μ _B side) galaxies. No other known galaxy exhibits all these properties in conjunction. On morphological grounds this galaxy looks like a normal distant luminous elliptical galaxy, since the Fundamental Plane tells us that higher luminosity normal elliptical galaxies tend to have lower surface-brightnesses. Markarian 1460 has 2×10⁷ M_⊙ of H  i and a ratio M (H  i )/ L _B of 0.2, which is low compared to the typical values for star-forming dwarf galaxies. From the high surface-brightness and r ^1/4 profile, we infer that the baryonic component of Markarian 1460 has become self-gravitating through dissipative processes. From the colours, radio continuum, H  i and optical emission line properties, and yet smooth texture, we infer that Markarian 1460 has had significant star formation as recently as ∼1 Gyr ago but not today.  相似文献   

The role of hydrology in annual organic carbon loads and terrestrial organic matter export from a midwestern agricultural watershed   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Brent J. Dalzell  Timothy R. Filley  Jon M. Harbor 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2007,71(6):1448-1462

Defining the control that hydrology exerts on organic carbon (OC) export at the watershed scale is important for understanding how the source and quantity of OC in streams and rivers is influenced by climate change or by landscape drainage. To this end, molecular (lignin phenol), stable carbon isotope, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) data were collected over a range of flow conditions to examine the influence of hydrology on annual OC export from an 850 km² Midwestern United States agricultural watershed located in west central Indiana. In years 2002 and 2003, modeled annual DOC loads were 19.5 and 14.1 kg ha⁻¹yr⁻¹, while 71% and 85%, respectively, of the total annual OC was exported in flow events occurring during less than 20% of that time. These results highlight the importance of short-duration, high-discharge events (common in smaller watersheds) in controlling annual OC export. Based on reported increases in annual stream discharge coupled with current estimates of DOC export, annual DOC loads in this watershed may have increased by up to 40% over the past 50 years. Molecular (lignin phenol) characterization of quantity and relative degradation state of terrestrial OC shows as much temporal variability of lignin parameters (in high molecular weight dissolved organic carbon) in this one watershed as that demonstrated in previously published studies of dissolved organic matter in the Mississippi and Amazon Rivers. These results suggest that hydrologic variability is at least as important in determining the nature and extent of OC export as geographic variability. Moreover, molecular and bulk stable carbon isotope data from high molecular weight dissolved organic carbon and colloidal organic carbon showed that increased stream flow from the study watershed was responsible for increased export of agriculturally derived OC. When considered in the context of results from other studies that show the importance of flood events and in-stream processing of terrestrial organic carbon, our results show how hydrologic variability in smaller watersheds can reflect landscape-scale carbon dynamics in ways that cannot necessarily be measured at the outlets of large rivers due to multiple source signals and attenuated hydrology.  相似文献