Exploring composition and behaviour of fish fauna by in situ observations in the Bari Canyon (Southern Adriatic Sea,Central Mediterranean)          下载免费PDF全文

Gianfranco D'Onghia  Francesca Capezzuto  Angela Carluccio  Roberto Carlucci  Agnese Giove  Francesco Mastrototaro  Michele Panza  Letizia Sion  Angelo Tursi  Porzia Maiorano 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):541-556

Canyons play a fundamental role in enhancing the abundance and diversity of marine organisms through the transport of organic matter and food resources, the presence of complex physical habitats and the absence of trawl fishing. During four baited lander deployments carried out in the Bari Canyon (Southern Adriatic Sea, Central Mediterranean), at depths of 443–788 m, about 43 h of video records were taken, for a total of 619,200 video frames. A total of 12 benthopelagic fish species (five chondrichthyes and seven osteichthyes) were identified. The blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) was the most often observed fish species. The depth of 787 m represents a new depth record for this fish in the Adriatic Sea. Groups of up to 40 individuals of P. bogaraveo were attracted to the bait and were shown in single frames. The individuals were observed both exploring the area and feeding actively on the bait. The European conger (Conger conger) was recorded at each deployment. Clear scavenger behaviour was also observed in this teleost fish and in the shark Etmopterus spinax. The shark species Centrophorus granulosus and Hexanchus griseus, which are considered ‘vulnerable’ on the published IUCN Mediterranean Regional Red List, were also recorded but, although attracted by the bait, they were never seen feeding on it. Other fish species, harvested on fishing grounds, such as Merluccius merluccius, Helicolenus dactylopterus and Polyprion americanus, were also recorded. This study represents the first in situ documentation, at very low impact, of the fish fauna in the Bari Canyon, providing new insights into its small scale distribution and behaviour, the first in situ direct observation of the variable feeding behaviour of P. bogaraveo and its gregarious habits, as well as indicating that this canyon could act as a refuge area for species that are vulnerable to fishing on the open slope.  相似文献   

A facies of Kophobelemnon (Cnidaria,Octocorallia) from Santa Maria di Leuca coral province (Mediterranean Sea)     

Francesco Mastrototaro  Porzia Maiorano  Agostina Vertino  Daniela Battista  Antonella Indennidate  Alessandra Savini  Angelo Tursi  Gianfranco D'Onghia 《Marine Ecology》2013,34(3):313-320

During a research cruise carried out in April 2010, aimed at updating the knowledge on the biodiversity of the Santa Maria di Leuca (SML) cold‐water coral province (Mediterranean Sea), a facies of the sea pen Kophobelemnon stelliferum (Muller, 1776) was found on mud‐dominated bottoms. This finding represents a new species and a new habitat record from the SML coral province as well as a new bathyal facies in the whole Central Mediterranean Sea. The colonies were collected using an epi‐benthic sledge, at depths between 400 and 470 m. A significant positive relationship between polyp number and colony length was detected. Density of the colonies ranged from 0.003 to 0.038 N·m^?2. Differences and affinities between Mediterranean and Atlantic occurrences of K. stelliferum are discussed.  相似文献   

Vesta's mineralogical composition as revealed by the visible and infrared spectrometer on Dawn     

M. Cristina De Sanctis  Eleonora Ammannito  M. Teresa Capria  Fabrizio Capaccioni  Jean‐Philippe Combe  Alessandro Frigeri  Andrea Longobardo  Gianfranco Magni  Simone Marchi  Tom B. McCord  Ernesto Palomba  Federico Tosi  Francesca Zambon  Francesco Carraro  Sergio Fonte  Y. J. Li  Lucy A. McFadden  David W. Mittlefehldt  Carle M. Pieters  Ralf Jaumann  Katrin Stephan  Carol A. Raymond  Christopher T. Russell 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2013,48(11):2166-2184

