Surface flow boundary conditions in modeling land subsidence due to fluid withdrawal     

Baú D  Ferronato M  Gambolati G  Teatini P 《Ground water》2004,42(4):516-525

Land subsidence due to subsurface fluid (water, gas, oil) withdrawal is often predicted by either finite element or finite difference numerical models based on coupled poroelastic theory, where the soil is represented as a semi-infinite medium bounded by the traction-free (ground) surface. One of the variables playing a most important role on the final outcome is the flow condition used on the traction-free boundary, which may be assumed as either permeable or impermeable. Although occasionally justified, the assumption of no-flow surface seems to be in general rather unrealistic. A permeable boundary where the fluid pressure is fixed to the external atmospheric pressure appears to be more appropriate. This paper addresses the response, in terms of land subsidence, obtained with a coupled poroelastic finite element model that simulates a distributed pumping from a horizontal aquifer confined between two relatively impervious layers, and takes either a permeable boundary surface, i.e., constant hydraulic potential, or an impermeable boundary, i.e., a zero Neumann flow condition. The analysis reveals that land subsidence is rather sensitive to the flow condition implemented on the traction-free boundary. In general, the no-flow condition leads to an overestimate of the predicted ground surface settlement, which could even be 1 order of magnitude larger than that obtained with the permeable boundary.  相似文献   

基于傅立叶相位分析的卫星云图导风技术   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4  

王振会  许建明  G.Kelly 《气象科学》2004,24(1):9-15

导出云迹风(Cloud Motion Wind)的传统方法．是用最大相关系数法在间隔30min的卫星云图序列上计算示踪云的位移．以获得有关高度上风的估计值。但在用这种方法处理1min间隔云图时产生“亚像素尺度位移”问题。过去对傅立叶分析法的初步研究表明．对示踪云进行频域波谱分析,由谐波的相位变化计算波速。能够避免“亚像素尺度位移”问题。本文在此基础上,给出详细的理论推导和个例验证。  相似文献   

Transient oceanic and tidal contributions to water exchange and residence times in a coastal upwelling system in the NE Atlantic: the Pontevedra Ria, Galicia     

Dale AW  Prego R  Millward GE  Gómez-Gesteira M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(3):235-248

An analysis of the intra-annual variability of hydrographic residence times, tau, is presented for the Pontevedra Ria--a large coastal system in NW Spain with a deep, unobstructed connection with the Atlantic Ocean. Ria-offshore water exchange and tau were quantified with an iterative approach to the fraction of freshwater method using 23 quasi-steady state water-salt budgets. Excluding prolonged flushing due to downwelling events at the end of the upwelling season, mean was 6 +/- 2 day in the central ria and 2 +/- 1 day in the internal ria. The tidal contribution, equal to 10-25% of total water renewal, was quantified for the first time for a Galician ria with the hydrodynamic model estuarine contaminant simulator (ECoS). The relationship between tau and residual freshwater input, Qz, was atypical, since Qz played a minor role in water exchange in comparison to periodic upwelling of East North Atlantic Central Water (ENACW) from the continental shelf mainly during spring and summer. During positive upwelling stress, the intrusion of ENACW into the ria produced enhanced flushing and tau < 4 day in the central ria and < 2 days in the internal ria. Under downwelling favourable conditions, water was retained and tau prolonged to >8 and >5 days, respectively. A quantitative parameterisation of tau with upwelling and Qz was weakly significant, due to the short-term variability in ria salinity. This paper elucidates problems associated with the use of water budgets to transient coastal systems such as the Pontevedra Ria.  相似文献   

Ce anomaly in minerals of eclogite and garnet pyroxenite from Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt: Tacking subducted sediment formed under oxidizing conditions   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Deltlef Günther 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(10):920-930

~~Ce anomaly in minerals of eclogite and garnet pyroxenite from Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt:Tacking subducted sediment formed under oxidizing conditions@Deltlef Günther$Institute of Inorganic Chemistry,ETHZürich,Universitatsstrasse6,CH-092Zürich,Switzerland~~…  相似文献   

AUFFINDUNG VON REIS IN EINER TONSCHERBE AUS EINER ETWA FNFTAUSEND-JHRIGEN CHINESISCHEN SIEDLUNG.     

