Towards a typology for constrained climate model forecasts     

A. Lopez  E. B. Suckling  F. E. L. Otto  A. Lorenz  D. Rowlands  M. R. Allen 《Climatic change》2015,132(1):15-29

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Distribution,Abundance, and Habitat Characterization of the Saltmarsh Topminnow, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fundulus jenkinsi</Emphasis> (Everman 1892)     

John D. Lopez  Mark S. Peterson  Jake Walker  Gretchen L. Grammer  Mark S. Woodrey 《Estuaries and Coasts》2011,34(1):148-158

The saltmarsh topminnow (Fundulus jenkinsi) is federally listed as a Species of Concern due to a its rarity, impacts from human activities, and lack of information on its biology and ecology. From 2007 through 2008, we used Breder traps to fish the marsh edge on a falling tide in four regions from Louisiana through the Florida panhandle during winter, spring, and summer periods. Out of 2,108 Breder traps deployed, 661 F. jenkinsi were collected as far east as Escambia Bay, Florida, with Weeks Bay, National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR), Alabama, yielding the highest F. jenkinsi abundance. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to ordinate physical–chemical data into two meaningful components: a geomorphic axis (water depth, bank slope, and plant stem density) and a seasonal/spatial axis of species occurrence (water temperature, salinity, and turbidity). PCA showed a higher mean catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) in environments comprised of low to moderate stem density (<25 stems/0.25 m⁻²), depth (<25 cm), bank slope (<15°), turbidity (<30 NTU), and salinity (<16) coupled with spring and early summer water temperatures (>15°C). F. jenkinsi CPUE was significantly higher in Spartina cynosuroides marsh edge compared with five other habitat types, even though it was one of the least sampled habitats. This species appears to be collected more frequently and in higher CPUE in small dendritic creeks off of main channels than suggested by our previous work in main channel edge habitat. This suggests that small creeks are important vectors for marsh access and supports the value of the dendritic nature of salt marshes to marsh residents.  相似文献   

Transition probabilities and dissociation energy of astrophysical molecule CoH     

N. Prithivikumaran  M. Fernandez Gomez  J.J. Lopez Gonzalez  S.P. Bagare  N. Rajamanickam 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2002,280(4):319-324

The Franck-Condon (FC) factors (transition probabilities) and r-centroids have been evaluated by the reliable numerical integration procedure for the bands of the A ³ φ₄ →X ³ φ₄ system of astrophysical molecule CoH, using a suitable potential. The dissociation energy D ⁰ ₀ = 2.5 ± 0.05 eV for the electronic ground state of CoH has been estimated by fitting Hulburt-Hirschfelder function to the experimental potential energy curve, using the correlation coefficient. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

MIDI – the 10 μm instrument on the VLTI     

Ch. Leinert  U. Graser  F. Przygodda  L.B.F.M. Waters  G. Perrin  W. Jaffe  B. Lopez  E.J. Bakker  A. Böhm  O. Chesneau  W.D. Cotton  S. Damstra  J. de Jong  A.W. Glazenborg-Kluttig  B. Grimm  H. Hanenburg  W. Laun  R. Lenzen  S. Ligori  R.J. Mathar  J. Meisner  S. Morel  W. Morr  U. Neumann  J.-W. Pel  P. Schuller  R.-R. Rohloff  B. Stecklum  C. Storz  O. von der Lühe  K. Wagner 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,286(1-2):73-83

After more than five years of preparation, the mid-infrared interferometric instrument MIDI has been transported to Paranal where it will undergo testing and commissioning on theVery Large Telescope Interferometer VLTI from the end of 2002through large part of this year 2003. Thereafter it will be available as a user instrument to perform interferometric observations over the8 μm–13 μm wavelength range, with a spatial resolution of typically 20 milliarcsec, a spectral resolution of up to 250, and an anticipated point source sensitivity of N = 3–4 mag or 1–2.5 Jy for self –fringe tracking, which will be the only observing mode during the first months of operation. We describe the layout of the instrument, laboratory tests, and expected performance, both for broadband and spectrally resolved observing modes. We also briefly outline the planned guaranteed time observations. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Temporal Variations of Perturbed Elliptic Elements: A Semi-Analytical Approach     

