地震观测仪器自动监控软件设计与实现     

姜佳宁  吴利军  徐磊  赵祖虎  方宏 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,40(4):167-175

结合地震地球物理观测台网台站监测工作实际,研制一款地震观测仪器自动监控软件。该软件适用于不同网络环境下IP类仪器设备的网络实时或定时自动监控,地球物理观测类仪器时钟、状态和观测数据的定时自动监控,能自动识别当日观测数据中的无效数据、变幅异常、干扰、地震和限幅等信息,无需借助其他硬件和软件即可将告警信息以短信方式发送给值班人员和管理人员,可实现对仪器原始观测数据的自动备份和手动恢复,及对仪器的一键重启和校正时钟等控制类操作,无需跨平台操作即可查看当日观测数据曲线及分析数据的完整性和有效性,从而实现对仪器的统一高效管理。  相似文献   

地震台站采购困境与应对策略 ——以内蒙古自治区地震局所属台站为例     

王禄军  刘芳  李达 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,40(6):165-167

针对内蒙古自治区地震局所属台站在采购中存在的问题,以乌加河地震台、宝昌地震台在采购中存在的问题为研究对象,利用相关政策法规,结合近几年工作经验,提出几条合理建议,以便解决内蒙古自治区地震局所辖台站采购中存在的问题。  相似文献   

乌兰浩特地震台与阿尔山火山地震观测站面波震级偏差分析     

席文雅  贾宝金  刘芳  包宝小  杨志霞 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,41(1):8-12

为了提高乌兰浩特地震台、阿尔山火山地震观测站的震级精度,基于面波震级公式和残差统计方法,分别计算乌兰浩特台、阿尔山火山地震观测站与中国地震台网中心测定的面波震级之间的偏差,分析产生震级偏差的影响因素。结果表明：乌兰浩特台、阿尔山火山地震观测站测定的面波震级与中国地震台网发布震级的偏差平均值分别为0.19、0.17;震级偏差总体呈现随震级的增加而先增大后减少的趋势;阿尔山火山地震观测站震级偏差随震中距的增大而增大,而乌兰浩特台则先增大后减少。  相似文献   

爆炸当量估算的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘瑞丰  李赞  张玲  刘晓锋  王俊  李恩来  刘芳 《地震地磁观测与研究》2019,40(4):1-7

爆炸当量是评估爆炸能量的重要参数,快速估算爆炸当量对于有效开展应急救援工作至关重要。收集攀枝花铁矿爆破、宁夏煤矿爆破、河南汝阳钼矿爆破等矿山爆破资料,得到爆破的地方性震级M_L与爆炸当量Y之间的经验关系,并据此估算2019年7月19日河南省三门峡市气化厂爆炸事故的爆炸当量为16 t左右。  相似文献   

基于波形特征的露天钼矿微震事件的识别分析——以卓资山钼矿为例     

赵艳红  包金哲  王树波  翟浩  魏建民  杨智升  张晖  赵铁锁  苏日亚  王磊  王鑫  贾昕晔  刘芳 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(3):662-676

基于前人研究成果以及现场的实测结果,采用卓资山露天钼矿微震监测项目产出资料,提取了5类微震事件的波形特征和时频特征。波形特征显示:微地震的振幅、辐射均匀性和频率变化特征表明微地震是由于岩层受到单力偶和剪切力作用破裂而产生;爆破具有P波初动方向向上、S波不易识别的特点,包含“初震段、主震段、尾波段”三段变化形态;小型边坡滑坡波事件属楔体滑坡,是由多个“加速—缓冲—终止”构成,波形是由包络线呈“V”字形的多组脉冲波列组成;机械开采震动事件具有自振能量不变、脉冲幅度相差很大、持续时间间隔不确定的特点;运输车辆波形振幅具有形态“弱—强—弱”、等频率、包络线呈多段纺锤形的特征。时频空间分布可以分为相对独立、界限分明的两类:一类包含微地震、爆破、机械开采、小型边坡滑坡事件,另一类只包含车辆运输事件。  相似文献   

