M5'模型树算法和无人机航拍影像在震后崩塌滑坡分析中的应用——以鲁甸M_S6.5地震为例     

王伟平  杨建思  高瑜  徐志强  姜旭东  郑钰  彭朝勇 《中国地震》2017,33(1):68-80

利用高分辨率无人机航拍影像,结合基本地质资料,分析了影响2014年8月3日鲁甸M_S6.5地震震后崩塌滑坡分布的主要因素,使用M5'模型树算法建立了崩塌滑坡密度与其影响因子间的分段线性模型,并检验了该模型的预测性能。结果表明,地震诱发的崩塌滑坡分布受断层距、岩土体结构强度、坡度、植被条件等的影响,其中,断层距、岩土体结构强度及坡度等为主要影响因素;崩塌滑坡易发生在结构破裂区及坡度为38°~50°的区域,其分布密度随断层距的增加而减小;利用M5'模型树算法建立的模型体现出崩塌滑坡分布与其影响因子间复杂的非线性关系,模型检验结果显示,理论模型与实际关联函数间的相关系数达到0.88,因此,可利用该模型预测地震诱发的崩塌滑坡的分布。  相似文献   

Vertical variations and composition of dissolved free amino acid in the seawater of the Yap Trench in the western Pacific Ocean     

Niu  Jiaohong  Sun  Chengjun  Yang  Bo  Xie  Lei  Jiang  Fenghua  Cao  Wei  Chen  Yan  Ding  Haibing  Huang  Yuhuan  Gao  Xianchi 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2023,41(1):118-137

The composition and concentration of dissolved free amino acid (DFAA) of seawater samples collected in May 2016 from the surface to the hadal zone of the northern region of the Yap Trench were analyzed by pre-column derivatization of o-phthalaldehyde. Results show that the average concentration of DFAA in the study area was 0.47±0.36 µmol/L. In different sampling stations, the concentrations of DFAA with water depth showed complex variation patterns. At the sediment-seawater interface, the concentrations of DFAA in the western side of the trench were obviously higher than that in its eastern side. In the study area, there were no significant correlations between the concentrations of DFAA and the environmental parameters such as concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl a), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), indicating that the concentrations of DFAA in seawater of the trench are affected by many factors, such as photosynthesis, respiration, temperature, pressure, illumination, and circulation. The dominant DFAA are similar in different water layers of sampling stations, including aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), glycine (Gly), and serine (Ser). The composition of different amino acids, and the relative abundance of acidic, basic, and neutral amino acids might be related to the sources and consumption of various amino acids. Nine pairs of amino acids in the DFAA showed significantly positive relationship by correlation matrix analysis, suggesting that they might share similar biogeochemical processes. The degradation index (DI) of the DFAA in seawater of the Yap Trench could reflect the degradation, source, and freshness of DFAA in the trench to some extents. This is a preliminary study of amino acids from sea surface to hadal zone in the ocean, more works shall be done in different trenches to reveal their biogeochemical characteristics in extreme marine environments.

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Current Vertical Motion Analysis of Northwestern Margin of Ordos Based on Precise Leveling     

Guo Baozhen  Ta L  Zhou Haitao  Su Guangli 《中国地震研究》2018,32(1):113-118

Ordos block was squeezed by the Qinghai-Tibetan block and North China block, and the tectonic activity was intense. In the periphery of Ordos block, there was a series of folds zones and compressed faults with complicate structures. This paper used three-phase data of 1980,1990 and 2014 to calculate vertical velocity of Northwestern margin of Ordos and the analytical results indicated that ① the Hetao basin between the rise of Yinshan fault block and Ordos fault block showed relatively subsidence, in which Linhe basin was the most evident and the subsidence rate was about 2-4mm/a. The subsidence rate of Jartai -Yinchuan rift zone on the western margin of Ordos block was about 2mm/a; ② the whole testing zone exhibited the evident inherited movement characterized by mountain rise and basin subsidence; ③the two leveling section through the northern margin fault and Dengkou-Benjing fault showed that the difference between vertical velocities on two sides of the fault was less than 0.5mm/a.  相似文献   

Relocation of the Jinghe MS6.6 Earthquake Sequence on August 9, 2017 and Analysis of the Seismogenic Structure     

