光合有效辐射和紫外辐射测量标准的性能验证     

杨云  权继梅  丁蕾 《气象科技》2012,40(5):707-712

2010年中国气象局建立了气象行业光合有效辐射和紫外辐射测量标准.标准建成后,标准器的各项技术性能指标必须经过实际测试来验证.通过对光谱辐射计的波长精密度、准确度、杂散光、重复性、稳定性、探头余弦响应等参数的测试验证,以及对整个标准的测量误差来源及不确定度的分析和评定,得以验证紫外辐射测量标准DTMc300双单色仪光谱辐射计满足世界气象组织(WMO)相关规定的技术指标要求.  相似文献   

Remote Sensing of Eupatorium Adenophorum Spreng Based on HJ-A Satellite Data     

Jun Chen  Wenting Quan  Kai Lu 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2012,40(1):29-36

In the southwest of China, one of the greatest threats to local ecosystem is the area expansion of an invasive species, i.e., Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng (EAS). In this study, the remote-sensing technology was used to detect and map the spatial distribution of EAS in Guizhou Province, China. A series of vegetation indices, including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), simple ratio index (SRI) and atmospherically resistant vegetation index (ARVI), were used to identify EAS from HJ-A Chninese satellite data. According to the analysis results of fieldworks from March 21 to 22, 2009, it was found that the vegetation index of {1.9589 ≤ SRI ≤ 4.1095}∩{0.2359 ≤ ARVI ≤ 0.5193} was the optimal remote-sensing parameter for identifying EAS from HJ-A data. According to the spatial distribution of EAS estimated from HJ-A data, it was found that EAS was rather more in southwest of Guizhou Province than in northeast. EAS became sparse from southwest to northeast gradually, and the central Guizhou Province was the ecological corridor linking EAS in southwest to that in northeast. By comparison with validated data collected by the government of Guizhou Province, it was found that the uncertainty of remote-sensing method was 18.52%, 29.31%, 8.77% and 9.46% in grassland, forest, farmland and others respectively, and the mean uncertainty was 13.29%. Owing to the lower height of EAS than many plants in forest, the uncertainty of EAS was the greatest in forest than that in grassland, farmland and so on.  相似文献   

Reducing errors in the GRACE gravity solutions using regularization   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Himanshu Save  Srinivas Bettadpur  Byron D. Tapley 《Journal of Geodesy》2012,86(9):695-711

The nature of the gravity field inverse problem amplifies the noise in the GRACE data, which creeps into the mid and high degree and order harmonic coefficients of the Earth’s monthly gravity fields provided by GRACE. Due to the use of imperfect background models and data noise, these errors are manifested as north-south striping in the monthly global maps of equivalent water heights. In order to reduce these errors, this study investigates the use of the L-curve method with Tikhonov regularization. L-curve is a popular aid for determining a suitable value of the regularization parameter when solving linear discrete ill-posed problems using Tikhonov regularization. However, the computational effort required to determine the L-curve is prohibitively high for a large-scale problem like GRACE. This study implements a parameter-choice method, using Lanczos bidiagonalization which is a computationally inexpensive approximation to L-curve. Lanczos bidiagonalization is implemented with orthogonal transformation in a parallel computing environment and projects a large estimation problem on a problem of the size of about 2 orders of magnitude smaller for computing the regularization parameter. Errors in the GRACE solution time series have certain characteristics that vary depending on the ground track coverage of the solutions. These errors increase with increasing degree and order. In addition, certain resonant and near-resonant harmonic coefficients have higher errors as compared with the other coefficients. Using the knowledge of these characteristics, this study designs a regularization matrix that provides a constraint on the geopotential coefficients as a function of its degree and order. This regularization matrix is then used to compute the appropriate regularization parameter for each monthly solution. A 7-year time-series of the candidate regularized solutions (Mar 2003–Feb 2010) show markedly reduced error stripes compared with the unconstrained GRACE release 4 solutions (RL04) from the Center for Space Research (CSR). Post-fit residual analysis shows that the regularized solutions fit the data to within the noise level of GRACE. A time series of filtered hydrological model is used to confirm that signal attenuation for basins in the Total Runoff Integrating Pathways (TRIP) database over 320 km radii is less than 1 cm equivalent water height RMS, which is within the noise level of GRACE.  相似文献   

旋转扰动流体中壁面湍流不稳定及其拟序结构研究Ⅱ：数值模式   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Enrico Ferrero  张瑛  全利红  Luca Mortarini  Renato Forza 《气象与减灾研究》2009,32(4):14-17

对第一部分的实验结果进行了讨论,指出局地最大、最小涡度的存在与所谓的正压不稳定和大气中经常观测到的滚动涡有关。速度廓线中的拐点和涡度极大值点对应不稳定发展的位置。另外,为了改进湍流的模拟,根据“准正则”近似,发展了一个三阶闭合模式。这个模型已被证明可以描述与湍流过程有关的流体动力学变量的趋势。  相似文献   

