Experimental research on expansion characteristics of Mengzi expansive soil with water,salt and acid immersion     

Zhiqing Li  Chuan Tang  Ruilin Hu  Yingxin Zhou 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(2):363-371

Swelling tests of Mengzi remolded expansive soil inundated with different types of wetting fluids (distilled water, saline water and acidic water) were carried out using advanced consolidometer. Swelling characteristics of expansive soil under different initial conditions were studied. The dose–response model was used to fit the rules of swelling time interval for expansive soil with water immersion. The quantitative relationships between the swelling deformation and initial conditions (initial water content, initial dry density and overburden pressure) were attained using 3D regression analyses. The differences in deformation rules of expansive soil with water immersion in each region are bigger for the differences of genetic types, mineral compositions, chemical characteristics of soils and sample preparation techniques and instrument error. The expansion deformation rules of soil immersed in salt and acid solution are the same as the rules of soaked soil. The important indices obtained can be provided to the engineering design, construction and stability evaluation of expansive soil slopes.  相似文献   

Rainfall-triggering response patterns of post-seismic debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake area     

Wei Zhou  Chuan Tang  Th. W. J. Van Asch  Chunhua Zhou 《Natural Hazards》2014,70(2):1417-1435

Several giant debris flows occurred in southwestern China after the Wenchuan earthquake, causing serious casualties and economic losses. Debris flows were frequently triggered after the earthquake. A relatively accurate prediction of these post-seismic debris flows can help to reduce the consequent damages. Existing debris flow prediction is almost based on the study of the relationship between post-earthquake debris flows and rainfall. The relationship between the occurrence of post-seismic debris flows and characteristic rainfall patterns was studied in this paper. Fourteen rainfall events related to debris flows that occurred in four watersheds in the Wenchuan earthquake area were collected. By analyzing the rainfall data, characteristics of rainfall events that triggered debris flows after the earthquake were obtained. Both the critical maximum rainfall intensity and average rainfall intensity increased with the time. To describe the critical conditions for debris flow initiation, intensity–duration curves were constructed, which shows how the threshold for triggering debris flows increased each year. The time that the critical rainfall intensities of debris flow occurrences return to the value prior to the earthquake could not be estimated due to the absent rainfall data before the earthquake. Rainfall-triggering response patterns could be distinguished for rainfall-induced debris flows. The critical rainfall patterns related to debris flows could be divided on the basis of antecedent rainfall duration and intensity into three categories: (1) a rapid triggering response pattern, (2) an intermediate triggering response pattern, and (3) a slow triggering response pattern. The triggering response patterns are closely related to the initiation mechanisms of post-earthquake debris flows. The main difference in initiation mechanisms and difference in triggering patterns by rainfall is regulated by the infiltration process and determined by a number of parameters, such as hydro-mechanical soil characteristics, the thickness of the soil, and the slope gradient. In case of a rapid triggering response rainfall pattern, the hydraulic conductivity and initial moisture content are the main impact factors. Runoff erosion and rapid loading of solid material is the dominant process. In case of a rainfall pattern with a slow triggering response, the thickness and strength of the soil, high hydraulic conductivity, and rainfall intensity are the impact factors. Probably slope failure is the most dominant process initiating debris flows. In case of an intermediate triggering response pattern, both debris flow initiation mechanisms (runoff erosion and slope failure) can play a role.  相似文献   