F.J. Marco  J.A. Lopez  M.J. Martinez 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1997,68(2):193-198

The classical treatment of implied differences on the orbital ellipticelements from the errors involved at an initial epoch is not possible toapply if we consider a long interval of integration, because there is atemporal variation for all the partial derivatives of the elements withrespect to all the variations in the initial ones. We propose asemi-analytical method to compute these partial derivatives by solving a setof initial value problems which are obtained from the planetary Lagrangeequations and their partial derivatives with respect to all the variationsin the initial elements.  相似文献   

Exhumation history and timing of supergene copper mineralisation in an arid climate: New thermochronological data from the Centinela District,Atacama, Chile   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Caroline Sanchez  Stéphanie Brichau  Rodrigo Riquelme  Sébastien Carretier  Thomas Bissig  Cristopher Lopez  Constantino Mpodozis  Eduardo Campos  Vincent Regard  Gérard Hérail  Carlos Marquardt 《地学学报》2018,30(1):78-85

Supergene copper mineralisation (SCM) processes occur during the unroofing of porphyry copper deposits. However, the geomorphological stage during which the main mineralisation occurs is still under debate. Here, we present 24 new thermochronological data from Cenozoic intrusives and compare them with the evolution of supergene mineralisation from the Centinela Mining District in the Atacama Desert. Our results indicate a two‐step cooling path: a rapid Late Eocene exhumation followed by a slow denudation. Previously published supergene mineralisation ages cluster after the main Upper Oligocene exhumation period. Ours is the first study that establishes the relationship between exhumation and supergene processes on the scale of a single mining district. It confirms that SCM took place during pediplanation, likely a required condition for efficient SCM under arid climatic conditions, in contrast to wet tropical environments where SCM occurs during rapid relief growth but has limited preservation potential.  相似文献   

Application of non-market valuation to California's coastal policy decisions     

N. Raheem  S. Colt  E. Fleishman  J. Talberth  P. Swedeen  K.J. Boyle  M. Rudd  R.D. Lopez  D. Crocker  D. Bohan  T. O'Higgins  C. Willer  R.M. Boumans 《Marine Policy》2012

Regulatory agencies in the United States do not generally consider economic values of ecosystem services in their policy decisions. We report the results of a collaborative effort by a team of economists, conservation biologists, and staff members of the California Ocean Protection Council to provide spatially explicit and policy-relevant values for ecosystem services generated in coastal regions in California. We developed a matrix in which the rows are types of ecosystem services and the columns are types of marine ecosystems along the California coast. Where possible, we populated this matrix with ecosystem service values per unit of area drawn from the economics literature. We then evaluated whether the values for given services, in given ecosystems, could be reasonably approximated by applying the replacement cost or the avoided cost method. Reported values of coastal ecosystems varied widely, and much of the valuation research did not address specific ecosystem services. Even when ecosystem services were explicitly addressed, the services often were not described or valued in a spatially explicit manner. These results suggest that rigorous application of non-market values to policy decisions requires original valuation studies for specific services in specific ecosystems. Where original, place-based valuation studies are not possible, valuation by replacement or avoided cost methods is feasible for some ecosystem services.  相似文献   

A comparison of seismic risk maps for Italy   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

Helen Crowley  Miriam Colombi  Barbara Borzi  Marta Faravelli  Mauro Onida  Manuel Lopez  Diego Polli  Fabrizio Meroni  Rui Pinho 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2009,7(1):149-180