Von G. EDMAN  E. SDERBERG   《《地质学报》英文版》1929,8(4):382-384

Von Professor GUNNAR ANDERSSON aufgefordert, haben wir versucht, Pflanzenreste in einigen von ihm (1923) gemachten Funden aus neolithischen und aeneolithischen Siedlungen in China zu identifizieren. Unter diesem Material befand sich eine Tonscherbe, die mit der Marke Y. S. Ⅺ versehen  相似文献   

DEEP WELLS IN THE PEKING AREA     

G.B.BARBOUR 《地质学报》1924,3(2)

The underground water-supply of the plain of North Chihli is of sufficient importance to geologists and civil engineers to warrant the placing in readily available form of some data till now not easily accessible.  相似文献   

Conservation of Mediterranean seascapes: analyses of existing protection schemes     

Fraschetti S  Terlizzi A  Bussotti S  Guarnieri G  D'Ambrosio P  Boero F 《Marine environmental research》2005,59(4):309-332

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are aimed at managing and protecting marine environments. Their design, however, often disregards both a thorough knowledge of the distribution of habitats and assemblages and the use of proper experimental evaluations of the efficacy of MPAs by comparing protected vs. unprotected zones. About 200 MPAs have been recently instituted in the Mediterranean area, but the evidence of their efficacy is scant. The MPA of Torre Guaceto (Southern Adriatic Sea, Italy) is one of the rare cases of effective protection enforcement. The reserve was instituted more than 10 years ago, a period currently considered as sufficient to show responses by organisms to protection. The MPA is divided into a C zone, the general reserve, where many activities are permitted, a B zone, the partial reserve where restrictions increase and two A zones, the integral reserve where access is prohibited. The goals of the paper were to map the distribution of benthic assemblages to assess if they were properly represented in the differently protected zones, and to test the efficacy of protection by quantifying possible differences between the assemblages in two control areas and in the two A zones, where human impact is completely excluded. The analysis of habitat and assemblage distribution within the MPA showed that the zones with total protection do not include most valuable environmental types. Most of the considered variables (i.e. cover of substratum, number of taxa, and average abundance of the most common taxa) were not significantly different in and out of the A zones, at each time of sampling. Results, however, suggested a possible effect of protection in modifying patterns of abundance of sponges under Cystoseira canopy (more abundant in the fully protected zone). In the subtidal habitat, differences were found in the structure of the whole assemblage and in the abundance of encrusting coralline red algae (more abundant outside the fully protected area). Notwithstanding the correct general methodology employed in the study, a lack of statistical power could have a role in preventing the detection of ecologically relevant effects of protection. In some instances, data pooling allowed a discrimination between cases where there was clearly no effect of protection and cases where there might be. On this basis, the optimization of this experimental design should be considered in further studies. In any case, if the goals of MPAs have not been clearly stated, efficacy of protection might prove very difficult to test even with the use of sound experimental designs.  相似文献   

海上净化实验舱     

C.S.Wong  W.J.Cretney  J.Piuze  P.Christensen  P.G.Berrang 《海洋科学》1982,6(1):60-62

已报道的关于大洋水中某些痕量金属的基线浓度,总的说来是随着经历的年代而一直在减少的。这样,在文献中看到的大部分有关痕量金属浓度的数据就似乎没有什么价值,而只不过是污染水平的指标罢了,因为,实验室之间精心的相互校正实践已证明,只有严格净化的采样、操作和分析技术才会产生准确的数据。  相似文献   

在潮障壁湾的地貌动力学演化     

Lessa  G 李川兰 《海洋地质前沿》1996,(4):11-13

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DNA strand breakage in mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) deployed in intertidal and subtidal zone in Reykjavík harbour     

Halldórsson HP  Ericson G  Svavarsson J 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):763-767

DNA single-strand breaks were analysed in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) deployed in intertidal and subtidal zones in the PAH contaminated Reykjavík harbour and at a reference site, Hvalfj?rethur, Iceland. DNA strand breaks were analysed by Comet assay in isolated gill and haemocyte cells from six mussels from each site and depth. Increased DNA damage in both gill cells and haemocytes were observed in mussels deployed in Reykjavík harbour compared to the reference site. Intertidal mussels from Reykjavík harbour had higher DNA damage in haemocytes compared to subtidal mussels. The Comet assay seems to be useful for measuring genotoxic exposure in mussels from the field, and that DNA damage might be higher in the intertidal zone either due to higher exposure to contaminants or because of physiological and biochemical responses to variations in oxygen availability.  相似文献