夏季青藏高原流场三维结构的模拟实验     

中国科学院大气物理研究所二室模拟组 《大气科学》1977,1(4):247-255

本文用流体模拟实验的方法,研究了我国夏季青藏高原及邻近地区环流的三维结构和成因,主要结果为: 无转动因素时,高原加热作用能引起流体在低层径向地朝高原辐合,在高原上层放射状向周围辐散.高层辐散流体的一部分在高原内部开始下沉,形成高原上空的对流环,在有转动的实验中也观察到.辐散流体中还出现波动. 高原内部经常出现两个对流上升中心,中心附近的温度有较大脉动,两个对流上升区之间有时为下沉运动,构成高原内部独特的对流环. 通过高原中部的南北垂直剖面上,可观察到方向相反的两个对流环,流体在高原中部上升,在南北高原范围内下沉.在高原外部为高原加热引起的下沉运动. 实验表明,包括基本东西风和高原以外热源的环境背景条件,对高原流场有重要作用. 实验结果为解决夏季青藏高原环流的三维结构提供了依据,文中列举了一些说明的现象。  相似文献   

广西天气分析     

广西壮族自治区气象台 《大气科学》1977,1(4):316-320

广西地处祖国南疆,属低纬地区,山丘起伏,地形复杂,天气多变,每年都有不同程度的灾害,给发展农业生产带来不利的影响。在“农业学大寨”、“工业学大庆”的运动中,我们在自治区党委的领导下,进一步明确了气候为农业服务的方向,天气预报为灾害性天气和农事活动关键性天气为主攻方向,开展气象科研,大搞业务基本建设,对广西的主要灾  相似文献   

Documents of the International Society for Rock Mechanics     

The Commission on Standardization of Laboratory  Field Tests 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》1977,10(1-2):81-106

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AN IMPROVED LAND-SURFACE PROCESS MODEL AND ITS SIMULATION EXPERIMENT——PART I:LAND-SURFACE PROCESS MODEL AND ITS“OFF-LINE”TESTS AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSES     

张晶  丁一汇 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1999,(3)

Based on the existing land-surface schemes and models,an improved Land-surface ProcessModel(LPM-ZD)has been developed.It has the following major characteristics:(1)Thecombination of physical equations and empirical analytical formulae are used to construct thegoverning equations of soil temperature and moisture.Higher resolution of model level andphysical equations are adopted for the upper soil layers,and for the lower soil layers,lowerresolution of model level is adopted and empirical analytical formulae are used.(2)In land surfacehydrological process,the sub-grid distribution of rainfall and its effects are taken into account.(3)A simple snow cover submodel has been used,which includes effects of snow cover on soilthermodynamics and hydrology,as well as albedo.By use of this model and three groups of point observation data,a series of“off-line”testshave been carried out.The simulation results indicate that land-surface process model has goodperformance and can well simulate diurnal and seasonal variation of land surface processes for manykinds of land surface covers(forest,grass,crops and desert)in different climate zone.The resultssimulated by the model are consistent with the observations.Later,by use of one group ofobservation data and the model,a series of sensitivity experiments have been done.It is shownthat the model is much sensitive to some parameters,such as initial soil moisture,vegetationphysical parameters as well as the proportion of the grid covered with rain.Therefore it is muchimportant for land-surface process model to define these parameters as accurately as possible.  相似文献   

THE STUDY OF RETRIEVAL THEORY AND METHODS FROM SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING FOR METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS OVER EASTERN ASIA—PART Ⅱ:ISPRM AND VSPRM2          下载免费PDF全文

黎光清  董超华  张文建  张凤英  王保华  冉茂农  吴雪宝  王维和  潘宁 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2000,(4)