中国东部季风区春季气候的变暖特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈少勇  郭忠祥  白登元  张燕霞  夏权 《热带气象学报》2010,26(5):606-613

利用中国东部375个测站1961—2006年地面气温资料,采用线性趋势分析、EOF、REOF、Mann-Kendall、小波分析等方法,分析了季风区春季的气候变暖特征。结果表明:季风区春季增温显著,近46 a增温率为0.25℃/(10 a)。从1989年开始增温,1996年有一次显著突变。以38°N为界,气温变化的稳定性是南部高于北部。增温率从南向北增大,增温不显著的区域主要在长江以南;根据EOF分析,该区春季气温异常可分为全区一致型、江南江北相反型、中原型3种常见分布模态。根据REOF又进一步将该区春季气温异常细分为中部、南部、北部3个区。全区性的前10个偏暖年,全部出现在1990年代以后。气温异常变化存在准4年和22年的周期,气温的转折北部比中、南部早,但北部从1990年代末期开始转为下降;北部区和中部区分别在1981、1997年发生了突变,南部突变不明显;蒙古高压是影响春季气温的主要大气活动中心,高压强度从1980年代后期以来有明显减弱趋势,造成入侵东部的偏北冷空气减弱,是春季气候变暖的可能机理。  相似文献   

地市级电视天气预报节目演播稿的撰写技巧     

何草青  郭洪权 《气象研究与应用》2010,32(2):100-102

从撰写节目演播稿的内容出发,将天气预报节目的"科学性"和"服务性"结合起来,向大众宣传气象科技,提高气象的社会地位。  相似文献   

宁夏中北部两次强暴雨过程综合对比分析   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

肖云清  胡文东  赵立斌  马金仁  许建秋  何泉 《高原气象》2008,27(3):576-583

2002年6月8日和2006年7月14日宁夏中北部地区分别出现了两次创历史记录的区域暴雨过程。本文就两次强暴雨的降水特点、环流形势、主要影响系统、雷达观测及常用物理量进行对比分析。应用天气学分析及诊断分析方法,对这两次暴雨天气过程的主要触发机制:500 hPa冷槽、700hPa高原低涡等,以及对暴雨发生起重要作用的天气系统,如:地面锢囚锋和台风位置、强度等进行对比。利用常规气象资料和T213数值预报产品,对两次暴雨天气过程的未饱和湿空气静力总温度、低空干暖盖、涡度平流、垂直速度等物理因子进行分析,总结了暴雨发生前后的一般变化规律。  相似文献   

北京集中绿化区气温对夏季高温天气的响应     

王喜全  王自发  郭虎  龚晏邦 《气候与环境研究》2008,13(1):39-44

利用自动气象站风、温、湿观测资料,对北京城市集中绿地缓解夏季高温(最高气温≥35 ℃)的效果进行了初步研究.研究结果表明:1)所研究的集中绿地都具有缩短高温持续时间的作用,但对最高气温的调节存在很大差异,有些集中绿地对最高气温几乎没有缓解作用,甚至有增温的可能.因此为发挥集中绿地缓解高温的效果,应尽可能提高绿地的通风条件.2)对北京城来说,集中绿地面积≥20 hm2时,降温效果比较显著.3)在高温天气情况下,集中绿地对高温的缓解作用对人体舒适度的改善,可能会由于集中绿地相对湿度较高而被抵消.  相似文献   

新中国气象科技人才培训历程     

董杰  陶泉  刘怀玉  叶梦姝 《气象科学进展》2022,(1):73-76

建党百年来,中国共产党始终重视人才培养.其中,科技教育培训事业一直是我党人才队伍建设中的战略性工程.作为一项科技型事业,党的气象事业从无到有,规模从小到大,发展了半个多世纪,取得了显著成绩,赢得了国际声誉.在气象事业发展过程中,也创造和积累了许多科技人才培养的宝贵经验.  相似文献   

2018年海峡M_S6.2地震社会影响调查与分析     

赖见深  陈华源  林木金  张凯  林苗禄  全建军  何丽云 《地震科学进展》2021,(3):122-129

以2018年台湾海峡M_S6.2地震造成的社会影响作为主要调查内容,选取了福建省东山县普通群众作为调查对象,从震时人的感觉、灾时应急避险情况、社会心理、防震减灾及地震预警知识普及情况等方面进行调查研究,目的是了解东山县居民地震应急避险情况及防震减灾知识普及程度等,为今后有针对性的做好防震减灾宣传,提升社会公众抵御地震灾害能力提供一定的参考。   相似文献