四川盆地东部下古生界页岩储集空间特征及其对含气性的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

余川  聂海宽  曾春林  程礼军  邵晓州 《地质学报》2014,88(7):1311-1320

四川盆地东部下古生界海相页岩是一套有利的页岩气储层,通过野外泥页岩剖面及井下岩芯观察、电镜扫描、常规物性及微孔隙结构测试、等温吸附实验等技术方法,对页岩气储层空间特征进行了研究分析,发现下古生界页岩的孔隙可分为三大类六小类,裂缝可分为两大类五小类,具有颗粒细小、致密、大孔发育少、微孔发育多、具有一定孔隙度、渗透率小、喉道细、连通性差的特征。页岩总孔体积主体是由孔径小于200nm的微孔隙提供的,纳米级孔隙和微裂缝是页岩主要的储集空间,页岩有机质孔对于孔隙度具有一定贡献,是富有机质页岩的主要微孔隙类型。页岩的微孔隙结构决定了页岩气的赋存状态和流动方式,孔缝发育程度在一定程度上决定了页岩的含气性及其渗透性能,但大型或巨型裂缝的发育,将给页岩气的有效保存带来破坏。有机质(干酪根和沥青质)和黏土颗粒内的微孔隙表面是吸附态页岩气赋存的主要空间,但有机质孔提供了大部分具吸附性的孔比表面,是控制页岩吸附性能的主要因素,而黏土矿物的作用是次要的。  相似文献   

马蔺根系固土护坡效应研究          下载免费PDF全文

石川  李湘  余冬梅  马政  吉海龙  王芃  刘亚斌  胡夏嵩  朱海丽  李国荣 《盐湖研究》2022,30(3):98-106

研究以青藏高原东北部观赏地被植物马蔺为研究对象,通过野外调查和材料力学、土力学试验,定量评价了野生马蔺植株和根系生长特征、单根抗拉特性以及根系对土体抗剪强度的增强效应。结果表明,马蔺平均株高、冠幅和植株密度分别为(75.22±11.40)cm、(106.09±25.62)cm和(1.51±0.55)株/m²;马蔺标准株根系分布深度可达50 cm,主要分布在0~30 cm深度范围内,根幅约40~50 cm。马蔺根径为0.20～0.70 mm,单根抗拉力、抗拉强度和延伸率平均值分别为(7.94±2.91)N,(46.30±11.06)MPa和54.17%±17.08%。随着根径的增大,单根抗拉力和单根抗拉强度分别呈幂函数增大和幂函数降低趋势,单根极限延伸率随着根径的增大呈逐渐增大变化趋势,但二者之间未表现出相对显著性的关系。马蔺根系对土体黏聚力和内摩擦角均有增强作用,可分别显著增强0~30 cm和0~10 cm深度范围内土体黏聚力和内摩擦角,增长率分别为9.48%~17.40%和7.62%。本文研究成果对马蔺用于坡面水土流失、浅层滑坡等地质灾害现象的生态防护工作,具有实际指导意义。  相似文献   

Rural-urban governance toward Sustainable Development Goals     

Ye  Chao  Chen  Mingxing  Chen  Ruishan  Liao  Chuan 《地理学报(英文版)》2022,32(7):1405-1408

Journal of Geographical Sciences -  相似文献   

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方川  高井祥  王坚  胡洪 《大地测量与地球动力学》2014,34(4):135-139

???й?????????IGS????,??????FES2004????????NAO99b?????????????????????????????????λ?????????????????????????????????λ????????cm??????????????U????????????????????????3~4????????????????????????????????mm????????????????????????С????????????????GPS????????????????10^-8??????????????????????????????????С??mm?????????????????????????????1 cm??  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地东胜富氦气田成藏特征及其大地构造背景^*          下载免费PDF全文

何发岐  王杰  赵永强  安川  王付斌  陶成  倪春华  贾会冲 《古地理学报》2022,24(5):937-950

近年来,在鄂尔多斯盆地北缘东胜气田上古生界天然气中发现伴生的氦气,含量分布在0.045%~0.487%范围内,具有工业价值,其三级储量约为8.3亿立方米,为一特大型含氦—富氦天然气田。东胜气田氦气属于典型的壳源氦,来源于基底的太古界—元古界变质岩—花岗岩系,富集与燕山期以来的岩浆侵入、断裂活动有关。东胜气田具备有利的氦气成藏地质条件,伴生氦气与烃类气具有异源同储成藏特征,剖析其成藏主控因素为: 基底富U、Th岩石发育是基础,断裂活动是核心,储盖圈保条件是必备,时空配置是关键,其中早白垩世是最重要的一期构造—岩浆热事件,深源岩浆活动导致的深部物质和热能的大规模上涌是中生代流体成藏(矿)的有利地球动力学背景,控制了鄂尔多斯盆地石炭系—二叠系煤系烃源岩大规模生气。断裂活动和圈闭形成与上古生界天然气、氦气聚集成藏具有良好的时空配置关系,与华北克拉通破坏过程耦合。鄂尔多斯地块在早白垩世至中新世深部热流体对盆地发生的多期岩浆活动、基底断裂活化及浅部断裂活动具有明显的控制作用,同时也对石炭系—二叠系煤系烃源岩成烃成藏具有重要的控制作用。  相似文献   