Equilibrium thallium isotope fractionation and its constraint on Earth’s late veneer     

Tong Fang  Yun Liu 《Acta Geochimica》2019,(4):459-471

Equilibrium isotope fractionation of thallium(Tl) includes the traditional mass-dependent isotope fractionation effect and the nuclear volume effect(NVE). The NVE dominates the overall isotope fractionation, especially at high temperatures. Heavy Tl isotopes tend to be enriched in oxidized Tl^3+-bearing species. Our NVE fractionation results of oxidizing Tl^+ to Tl^3+ can explain the positive enrichments observed in ferromanganese sediments. Experimental results indicate that there could be0.2–0.3 e-unit fractionation between sulfides and silicates at 1650 ℃. It is consistent with our calculation results,which are in the range of 0.17–0.38 e-unit. Importantly,Tl’s concentration in the bulk silicate Earth(BSE) can be used to constrain the amount of materials delivered to Earth during the late veneer accretion stage. Because the Tl concentration in BSE is very low and its Tl isotope composition is similar with that of chondrites, suggesting either no Tl isotope fractionation occurred during numerous evaporation events, or the Tl in current BSE was totally delivered by late veneer. If it is the latter, the Tl-contentbased estimation could challenge the magnitude of late veneer which had been constrained by the amount of highly siderophile elements in BSE. Our results show that the lateaccreted mass is at least five-times larger than the previously suggested magnitude, i.e., 0.5 wt% of current Earth’s mass. The slightly lighter 205 Tl composition of BSE relative to chondrites is probable a sign of occurrence of Tlbearing sulfides, which probably were removed from the mantle in the last accretion stage of the Earth.  相似文献   

Quantitative simulation and verification of upgrade law of sustainable development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Fang  Chuanglin  Liang  Longwu  Wang  Zhenbo 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(12):2031-2049

The natural formation and development of urban agglomerations is a process in which core cities continue to unite their neighboring cities to enhance sustainability for their own sustainable development.The upgrade mechanism of sustainable development urban agglomeration is a nonlinear composite upgrade curve that is a function of time,increasing with the number of cities.In this paper,the sustainable upgrade function curve,upgrade rate,and upgrade speed of urban agglomerations were solved using a geometrical derivation,and the index system for measuring the upgrade capability of sustainable development of urban agglomerations was established.The dynamic change in economic sustainable upgrade capability,social sustainable upgrade capability,environmental sustainable upgrade capability,and comprehensive sustainable upgrade capability of a Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2015 was measured by technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution and a grey correlation method,and a comprehensive,intercity unite strength model and a unite threshold calculation method for urban agglomerations were established.The research shows that the economic sustainable upgrade capability,social sustainable upgrade capability,environmental sustainable upgrade capability,and comprehensive sustainable upgrade capability of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration all show a wave-like rising trend.The average annual upgrade speeds during 2000-2015 are,respectively,2.4%.1.67%,1.1%,and 1.74%,with the intercity comprehensive unite strength of urban agglomerations maintaining a general increase;but there is a limit to the joint threshold.From 2000 to 2015,as the core city of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration,Beijing,to enhance its sustainable upgrade capability,jointly developed with Tianjin,Langfang,and Baoding before 2000,Tangshan in 2002,Cangzhou in 2009,Zhangjiakou and Shijiazhuang in 2012,and Chengde in 2014.By 2015,the comprehensive unite strength between Beijing and four cities(Handan,Qinhuangdao,Hengshui,and Xingtai) was still lower than the unite threshold of 6.14.These four cities are relatively far from Beijing,and offer no substantial contribution to the sustainable upgrade capability of Beijing.Through multiple fittings of the upgrade curve using the long-term sequence index of the comprehensive sustainable upgrade capability of Beijing(the core city of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration) from 2000 to 2015,it was found that the simulated curve of the comprehensive sustainable upgrade function of the agglomeration was very similar to the curve of the comprehensive sustainable upgrade capability,which indicates that the simulation results are satisfactory.The future comprehensive sustainable upgrade capability of the agglomeration can be analyzed and predicted by the comprehensive sustainable upgrade function model.This study provides quantitative decision-supporting evidence for promoting the coordinated development of the Beijing-TianjinHebei urban agglomeration and provides theoretical guidance and algorithms for determining the number of cities joined with the sustainable development of national urban agglomerations.  相似文献   