The Dawn spacecraft mission has provided extensive new and detailed data on Vesta that confirm and strengthen the Vesta–howardite–eucrite–diogenite (HED) meteorite link and the concept that Vesta is differentiated, as derived from earlier telescopic observations. Here, we present results derived by newly calibrated spectra of Vesta. The comparison between data from the Dawn imaging spectrometer—VIR—and the different class of HED meteorites shows that average spectrum of Vesta resembles howardite spectra. Nevertheless, the Vesta spectra at high spatial resolution reveal variations in the distribution of HED‐like mineralogies on the asteroid. The data have been used to derive HED distribution on Vesta, reported in Ammannito et al. (2013), and to compute the average Vestan spectra of the different HED lithologies, reported here. The spectra indicate that, not only are all the different HED lithologies present on Vesta, but also carbonaceous chondritic material, which constitutes the most abundant inclusion type found in howardites, is widespread. However, the hydration feature used to identify carbonaceous chondrite material varies significantly on Vesta, revealing different band shapes. The characteristic of these hydration features cannot be explained solely by infalling of carbonaceous chondrite meteorites and other possible origins must be considered. The relative proportion of HEDs on Vesta's surface is computed, and results show that most of the vestan surface is compatible with eucrite‐rich howardites and/or cumulate or polymict eucrites. A very small percentage of surface is covered by diogenite, and basaltic eucrite terrains are relatively few compared with the abundance of basaltic eucrites in the HED suite. The largest abundance of diogenitic material is found in the Rheasilvia region, a deep basin, where it clearly occurs below a basaltic upper crust. However, diogenite is also found elsewhere; although the depth to diogenite is consistent with one magma ocean model, its lateral extent is not well constrained.  相似文献   

Observational Tests of the Galaxy Formation Process     

Gianfranco De Zotti  Gian Luigi Granato  Laura Silva  Luigi Danese 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2004,294(1-2):3-8

The mutual feedback between star formation and nuclear activity in large spheroidal galaxies may be a key ingredient to overcome several difficulties plaguing current semi-analytic models for galaxy formation. We discuss some observational implications of the model by Granato et al. for the co-evolution of galaxies and active nuclei at their centers and stress the potential of the forthcoming surveys of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect on arcminute scales, down to μK levels, to investigate the early galaxy-formation phases, difficult to access by other means.  相似文献   

Monte Ollasteddu, a new gold discovery in the Variscan basement of Sardinia (Italy): first isotopic (40Ar−39Ar, Pb) and fluid inclusion data     

Andrea Dini  Gianfranco Di Vincenzo  Giovanni Ruggieri  Jeffrey Rayner  Pierfranco Lattanzi 《Mineralium Deposita》2005,40(3):337-346

The Monte Ollasteddu deposit represents a major gold discovery in the Variscan basement of southeastern Sardinia. Gold occurs in late-Variscan extensional brittle structures hosted by meta-volcanic, and subordinately meta-sedimentary, rocks. The vein mineralogy is dominated by quartz; arsenopyrite is the main sulphide. Reconnaissance ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar dating gives ages around ∼260 Ma on K-feldspar from mineralized veins, whereas metamorphic white mica from the host rock gives ages clustering at ∼307 Ma. The best age estimate for biotite from a nearby leucogranite body is 286.3±2.2 Ma. The Pb isotope signature of ore and gangue minerals is entirely consistent with literature data for Variscan deposits of Sardinia, and for European Variscan gold deposits. Fluid inclusion data point to the presence of both CO₂-bearing and CO₂-free fluids, with homogenization temperatures ranging from 220 to 415°C, with low-to-moderate salinities (0.4–6.2 wt% NaCl equivalent). Monte Ollasteddu shows several features similar to European Variscan gold deposits; however, the age of mineralization might post-date granitoid intrusion by as much as 30 Ma, being instead coeval with very late calc-alkaline basaltic dykes, marking the transition to a post-orogenic, pre-Tethyan geodynamic setting. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at  相似文献   

The mechanics of mudslides as a cyclic undrained–drained process     

Luca Comegna  Luciano Picarelli  Gianfranco Urciuoli 《Landslides》2007,4(3):217-232

Data collected by monitoring suggest that the movement of mudslides essentially develops through alternating stages of undrained–drained deformation. Undrained conditions are established as a consequence of landslide mobilisation or reactivation. Every acceleration phase is followed by progressive deceleration associated with dissipation of excess pore pressure. This paper reports the results of some simple numerical analyses performed to investigate the role of pore pressure on mudslide behaviour.  相似文献   

The effects of L’Aquila earthquake on the St. Gemma church in Goriano Sicoli: part I—damage survey and kinematic analysis     

Emanuela Criber  Giuseppe Brando  Gianfranco De Matteis 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2015,13(12):3713-3732

