Recent changes of temperature extremes over Italy: an index-based analysis     

Guido Fioravanti  Emanuela Piervitali  Franco Desiato 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2016,123(3-4):473-486

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Atlantic forcing of Pacific decadal variability   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fred Kucharski  Farah Ikram  Franco Molteni  Riccardo Farneti  In-Sik Kang  Hyun-Ho No  Martin P. King  Graziano Giuliani  Kristian Mogensen 《Climate Dynamics》2016,46(7-8):2337-2351

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Understanding and modelling extra-tropical teleconnections with the Indo-Pacific region during the northern winter     

Franco Molteni  Timothy N. Stockdale  Frédéric Vitart 《Climate Dynamics》2015,45(11-12):3119-3140

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Social multi-criteria evaluation as a decision support tool for integrated coastal zone management     

Eneko Garmendia  Gonzalo Gamboa  Javier Franco  Joxe Mikel Garmendia  Pedro Liria  Marta Olazabal 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2010,53(7):385-403

Traditional top-down and technocratic approaches seem to be insufficient to tackle the many conflicts related to the sustainable use of natural resources. At the same time, reductionist and mono-disciplinary approaches lack the capacity to capture the complex interactions within evolving socio-ecological systems. Coastal zone management is an area that provides a clear example of such difficulties. In this paper we explore the scope of a participatory integrated assessment process, known as Social Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE), in the context of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). Through a two-year collaborative research process, between an interdisciplinary group of researchers and a diverse group of stakeholders in the Urdaibai Estuary (a Biosphere Reserve in the Basque Country, Northern Spain), we show that improving the integration of diverse expertise and values can lead, through a mutual learning process, to the definition of relevant policy options and sound decisions in the face of complexity, value conflict and unavoidable uncertainty.  相似文献   

Comment on “Communicating earthquake risk to the public: the trial of the ‘L’Aquila Seven’” by David E. Alexander     

Franco Gabrielli  Daniela Di Bucci 《Natural Hazards》2015,75(1):991-998

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A hydrological record extension model for reconstructing streamflows from tree‐ring chronologies          下载免费PDF全文

Jose D. Salas  Zeyad Tarawneh  Franco Biondi 《水文研究》2015,29(4):544-556

Characterizing drought events is an important factor in designing and operating water resource projects, but instrumental hydrologic records are generally short (<100 years). Because estimates of drought statistics can improve when longer records are available, we developed a stochastic model to extend instrumental streamflows based on tree‐ring chronologies. This Record Extension plus Noise (or REXTN) model consists of an autoregressive term to account for the temporal persistence of streamflows, predictor variables with longer records, and a noise term. The noise term was included to avoid underestimating the variability of the flows and to generate multiple extensions, which offer the possibility of quantifying the uncertainty of drought statistics such as the critical drought. For cases where having multiple extensions is not desirable, a statistically based algorithm was developed to select a single extended record. Using a simulation experiment, model REXTN was found to perform better than other existing reconstruction methods. The model was then applied to extend streamflows of the Poudre River, CO, USA, based on tree ring‐chronologies back to the year 1600, and the reconstructions were used to determine drought statistics such as duration and magnitude. When results based on the classical linear regression model were compared with those calculated by model REXTN, the latter was found to better match flow and drought statistics from the instrumental records, as well as to give a broader range of drought duration and magnitude. The REXTN model provides a useful addition to the range of tools available to hydrologists for coping with the uncertainty associated with water resource management under future climate scenarios. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Abandoned and active mining sites: From contamination to remediation     

Rosa Cidu  Franco Frau 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2009,100(2-3):v

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Environmental geochemistry and mineralogy of lead at the old mine area of Baccu Locci (south-east Sardinia,Italy)     

Franco Frau  Carla Ardau  Luca Fanfani 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2009,100(2-3):105-115