高寒退化草地中垫状点地梅的生态系统工程师作用     

何永涛  王芳  牛犇  王志鹏  李猛  石培礼  张宪洲 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(1):107-112

垫状植物是高寒地区广泛分布的一类具有特殊形态的植物,被称为高寒生态系统工程师,其在高寒退化草地中的作用如何?本研究以位于西藏当雄念青唐古拉山脉南坡4500m的一处高寒退化草地为例,调查了垫状点地梅覆盖区域内外的物种多样性、土壤养分以及水分的差异。结果表明:垫状点地梅可以显著改善土壤养分,提高幅度大约为16%-48%,其中有机质和总氮(N)分别增加了16.2%和18.9%;局部土壤含水量提高约12%;样方内的物种丰富度(S)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H)和Simpson指数(D)都随着垫状点地梅盖度的增加而呈增加的趋势。垫状点地梅在退化草地中具有显著的改善土壤微环境和提高群落物种多样性的作用,应加强保育以促进高寒退化草地的恢复。  相似文献   

A brief review of ENSO theories and prediction     

Xianghui FANG  Ruihuang XIE 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(4):476-491

Although the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) originates and develops in the equatorial Pacific, it has substantial climatic impacts around the globe. Thus, the ability to effectively simulate and predict ENSO one or more seasons in advance is of great societal importance, but this remains a challenging task. The main obstacles are the diversity, complexity,irregularity, and asymmetry of ENSO. The purpose of this article is to organically integrate the understanding of ENSO based on current progress on the physical mechanisms, prediction, and connections between the interannual ENSO phenomenon and physical processes on other time and space scales, and to provide guidance for future studies by extracting specific important questions.  相似文献   

Evaluation of multidecadal and longer-term temperature changes since 850 CE based on Northern Hemisphere proxy-based reconstructions and model simulations     

Wang  Jianglin  Yang  Bao  Zheng  Jingyun  Zhang  Xuezhen  Wang  Zhiyuan  Fang  Miao  Shi  Feng  Liu  Jingjing 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(8):1126-1143

The temperature variability over multidecadal and longer timescales(e.g., the cold epochs in the late 15 th, 17 th, and early 19 th centuries) is significant and dominant in the millennium-long, large-scale reconstructions and model simulations;however, their temporal patterns in the reconstructed and simulated temperature series are not well understood and require a detailed assessment and comparison. Here, we compare the reconstructed and simulated temperature series for the Northern Hemisphere(NH) at multidecadal and longer-term timescales(30 years) by evaluating their covariance, climate sensitivity and amplitude of temperature changes. We found that covariances between different reconstructions or between reconstructions and simulations are generally high for the whole period of 850–1999 CE, due to their similar long-term temporal patterns. However,covariances between different reconstructions or between reconstructions and simulations steadily decline as time series extends further back in time, becoming particularly small during Medieval times. This is related to the large uncetainties in the reconstructions caused by the decreased number of proxy records and sample duplication during the pre-instrumental periods.Reconstructions based solely on tree-ring data show higher skill than multiproxy reconstructions in capturing the amplitude of volcanic cooling simulated by models. Meanwhile, climate models have a shorter recovery(i.e., lag) in response to the cooling caused by volcanic eruptions and solar activity minima, implying the lack of some important feedback mechanisms between external forcing and internal climate processes in climate models. Amplitudes of temperature variations in the latest published tree-ring reconstructions are comparable to those of the multiproxy reconstructions. We found that the temperature difference between the Medieval Climate Anomaly(950–1250 CE) and the Little Ice Age(1450–1850 CE) is generally larger in proxybased reconstructions than in model simulations, but the reason is unclear.  相似文献