National seismic risk maps are an important risk mitigation tool as they can be used for the prioritization of regions within a country where retrofitting of the building stock or other risk mitigation measures should take place. The production of a seismic risk map involves the convolution of seismic hazard data, vulnerability predictions for the building stock and exposure data. The seismic risk maps produced in Italy over the past 10 years are compared in this paper with recent proposals for seismic risk maps based on state-of-the-art seismic hazard data and mechanics-based vulnerability assessment procedures. The aim of the paper is to open the discussion for the way in which future seismic risk maps could be produced, making use of the most up-to-date information in the fields of seismic hazard evaluation and vulnerability assessment.  相似文献   

Thermal anomalies and paleoclimatic diffusive and advective phenomena: example of the Anglo-Paris Basin,northern France     

Jacques Dentzer  Sophie Violette  Simon Lopez  Dominique Bruel 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(7):1951-1965

This study is the first quantification of the combined impact of diffusive and advective paleoclimatic phenomena to explain the weak vertical thermal flux anomaly in the upper part of the Anglo-Paris intracratonic sedimentary basin in northern France. The aim of the research is to understand the mechanisms at the origin of the thermal flux anomaly at the level of the Meso-Cenozoic sediment pile. Based on a temperature profile representative of the basin, transient thermo-hydraulic simulations were performed along a representative vertical cross-section of about 400 km within the Lower Cretaceous multi-layer aquifer. Four paleoclimatic scenarios are the combination of two paleotemperature climatic forcings and two hydrodynamic regimes, one of them taking into account the interruption of the recharge linked to permafrost development. The simulation results clearly show the transient nature of the basin’s thermal regime. Then, for the reference well, the majority of the thermal flux anomaly can be explained by advective and paleoclimatic mechanisms with a decrease in geothermal flux simulated up to a little over 30 mW/m², depending on the scenarios. Decrease in heat flux because of basin-scale subsurface flows in the Lower Cretaceous is around 15 mW/m². There are several ways forward from this first simple model, including simulation of development of permafrost and also the integration of vertical flows in the basin by use of a three-dimensional model to better explain the data.  相似文献   

Geomorphological,pedological, and hydrological characteristics of karst lakes at Conversano (Apulia,southern Italy) as a basis for environmental protection     

N. Lopez  V. Spizzico  M. Parise 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(2):327-337

The land around Conversano (Apulia, southern Italy) is part of the Murge karst, interesting limestones and dolomitic limestones of Upper Cretaceous age, in a flat environment with sub-horizontal setting. Dolines and karst depressions are the most typical landforms in the area. Filling of these landforms with eluvial deposits locally created the possibility of water stagnancy at the surface. The Conversano territory presents ten karst lakes that represented, until some decades ago, the only water resource available for the local people, who built the typical bell-shaped wells to collect water volumes satisfying local needs during the dry season. Currently, these lakes have no great importance as water supplies, but represent habitats of great naturalistic value that are still able to support the ecological functionality and the wet environments with self-vegetation. Hydrological and hydrogeological studies have been carried out with the aim to fully estimate the related environmental problems. For this purpose, the hydrogeologic data of historical time series have been collected and compared to those of the last 5 years; successively, according to the Thornthwaite method, a hydrological monthly balance has been evaluated to quantify the distribution of water volumes interacting annually between the surface water bodies and the underlying carbonate groundwater. This evaluation has highlighted the need to carefully consider all the parameters concurring to a right definition of water balance for a karst environment, where pedological features, climatic conditions and anthropogenic modifications to the environment represent the elements of a very delicate system. Particularly, on the basis of recent soil map and field surveys, a re-evaluation of the available water capacity, estimated in some 40 mm, has been carried out. The studies have highlighted the need to extend the environmental protection rules to larger areas around the lakes, e.g. at the catchment scale, with definition of buffer zones; in this manner, it will be possible to constantly monitor the protected land and the local anthropogenic activities, that represent real polluting sources for both the surface water resources and the underlying carbonate groundwaters.  相似文献