Liu Jianming  Gao Rong  Wang Qiong  Nie Xiaohong 《中国地震研究》2018,32(4):482-490

Based on the digital waveforms of the Xinjiang Digital Seismic Network,the Jinghe M_S6.6 earthquake sequence( M_L≥1. 0) were relocated by HypoDD,The characteristics of the spatial distribution and the seismogenic structure of this earthquake sequence were analyzed. The results show that the main shock is relocated at 44. 2639° N,82. 8294° E,and the initial rupture depth is 17. 6 km. The earthquake sequence clearly demonstrates a unilateral extension of about 20 km in the EW direction,and is mainly located at a depth of 7km-17 km. The depth profile along the aftershock direction shows that the focal depth of aftershocks tend to be shallower within 10 km to the west of the main shock,the focal depth of the aftershock sequence with the tail direction deflecting SW is deeper. The depth profile perpendicular to the earthquake sequence shows a gradual deepening of the seismic sequence from north to south,which indicates that the fault plane is dipping south.According to the focal mechanism solution,given by the Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,and the geological structure of the seismic source region,it is inferred that the seismogenic structure of the Jinghe M_S 6.6 earthquake may be the eastern segment of the Kusongmuxieke fault.  相似文献   

川滇地区壳幔地震各向异性研究进展     

张艺  高原  赵镇岭 《中国地震》2018,34(2):207-218

根据川滇地区已有的地震各向异性研究结果,利用体波、面波资料的结果,分析川滇地区不同构造尺度、不同深度的地震各向异性特征。对比不同方法研究川滇地区介质各向异性的特点,探讨了该地区的介质连续性及壳幔耦合状态。分析认为,地壳上地幔各向异性的差异表明,川滇地区具有复杂的地壳及上地幔形变机制。因此,对于川滇地区壳幔地震各向异性的深入理解,需在理论上和高密度数据资料基础上加强量化分析和综合研究。  相似文献   

新疆塔什库尔干M_S 5.5地震前兆异常分析     

艾萨&#  伊斯马伊力  高丽娟 《地震地磁观测与研究》2018,39(5):81-86

利用地震地磁分析方法及形态分析方法,分析2017年5月11日新疆塔什库尔干M_S 5.5地震前兆资料异常特征。结果表明：喀什地磁和伽师55井深层水温均出现明显的短期异常变化,主要表现为：①喀什地磁垂直分量逐日比、加卸载响应比均出现超限的高值异常;②中国大陆地磁台站在此次塔什库尔干M_S 5.5地震前出现低点位移突变分界线;③伽师55井深层水温出现弯曲型低值异常。  相似文献   

国家地震应急救援物资综合管理平台建设   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蔺冲  李盛乐  李志雄  李立  高博伟  丁璐 《地震地磁观测与研究》2018,39(2):186-196

针对目前中国地震应急救援物资管理中办法互有差异、系统各有不同,信息化和标准化程度较低,难以统计物资储备的现状,且不易在震后应急救援中对物资进行快速合理地调度等问题,提出数据资源化、业务标准化和服务智能化的解决方案,以此研究并建设面向全国各地震应急救援物资管理单位,统一化的服务于地震应急救援保障与决策的物资信息综合管理平台。该平台已在中国地震应急搜救中心上线,运行结果表明,有效提升了地震应急救援物资综合管理、使用和分析的水平,可解决目前存在的问题,对地震应急救援保障与决策具有重要意义。关键词地震应急;应急救援物资;管理平台  相似文献   

弹性波CT技术在大足石刻岩体破碎带探测中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

孔得天  李高  郑旭辉  石金山 《CT理论与应用研究》2018,27(1):35-44

大足石刻是中国现存的重要石质文物之一,具有重要的历史和文化价值,其中有的石刻造像曾被列为国家石质文物保护“一号工程”;最近,文物保护部门又启动了对危岩体的加固和防渗工程。为确定大足石刻宝顶山大佛湾岩体中破碎带发育情况,应用跨孔弹性波CT技术对指定位置的工程岩体进行了探测。CT探测得到的岩体弹性波速成像清楚地揭示了两个钻孔之间岩体中破碎带的规模和产状,与岩体所在的区域地质构造应力场作用协调一致,证明了探测成像结果的可靠性,为大佛湾岩体的渗流和稳定性评估提供了依据。   相似文献   

Three-dimensional analysis of ozone and PM<Subscript>2.5</Subscript> distributions obtained by observations of tethered balloon and unmanned aerial vehicle in Shanghai,China     

