Simultaneous Observations of the Chromosphere with TRACE and SUMER     

Jay M. Pasachoff  Evan D. Tingle  Ingolf E. Dammasch  Alphonse C. Sterling 《Solar physics》2011,268(1):151-163

Using mainly the 1600 Å continuum channel and also the 1216 Å Lyman-α channel (which includes some UV continuum and C iv emission) aboard the TRACE satellite, we observed the complete lifetime of a transient, bright chromospheric loop. Simultaneous observations with the SUMER instrument aboard the SOHO spacecraft revealed interesting material velocities through the Doppler effect existing above the chromospheric loop imaged with TRACE, possibly corresponding to extended nonvisible loops, or the base of an X-ray jet.  相似文献   

富锂巨星的观测研究     

符晓婷  邓李才  Kirby Evan N 《天文学进展》2012,30(4)

锂在温度达到T＞2.5×106 K时即参与7Li(p,α)4He反应燃烧,经典恒星理论推测,当恒星演化到红巨星阶段时,由于向内非常延伸的对流包层的存在,锂的丰度A(Li)=12+ lg[n(Li)/n(H)]应为A(Li)＜0.5.但是,陆续有处于不同光谱型、不同演化阶段的富锂巨星被发现,其中一些巨星的锂丰度甚至远超出宇宙大爆炸的原初锂丰度,给经典恒星演化模型带来了难题.回顾了从恒星主序到巨星支的锂丰度观测研究历史,并详细介绍了我们对银河系矮星系中富锂巨星的最新发现,总结了所有富锂巨星的观测证据,以及为解决此难题所提出的理论解释.  相似文献   

Neural network simulation of spring flow in karst environments   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Evan K. Paleologos  Irene Skitzi  K. Katsifarakis  Nektarios Darivianakis 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2013,27(8):1829-1837

Daily discharges of two springs lying in a karstic environment were simulated for a period of 2.5 years with the use of a multi-layer perceptron back-propagation neural network. Two models were developed for the springs, one relying on the original data and another where the missing discharge values were supplemented by assuming linear relationships during base flow conditions. For both springs the mean square error of the two models did not differ significantly, with an improvement exhibited at the extremes, during the network’s training phase, by the model that utilized the extended data set, the results of which are reported here. The time lag between precipitation and spring discharge differed significantly for the two springs indicating that in karstic environments hydraulic behavior is dominated, even within a few hundred meters, by local conditions. Optimum training results were attained with a Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm resulting in a network architecture consisting of two input layer neurons, four hidden layer neurons, and one output layer neuron, the spring’s discharge. The neural network’s predictions captured the behavior for both springs and followed very closely the discontinuities in the discharge time series. Under-/over-estimation of observed discharges for the two springs remained below 3 %, with the exception of a few local maxima where the predicted discharges diverged more strongly from observed values. Inclusion of temperature data did not add to the improvement of predictions. Finally, optimum predictions were attained when past discharge data were added to the input record and discharge differentials rather than direct discharges were calculated resulting in elimination of any local maximum discrepancy between observed and predicted discharge values.  相似文献   

Measuring erosion rates on exposed limestone residuum using erosion pins: a 10-year record     

Evan A. Hart  Hugh H. Mills  Peter Li 《自然地理学》2013,34(6):541-555

Abstract

Erosion rates in residual limestone soils in a humid climate were measured for 10 years at one site, and for 4 years at another site, using erosion pins. Erosion pins were placed in gully floors and on convex divides between adjacent gullies, on abandoned land where vegetation had been removed. We measured an average erosion rate of 20 mm yr^?1 over 10 years at one site and only 5 mm yr^?1 over 4 years at another site where chert gravel was common on the surface. The 10-year average erosion rate of divides (26 mm yr^?1) was significantly greater than the average erosion rate of gullies (14 mm yr^?1), suggesting control by different processes, some of which may be seasonal. In winter, it was observed that frost action produced a thin layer of loose soil on the surface of divides. In summer, a hardpan developed on divides, as the soil loosened by winter frosts was transported to gullies, likely by rainsplash or dry ravel. The diffusive processes of frost action, rainsplash, and dry ravel appear to shape the convex divides in this study. Down-cutting of gullies requires channelized flow produced by intense rainfall, which is more common in summer for this location.  相似文献   

An eddy tracking algorithm based on dynamical systems theory     

Daniel Conti  Alejandro Orfila  Evan Mason  Juan Manuel Sayol  Gonzalo Simarro  Salvador Balle 《Ocean Dynamics》2016,66(11):1415-1427