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40Ar–39Ar dating of volcanogenic products from the AND-2A core (ANDRILL Southern McMurdo Sound Project, Antarctica): correlations with the Erebus Volcanic Province and implications for the age model of the core     

Gianfranco Di Vincenzo  Laura Bracciali  Paola Del Carlo  Kurt Panter  Sergio Rocchi 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2010,72(4):487-505

The AND-2A drillcore (Antarctic Drilling Program—ANDRILL) was successfully completed in late 2007 on the Antarctic continental margin (Southern McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea) with the aim of tracking ice proximal to shallow marine environmental fluctuations and to document the 20-Ma evolution of the Erebus Volcanic Province. Lava clasts and tephra layers from the AND-2A drillcore were investigated from a petrographic and stratigraphic point of view and analyzed by the ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar laser technique in order to constrain the age model of the core and to gain information on the style and nature of sediment deposition in the Victoria Land Basin since Early Miocene. Ten out of 17 samples yielded statistically robust ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar ages, indicating that the AND-2A drillcore recovered ≤230 m of Middle Miocene (∼128–358 m below sea floor, ∼11.5–16.0 Ma) and >780 m of Early Miocene (∼358–1093 m below sea floor, ∼16.0–20.1 Ma). Results also highlight a nearly continuous stratigraphic record from at least 358 m below sea floor down hole, characterized by a mean sedimentation rate of ∼19 cm/ka, possible oscillations of no more than a few hundreds of ka and a break within ∼17.5–18.1 Ma. Comparison with available data from volcanic deposits on land, suggests that volcanic rocks within the AND-2A core were supplied from the south, possibly with source areas closer to the drill site for the upper core levels, and from 358 m below sea floor down hole, with the “proto-Mount Morning” as the main source.  相似文献   

Empirical fragility and vulnerability curves for buildings exposed to slow-moving landslides at medium and large scales   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dario Peduto  Settimio Ferlisi  Gianfranco Nicodemo  Diego Reale  Giovanni Pisciotta  Giovanni Gullà 《Landslides》2017,14(6):1993-2007

Slow-moving landslides yearly induce huge economic losses worldwide in terms of damage to facilities and interruption of human activities. Within the landslide risk management framework, the consequence analysis is a key step entailing procedures mainly based on identifying and quantifying the exposed elements, defining an intensity criterion and assessing the expected losses. This paper presents a two-scale (medium and large) procedure for vulnerability assessment of buildings located in areas affected by slow-moving landslides. Their intensity derives from Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) satellite data analysis, which in the last decade proved to be capable of providing cost-effective long-term displacement archives. The analyses carried out on two study areas of southern Italy (one per each of the addressed scales) lead to the generation, as an absolute novelty, of both empirical fragility and vulnerability curves for buildings in slow-moving landslide-affected areas. These curves, once further validated, can be valuably used as tools for consequence forecasting purposes and, more in general, for planning the most suitable slow-moving landslide risk mitigation strategies.  相似文献   

Direct and indirect methods to simulate the actual evapotranspiration of an irrigated overhead table grape vineyard under Mediterranean conditions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gianfranco Rana  Nader Katerji 《水文研究》2008,22(2):181-188

Two methods, indirect and direct, for simulating the actual evapotranspiration (E) were applied to an irrigated overhead table grape vineyard during summer, situated in the Mediterranean region (south Italy), over two successive years. The first method, indirect but more practical, uses the crop coefficient (K_c) approach and requires determination of the reference evapotranspiration E₀ (FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) method). This method underestimated on average by 17% the daily values of the actual evapotranspiration E. The analysis in this paper shows that the values of K_c for the table grapes determined by the FAO method seem to not be valid in our experimental conditions. Similar conclusions can be found in the literature for the table grape cultivated under different experimental conditions and using different training systems. The second method, is a direct method for estimating the evapotranspiration. It requires development of a model for the overhead table grape vineyard E, following the Penman–Monteith one‐step approach, and using standard meteorological variables as inputs for the determination of the canopy resistance. This method, which needs a particularly simple calibration, provided a better simulation of the hourly and daily evapotranspiration than the indirect method. In additon, the standard error of the daily values for the direct method ( ± 0 · 41 mm) was about 50% lower than that obtained for the indirect method, also when the indirect method used a locally calibrated coefficient K_c instead of a generic K_c. Both, for practical application and theoretical issues, the advantages and disadvantages linked to the use of each tested method are discussed in detail. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献