Xiao-Bing?Li  Dongfang?Wang  Qing-Chang?Lu  Zhong-Ren?PengEmail author  Qingyan?Fu  Xiao-Ming?Hu  Juntao?Huo  Guangli?Xiu  Bai?Li  Chao?Li  Dong-Sheng?Wang  Hanyu?Wang 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2018,32(5):1189-1203

A lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a tethered balloon platform were jointly used to investigate three-dimensional distributions of ozone and PM_2.5 concentrations within the lower troposphere (1000 m) at a localized coastal area in Shanghai, China. Eight tethered balloon soundings and three UAV flights were conducted on May 25, 2016. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to quantitatively describe the relationships between air pollutants and other obtained parameters. Field observations showed that large variations were captured both in the vertical and horizontal distributions of ozone and PM_2.5 concentrations. Significant stratified layers of ozone and PM_2.5 concentrations as well as wind directions were observed throughout the day. Estimated bulk Richardson numbers indicate that the vertical mixing of air masses within the lower troposphere were heavily suppressed throughout the day, leading to much higher concentrations of ozone and PM_2.5 in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The NO and NO₂ concentrations in the experimental field were much lower than that in the urban area of Shanghai and demonstrated totally different vertical distribution patterns from that of ozone and PM_2.5. This indicates that aged air masses of different sources were transported to the experimental field at different heights. Results derived from the GAMs showed that the aggregate impact of the selected variables for the vertical variations can explain 94.3% of the variance in ozone and 94.5% in PM_2.5. Air temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure had the strongest effects on the variations of ozone and PM_2.5. As for the horizontal variations, the GAMs can explain 56.3% of the variance in ozone and 57.6% in PM_2.5. The strongest effect on ozone was related to air temperature, while PM_2.5 was related to relative humidity. The output of GAMs also implied that fine aerosol particles were in the stage of growth in the experimental field, which is different from ozone (aged air parcels of ozone). Geographical parameters influenced the horizontal variations of ozone and PM_2.5 concentrations by changing underlying surface types. The differences of thermodynamic properties between land and sea resulted in quick changes of PBL height, air temperature and dew point over the coastal area, which was linked to the extent of vertical mixing at different locations. The results of GAMs can be used to analyze the sources and formation mechanisms of ozone and PM_2.5 pollutions at a localized area.  相似文献   

Numerical study on transient harbor oscillations induced by successive solitary waves   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Junliang Gao  Chunyan Ji  Yingyi Liu  Xiaojian Ma  Oleg Gaidai 《Ocean Dynamics》2018,68(2):193-209

Tsunamis are traveling waves which are characterized by long wavelengths and large amplitudes close to the shore. Due to the transformation of tsunamis, undular bores have been frequently observed in the coastal zone and can be viewed as a sequence of solitary waves with different wave heights and different separation distances among them. In this article, transient harbor oscillations induced by incident successive solitary waves are first investigated. The transient oscillations are simulated by a fully nonlinear Boussinesq model, FUNWAVE-TVD. The incident successive solitary waves include double solitary waves and triple solitary waves. This paper mainly focuses on the effects of different waveform parameters of the incident successive solitary waves on the relative wave energy distribution inside the harbor. These wave parameters include the incident wave height, the relative separation distance between adjacent crests, and the number of elementary solitary waves in the incident wave train. The relative separation distance between adjacent crests is defined as the ratio of the distance between adjacent crests in the incident wave train to the effective wavelength of the single solitary wave. Maximum oscillations inside the harbor excited by various incident waves are also discussed. For comparison, the transient oscillation excited by the single solitary wave is also considered. The harbor used in this paper is assumed to be long and narrow and has constant depth; the free surface movement inside the harbor is essentially one-dimensional. This study reveals that, for the given harbor and for the variation ranges of all the waveform parameters of the incident successive solitary waves studied in this paper, the larger incident wave heights and the smaller number of elementary solitary waves in the incident tsunami lead to a more uniform relative wave energy distribution inside the harbor. For the successive solitary waves, the larger relative separation distance between adjacent crests can cause more obvious fluctuations of the relative wave energy distribution over different resonant modes. When the wave height of the elementary solitary wave in the successive solitary waves equals to that of the single solitary wave and the relative separation distance between adjacent crests is equal to or greater than 0.6, the maximum oscillation inside the harbor induced by the successive solitary waves is almost identical to that excited by the single solitary wave.  相似文献