About a century of exploitation of the galena-arsenopyrite deposit of Baccu Locci in Sardinia (Italy) has caused a severe, persistent arsenic contamination that extends downstream from the mine for several kilometres. Differently from As, the contamination of lead in surface waters is only localised in the upper part of the mine despite very high Pb concentrations in geologic materials (waste rocks, tailings, stream sediments, soils) over the whole Baccu Locci stream catchment. The aqueous and solid speciation of Pb in various environmental media of the Baccu Locci system was determined by means of a combined analytical (ICP-MS, SEM-EDX, TEM-EDX, chemical extraction) and thermodynamic approach (PHREEQC). The study has pointed out that relatively little Pb (up to 30 µg/L) is initially released to surface waters (pH = 7–8, Eh = 0.4–0.6 V) very rapidly due to dissolution of anglesite that is the first product of galena oxidation. Subsequently, Pb is removed (down to 0.6 µg/L) by probable sorption onto hydrous ferric oxides (e.g. ferrihydrite) and/or possible precipitation of As-containing plumbojarosite that is the main secondary Pb-bearing phase in stream sediments/tailings along the Baccu Locci stream course. The latter hypothesis is controversial since it is reported from the literature that plumbojarosite is formed under acidic conditions, although there is contrary field evidence as well. Bearing in mind the uncertainties introduced from thermodynamic and analytical data, the solubility calculations indicate strong undersaturation of surface waters with respect to plumbojarosite (SI: ? 19.9 to ? 3.7). On the contrary arsenatian plumbojarosite is at or close to saturation (SI: ? 0.6 to 3.2) in most surface waters and beudantite is clearly above saturation (SI: 4.1 to 12.7). This suggests that the incorporation of As might increase the stability of plumbojarosite, extending it up to near-neutral conditions. As a consequence, Pb is prevented from being released downstream to surface waters, and dissolved Pb concentrations remain definitely below the Italian and WHO limits for drinking waters (50 µg/L and 10 µg/L, respectively).  相似文献   

Eutrophication Assessment in Basque Estuaries: Comparing a North American and a European Method   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Maialen Garmendia  Suzanne Bricker  Marta Revilla  ángel Borja  Javier Franco  Juan Bald  Victoriano Valencia 《Estuaries and Coasts》2012,35(4):991-1006

Eutrophication in marine ecosystems is an important problem that requires an accurate assessment. Although Basque estuaries (northern Spain) have historically been under high anthropogenic pressure, no specific eutrophication assessment method had been applied in these waters. In this study, a method employed in the Basque Country (BC) to assess the ??risk of failing to achieve good ecological status?? under the requirements of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) was adapted to exclusively assess the risk of eutrophication. This method is based on the driver?Cpressure?Cstate?Cimpact?Cresponse approach. The results from this method (called WFD-BC method) were compared to the results from Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status (ASSETS; a specific method developed in the US to assess estuarine trophic status in a pressure?Cstate?Cresponse approach). The nutrient pressure was better characterized with the WFD-BC method due to the local hydrographic conditions (i.e., small and river-influenced estuaries) that were not well accommodated by the ASSETS method. In contrast, the WFD-BC results for assessment of state generally reflected worse conditions than the results from the ASSETS method due to the different indicators employed and the way these are integrated in the WFD-BC method. Overall, the WFD-BC method showed a good potential to assess eutrophication. However, to improve it, a lower weight for the benthos and macroalgae is recommended for evaluating state.  相似文献   

SHRIMP Zircon U‐Pb Dating of Alkaline Dykes in the Pobei Area,Beishan Rift,Xinjiang Autonomous Region,China: Implications for Tectonic Setting and Mantle Plume Events   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

MAO Jingwen  Franco PIRAJNO  ZHANG Zuoheng  WAN Yusheng 《《地质学报》英文版》2012,86(4):879-884

In the Beishan rift in the eastern Tianshan orogen, Xinjiang Province, a N-S-trending dyke swarm is present in the Pobei area. The swarm cuts through the 270–290 Ma mafic-ultramafic intrusions associated with Ni-Cu sulphide mineralization. These mafic-ultramafic intrusions are typically found along E-W major faults in the Tianshan orogenic belts. We report SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from a dyke of alkaline composition, which yielded a mean age of 252±9 Ma. Alkaline dykes of the same age are found in the Altay region of Siberia. This age is younger than the 270–290 Ma intraplate magmatic events that produced the mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the region, but in general agreement with the 250–260 Ma Permian plume event that gave rise to the Siberian traps and the Emeishan flood basalts in SW China. We suggest that there is a link between the Emeishan event and the dyke swarm in the Beishan rift and that the intraplate magmatism at 270–290 Ma reflects an early stage of mantle plume activity. The N-S trending dyke swarm in the Beishan rift may represent a later stage in the evolution of mantle plume activity in the NW and SW of China. We also speculate that in Beishan rift and possibly elsewhere in the Tianshan region, the dykes fed basaltic volcanism, whose products have since been eroded due to the strong uplift of the Tianshan orogen as a result of the India-Eurasia collision in the Cenozoic.  相似文献