Based on the practice of improved simultaneous physical retrieval model(ISPRM),in the lightof the functional analysis approach,the variational simultaneous physical retrieval model(VSPRM)has been developed.Its approximation of 1st degree is VSPRM1,which is identicalwith the ISPRM.Its approximation of 2nd degree is VSPRM2,more advanced than the VSPRM1.This paper has analyzed the function of VSPRM2,pointing out the potentiality of synergy retrievalof this model.Also,it has dealt with the problem of parameterization of water vapor's kernelfunctions and retrieval of water vapor remote sensing.Because of the characteristics of this strong ill posed inverse problem,prior information mustbe used wisely in order to get the accurate calculation of radiance R.In the previous paper,wediscussed how to build the best first guess field,the way to determine the P_s and to correct thecalculation of radiance.In this paper,we continue discussing in depth about the calculation oftransmittance,the determination of surface parameters and the selection for an optimumcombination of channels for the low-level sounding.The long-term experiment and comparison work under operational environment have shownthat the ISPRM is useful for retrieval of temperature and water vapor parameters over Chinaincluding the Tibetan Plateau,and it further proves the scientific nature of well-posed inversetheory.  相似文献   

对地勘单位贯彻ISO9000《质量管理和质量保证》系列标准的几点认识     

沈小荣 《青海国土经略》2000,(1)

ISO9000系列标准是一套国际统一的质量管理标准,应用的主体内容是质量管理模式(质量体系)的建立与运行。其对地勘单位走向市场,到社会投标、承揽地勘项目,保证地勘工作成果质量,提高单位在地质市场中的信誉度具有十分重要的意义。  相似文献   

Complementary Notes on a ‘Well-known’ Marine Heterotrichous Ciliate, Folliculinopsis producta (Wright, 1859) Frauré-Fremiet, 1936 (Protozoa, Ciliophora)     

JI Daode  LIN Xiaofeng  SONG Weibo Laboratory of Protozoology  Key Laboratory of Mariculture  Ocean University of China  Qingdao  P..R.China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2004,(1)

1　Introduction　Folliculina likeciliatesarecommonlyfoundinlit toralzonesandareeasilyrecognizedbytheirlargesi zesandspecialstructures (i.e.vase shapedloricaandperistomiallobe) .Tillnow ,dozensofspecieshavebeenreportedworldwide (Kahl,1 932 ;Faur啨Fremiet,1…  相似文献   

Land cover change detection in West Jilin using ETM ＋ images     

EdwardM.Osei Jr. ZHOUYun-xuan 《东北亚地学研究》2004,7(1):74-84

In order to assess the information content and accuracy of Landsat ETM digital images in land cover change detection,change-detection techniques of image differencing, normalized difference vegetation index,principal components analysis and tasseled-cap transformation were applied to yield 13 images. These images were thresholded into change and no change areas. The thresholded images were then checked in terms of various accuracies. The experiment results show that kappa coefficients of the 13 images range from 48.05-78.09. Different images do detect different types of changes. Images associated with changes in the near-inflared-reflectance or greenness detects crop-type changes and changes between vegetative and non-vegetative features. A unique means of using only Landsat imagery without reference data for the assessment of change in arid land are presented. Images of 12t June, 2000 and 2‘d June, 2002 are used to validate the means. Analyses of standard accuracy and spatial agreement are performed to compare the new images (hereafter called “change images” ) representing the change between the two dates. Spatial agreement evaluates the conformity in the classified “change pixels” and “no-change pixels” at the same location on different change images and comprehensively examines the different techniques. This method would enable authorities to monitor land degradation efficiently and aeculately.  相似文献   

中国夏季气候对植被覆盖的影响:1982～2001(英文)     

HABIB Aziz Salim  陈晓玲  龚健雅  张力 《地球空间信息科学学报》2009,(1)

In this paper, we apply lagged correlation analysis to study the effects of vegetation cover on the summer climate in different zones of China, using NOAA/AVHRR normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data during the time period from 1982 to 2001 and climate data of 365 meteorological stations across China (precipitation from 1982 to 2001 and temperature from 1982 to 1998). The results show that there are positive correlations between spring NDVI and summer climate (temperature and precipitation) in m...  相似文献   

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郑作亚  党亚民  卢秀山  郭金运  阳凡林 《大地测量与地球动力学》2009,29(5):107-111

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