This work introduces a new method for ocean eddy detection that applies concepts from stationary dynamical systems theory. The method is composed of three steps: first, the centers of eddies are obtained from fixed points and their linear stability analysis; second, the size of the eddies is estimated from the vorticity between the eddy center and its neighboring fixed points, and, third, a tracking algorithm connects the different time frames. The tracking algorithm has been designed to avoid mismatching connections between eddies at different frames. Eddies are detected for the period between 1992 and 2012 using geostrophic velocities derived from AVISO altimetry and a new database is provided for the global ocean.  相似文献   

Small angle X-ray scattering mapping and kinetics study of sub-critical CO2 sorption by two Australian coals     

Andrzej P. Radliński  Tara L. Busbridge  Evan Mac A. Gray  Tomasz P. Blach  David J. Cookson 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2009,77(1-2):80-89

Time- and position-resolved synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering data were acquired from samples of two Australian coal seams: Bulli seam (Bulli 4, R_o = 1.42%, Sydney Basin), which naturally contains CO₂ and Baralaba seam (R_o = 0.67%, Bowen Basin), a potential candidate for sequestering CO₂. This experimental approach has provided unique, pore-size-specific insights into the kinetics of CO₂ sorption in the micro- and small mesopores (diameter 5 to 175 Å) and the density of the sorbed CO₂ at reservoir-like conditions of temperature and hydrostatic pressure.For both samples, at pressures above 5 bar, the density of CO₂ confined in pores was found to be uniform, with no densification in near-wall regions. In the Bulli 4 sample, CO₂ first flooded the slit pores between polyaromatic sheets. In the pore-size range analysed, the confined CO₂ density was close to that of the free CO₂. The kinetics data are too noisy for reliable quantitative analysis, but qualitatively indicate faster kinetics in mineral-matter-rich regions.In the Baralaba sample, CO₂ preferentially invaded the smallest micropores and the confined CO₂ density was up to five times that of the free CO₂. Faster CO₂ sorption kinetics was found to be correlated with higher mineral matter content but, the mineral-matter-rich regions had lower-density CO₂ confined in their pores. Remarkably, the kinetics was pore-size dependent, being faster for smaller pores.These results suggest that injection into the permeable section of an interbedded coal-clastic sequence could provide a viable combination of reasonable injectivity and high sorption capacity.  相似文献   

Sedimentary patterns and geometries of the Bahamian outer carbonate ramp (Miocene–Lower Pliocene, Great Bahama Bank)     

Christian Betzler  John J. G. Reijmer  Karin Bernet  Gregor P. Eberli  & Flavio S. Anselmetti 《Sedimentology》1999,46(6):1127-1143

Core, logging and high-resolution seismic data from ODP Leg 166 were used to analyse deposits of the Neogene (Miocene–Lower Pliocene) Bahamian outer carbonate ramp. Ramp sediments are cyclic alternations of light- and dark-grey wackestones/packstones with interbedded calciturbidite packages and minor slumps. Cyclicity was driven by high-frequency sea-level changes. Light-grey layers containing shallow-water bioclasts were formed when the ramp exported material, whereas the dark-grey layers are dominantly pelagic. Calciturbidites are arranged into mounded lobes with feeder channels. Internal bedding of the lobes shows a north-directed shingling as a result of the asymmetrical growth of these bodies. Calciturbidite packages occur below and above sequence boundaries, indicating that turbidite shedding occurred during third-order sea-level highstands and lowstands. Highstand turbidites contain shallow-water components, such as green algal debris and epiphytic foraminifera, whereas lowstand turbidites are dominated by abraded bioclastic detritus. Gravity flow depocentres shifted from an outer ramp position during the early Miocene to a basin floor setting during the late Miocene to early Pliocene. This change was triggered by an intensification of the strength of bottom currents during the Tortonian, which was also responsible for shaping the convex morphology of the outer ramp. The Miocene and Lower Pliocene of the leeward flank of Great Bahama Bank provides an example of the poorly known depositional setting of the outer part of distally steepened carbonate ramps. The contrast between its sedimentary patterns and the well-known Upper Pliocene–Quaternary slope facies associations of the flat-topped Great Bahama Bank shows the strong control that the morphology of a carbonate platform exerts on the depositional architecture of the adjacent slope and base-of-slope successions.  相似文献   

Book Review: Subsurface Flow and Transport: A Stochastic Approach. By Gedeon Dagan and Shlomo P. Neuman     

Evan K. Paleologos 《Mathematical Geology》2002,34(1):101-104

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Treatment Technology/Oxygen Revisited     

Evan K. Nyer  J. Scott Davis  Isabel King 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2002,22(3):44-49

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First, Do No Harm     

Evan K. Nyer  Pedro Fierro 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1998,18(1):65-68

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