Effects of grazing and climate change on sandy grassland ecosystems in Inner Mongolia     

HaLin Zhao  Toshiya Okuro  RuiLian Zhou  YuLin Li  XiaoAn Zuo 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(3):0223-0232

To understand the effects of grazing activities and climate change on sandy grassland ecosystems in northern China, a livestock field grazing and enclosure experiment was conducted from 1992 to 2006 in Horqin Sand Land, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that sustained heavy grazing resulted in serious degradation of the vegetation; moderate grazing can maintain vegetation stabilization; and light grazing can promote rapid restoration of degraded vegetation. The livestock productivity was the highest in the moderate grazing grassland, and sustained heavy grazing resulted in rapid decrease of the livestock productivity. Heavy grazing can cause a retrogressive succession of grassland vegetation, whereas moderate and light grazing may promote progressive succession of plant species. The effects of changing climate on succession processes were not significant in the short term; a warm-humid climate is favorable to restoration of degraded vegetation, whereas a sustained warm-drought climate may result in degradation of grassland vegetation. Heavy livestock grazing should be stopped for the sustainable use of grassland; the proper grazing intensity for sandy grassland is two to three sheep or sheep equivalents per hectare in Inner Mongolia.  相似文献   

多星座组合RAIM算法研究     

葛君霞  胡永辉  侯雷  吴华兵  王志浩 《时间频率学报》2014,(3)

随着GPS、GALILEO、GLONASS以及BDS的快速发展,需要加强对基于多星座组合的接收机自主完好性监测(RAIM)算法的研究.首先介绍了RAIM算法的原理及流程,然后研究分析了多星座组合下的伪距残差的最小二乘算法以及多星座RAIM算法的可用性判断,最后对单GPS星座和GPS、GLONASS和BDS三星座组合的RAIM算法进行了仿真分析.仿真结果表明:多星座组合RAIM算法得到的故障检测率和故障识别率比单星座有明显提高.  相似文献   

Data preprocessing and preliminary results of the Moon-based Ultraviolet Telescope on the CE-3 lander     

Wei-Bin Wen  Fang Wang  Chun-Lai Li  Jing Wang  Li Cao  Jian-Jun Liu  Xu Tan  Yuan Xiao  Qiang Fu  Yan Su  Wei Zuo 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2014,(12)

The Moon-based Ultraviolet Telescope(MUVT) is one of the payloads on the Chang'e-3(CE-3) lunar lander. Because of the advantages of having no atmospheric disturbances and the slow rotation of the Moon, we can make long-term continuous observations of a series of important celestial objects in the near ultraviolet band(245～340 nm), and perform a sky survey of selected areas, which cannot be completed on Earth. We can find characteristic changes in celestial brightness with time by analyzing image data from the MUVT, and deduce the radiation mechanism and physical properties of these celestial objects after comparing with a physical model. In order to explain the scientific purposes of MUVT, this article analyzes the preprocessing of MUVT image data and makes a preliminary evaluation of data quality. The results demonstrate that the methods used for data collection and preprocessing are effective, and the Level 2A and 2B image data satisfy the requirements of follow-up scientific researches.  相似文献   

Scientific data products and the data pre-processing subsystem of the Chang'e-3 mission     

Xu Tan  Jian-Jun Liu  Chun-Lai Li  Jian-Qing Feng  Xin Ren  Fen-Fei Wang  Wei Yan  Wei Zuo  Xiao-Qian Wang  Zhou-Bin Zhang 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2014,(12)

The Chang'e-3(CE-3) mission is China's first exploration mission on the surface of the Moon that uses a lander and a rover. Eight instruments that form the scientific payloads have the following objectives:(1) investigate the morphological features and geological structures at the landing site;(2) integrated in-situ analysis of minerals and chemical compositions;(3) integrated exploration of the structure of the lunar interior;(4) exploration of the lunar-terrestrial space environment, lunar surface environment and acquire Moon-based ultraviolet astronomical observations. The Ground Research and Application System(GRAS) is in charge of data acquisition and pre-processing, management of the payload in orbit, and managing the data products and their applications. The Data Pre-processing Subsystem(DPS) is a part of GRAS.The task of DPS is the pre-processing of raw data from the eight instruments that are part of CE-3, including channel processing, unpacking, package sorting, calibration and correction, identification of geographical location, calculation of probe azimuth angle, probe zenith angle, solar azimuth angle, and solar zenith angle and so on, and conducting quality checks. These processes produce Level 0, Level 1 and Level 2data. The computing platform of this subsystem is comprised of a high-performance computing cluster, including a real-time subsystem used for processing Level 0 data and a post-time subsystem for generating Level 1 and Level 2 data. This paper describes the CE-3 data pre-processing method, the data pre-processing subsystem, data classification, data validity and data products that are used for scientific studies.  相似文献   

登封箕山北麓硅化破碎带含矿地质特征     

赵华中  李国忠  左培锦 《河南国土资源》1994,(2)

登封箕山北麓硅化破碎带主要产于上寒武统白云岩中，成群成带分布。矿化严格受地层、岩性、构造条件控制。本文着重硅化破碎带的含矿地质特征、矿化类型、元素组合、异常分布和围岩蚀变等成矿地质条件分析研究，认为太古代变质绿岩和富钾花岗岩类是“矿源层”，其成因应属低温热液充填型。  相似文献   

汝州阳坡的洛峪口组     

左景勋  刘良才  王令全 《河南国土资源》1997,(2)

汝州阳坡一带的洛峪口组，归属于上元古界洛峪群。洛峪口组自下而上可划分出四个岩性段，其中一、二段相当于汝阳洛峪口村附近建组剖面上的洛峪口组，三、四段则为汝州地区新发现的地层，它们之间均呈整合接触关系，时代归属晚元古代青白口纪。洛峪口组四个段，在岩性组合上具有较强的规律性，反映出潮下、潮间、潮上的沉积环境交替出现。海平面振荡频繁，发育三个Ⅱ类层序，除Ⅱ３顶部为Ⅰ型层序界面外，其他层序的顶底界面均为Ⅱ型层序界面。三个层序均具有共同的沉积特征，海侵体系域不发育，饥饿段出现的层位低  相似文献