中亚地区干旱变化及其影响分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李稚  李玉朋  李鸿威  刘永昌  王川 《地球科学进展》2022,37(1):37-50

全球变暖加剧了中亚地区的干旱威胁,使得因干旱引发的水资源短缺、生态退化及跨境河流争端等问题更加突出。研究显示：过去半个多世纪,基于帕默尔干旱指数表征的中亚地区干旱程度整体变化趋势不显著,但伴随着区域的高温波动,中亚地区帕默尔干旱指数自2000年以来呈现明显下降趋势,约65%的区域表现为干旱化程度加剧,且在未来共享社会经济路径下中亚地区干旱强度持续增强。设计“去趋势”数字试验定量解析干旱指标对气候变化中各项因子的敏感性,发现气温对中亚干旱化趋势影响较大,降水变化加大了干旱的变率。从不同干旱亚类来看,中亚地区极端干旱区和干旱区面积以0.02×10⁴和0.22×10⁴km²/a的速率增加,主要集中在新疆塔里木盆地北缘和哈萨克斯坦南部等地区。同时,平原荒漠区的植被蒸腾和土壤水耗散量加大,浅层土壤含水量（0～10和10～40 cm）分别约有84%和81%的区域表现为下降趋势,导致一些依靠地下水和土壤水维系生存的、抗旱性弱的浅根系荒漠植物衰亡,生态农业干旱加剧,且水文干旱呈更加复杂的态势,研究结论为中亚地区水资源规划管理和生态保护提...  相似文献   

基于单三轴试验与直剪试验的层状软岩模拟     

潘文韬  杨文波  吴枋胤  何川  赵亮亮  姚人杰  傅舰锋 《岩土力学》2022,43(12):3437-3452

为探究模型试验中层状软岩模拟方法,依托九绵高速层状软岩隧道现场取样的室内试验结果,多次试验确定重晶石粉、石英砂、石膏粉、滑石粉和水的最优配比以模拟软岩基体,采用带孔薄膜模拟层理弱面的黏结作用,并通过直剪试验确定孔隙率,最后对不同层理角度与层理厚度的试样开展直剪与单、三轴试验以反映各向异性情况。结果表明：软岩基体模拟最优配比为0.55:0.15:0.07:0.06:0.17,重晶石粉对强度及破坏变形起决定作用,含量过低易压溃,含量过高产生上下贯通裂缝;采用30%孔洞率的薄膜模拟层理效果最佳;土样强度随层角呈U形变化,层厚减小（不小于2 cm）,强度减小。直剪试验中,45º层理剪切面朝层理方向倾斜,90º层理导致剪切面上下产生裂缝与碎裂,单三轴结果中,0º层理会产生小角度倾斜裂缝,45º层理产生垂直层理面的斜裂缝及二次破裂,90º层理产生顺层理的竖向劈裂;与现场结果对照后确定最优层厚为 3 cm,对层角与层厚的直剪与单三轴试验结果整体一致,揭示土样孔隙压密闭合−弹性−塑性胀裂破坏−徐变的过程。  相似文献   

中扬子地区上奥陶统—下志留统五峰组—龙马溪组页岩纵向非均质性及主控因素     

王川  董田  蒋恕  张钰莹  杨柳青  梁兴  王高成 《地质科技情报》2022,41(3):108-121

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