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71.
72.
Giulia Schettino Daniele Serra Giacomo Tommei Andrea Milani 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2018,130(11):72
The Mercury Orbiter Radio science Experiment (MORE) is one of the experiments on-board the ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission to Mercury, to be launched in October 2018. Thanks to full on-board and on-ground instrumentation performing very precise tracking from the Earth, MORE will have the chance to determine with very high accuracy the Mercury-centric orbit of the spacecraft and the heliocentric orbit of Mercury. This will allow to undertake an accurate test of relativistic theories of gravitation (relativity experiment), which consists in improving the knowledge of some post-Newtonian and related parameters, whose value is predicted by General Relativity. This paper focuses on two critical aspects of the BepiColombo relativity experiment. First of all, we address the delicate issue of determining the orbits of Mercury and the Earth–Moon barycenter at the level of accuracy required by the purposes of the experiment and we discuss a strategy to cure the rank deficiencies that appear in the problem. Secondly, we introduce and discuss the role of the Solar Lense–Thirring effect in the Mercury orbit determination problem and in the relativistic parameters estimation. 相似文献
73.
Daniele Penna Giulia Zuecco Stefano Crema Sebastiano Trevisani Marco Cavalli Luisa Pianezzola Lorenzo Marchi Marco Borga 《水文研究》2017,31(4):768-782
In this study, we investigate the surface flow time of rise in response to rainfall and snowmelt events at different spatial scales and the main sources originating channel runoff and spring water in a steep nested headwater catchment (Rio Vauz, Italian Dolomites), characterized by a marked elevation gradient. We monitored precipitation at different elevations and measured water stage/streamflow at the outlet of two rocky subcatchments of the same size, representative of the upper part of the catchment dominated by outcropping bedrock, at the outlet of a soil‐mantled and vegetated subcatchment of similar size but different morphology, and at the outlet of the main catchment. Hydrometric data are coupled with stable isotopes and electrical conductivity sampled from different water sources during five years, and used as tracers in end‐member mixing analysis, application of two component mixing models and analysis of the slope of the dual‐isotope regression line. Results reveal that times of rise are slightly shorter for the two rocky subcatchments, particularly for snowmelt and mixed rainfall/snowmelt events, compared to the soil‐mantled catchment and the entire Rio Vauz Catchment. The highly‐variable tracer signature of the different water sources reflects the geomorphological and geological complexity of the study area. The principal end‐members for channel runoff and spring water are identified in rainfall and snowmelt, which are the dominant water sources in the rocky upper part of the study catchment, and soil water and shallow groundwater, which play a relevant role in originating baseflow and spring water in the soil‐mantled and vegetated lower part of the catchment. Particularly, snowmelt contributes up to 64 ± 8% to spring water in the concave upper parts of the catchment and up to 62 ± 11% to channel runoff in the lower part of the catchment. These results offer new experimental evidences on how Dolomitic catchments capture and store rain water and meltwater, releasing it through a complex network of surface and subsurface flow pathways, and allow for the construction of a preliminary conceptual model on water transmission in snowmelt‐dominated catchments featuring marked elevation gradients. 相似文献
74.
75.
Mancini Giulia Briganti Riccardo McCall Robert Dodd Nicholas Zhu Fangfang 《Ocean Dynamics》2021,71(1):1-20
Ocean Dynamics - The mutual feedback between the swash zone and the surf zone is known to affect large-scale morphodynamic processes such as breaker bar migration on sandy beaches. To fully resolve... 相似文献
76.
We develop a new thermodynamic approach to the problem of the last stages of star formation, when a collapsing fragment evolves adiabatically into its final state: single protostar, surrounded or not by protoplanetary disc, or binary system. In this context, we point out the crucial role of the angular momentum transfer: a very efficient mechanism tends to form double stars with small mass secondaries, while a total decoupling yields twin binaries. Intermediate assumptions allow the birth of both kinds of binary systems, as well as the formation of not very massive protoplanetary discs. Discs of larger mass, which would be required to produce protoplanetary systems as a consequence of dynamical instabilities, do not form under any circumstances. A representation of the outcomes as functions of the corresponding initial conditions on the usual – plane gives well definite regions for single stars, protoplanetary discs, unbalanced systems and twin binaries. On this ground, a preliminary estimate of the percentage of stars surrounded by planetary systems is possible. A particular numerical simulation confirms the bimodality of the mass ratio distribution as well as the main features of the – plane partition. A few suggestions about non-adiabatic effects are also given. Our thermodynamic approach, supported by the numerical one and by the analysis of the observational statistics, allow to define a first unitary sketch for the formation of binary systems and protoplanetary discs. 相似文献
77.
Prof. Dr. G. Rivalenti Dr. M. Mazzucchelli Dr. M. Molesini Dr. R. Petrini Dr. V. A. V. Girardi Dr. J. Bossi Dr. N. Campal 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1995,55(4):239-263
Summary Tholeiitic basaltic and basaltic andesite dikes of Brasiliano (or PanAfrican) age ( 600 Ma) intrude the basement of the Nico Perez region, Uruguay. Major and trace element geochemistry of the basalts indicates that they suffered fractionation in shallow magma chambers. The variation in element ratios, which remain virtually unchanged during fractionation (K/Rb, Rb/Ba, Ba/Nb, La/Nb, Zr/Nb and Ti/Zr), indicate that the dikes are not strictly comagmatic. However, they have certain features in common: LILE and LREE enrichment with respect to HFSE and HREE; high Rb/Ba (> 0.9) and Rb/Sr (> 0.08); low K/Rb (< 214); negative Nb and Ti anomalies (La
n
/Nb
n
> 2; Ba/Nb > 22 Ti/Zr < 60).87Sr/86Sr and143Nd/144Nd at 665 Ma are in the range 0.7052 – 0.7119 and 0.51158 – 0.51177, respectively.The lack of correlations between isotope and trace element variations indicate that these characteristics are not controlled by crustal contamination of the melts. They are interpreted as being due to the melting of an enriched mantle (C1) under the influence of a fluid-rich component (C2) which stabilized a Nb-retaining titanate phase in the residuum. Although this process may be related to a subduction environment, it is also possible that it occurred in an ensialic region by the interaction of deep mantle fluids with the lithospheric continental mantle.The parent mantle underlying the early Proterozoic (1.8 Ga) Florida region had isotope and geochemical characteristics which could evolve to the values observed in the adjacent Nico Perez region. It is therefore proposed that mantle enrichment took place in the early Proterozoic and that this mantle melted under the influence of fluids in the late Proterozoic to derive the Nico Perez dikes.
Petrologie von spätproterozoischen, mafischen Gängen in der Nico Perez-Region, Zentral Uruguay
Zusammenfassung In das Grundgebirge der Nico Perez-Region, Uruguay, intrudierten tholeiitische und basaltandesitische Gange panafrikanischen (Brasiliano) Alters ( 600 Ma). Die Hauptund Spurenelementgeochemie der Basalte zeigt eine Fraktionierung in seichten Magmakammern an. Die Streuung jener Elementverhältnisse, die während der Fraktionierung scheinbar unverändert bleiben (K/Rb, Rb/Ba, Ba/Nb, La/Nb, Zr/Nb und Ti/Zr), weist darauf hin, daß die Gänge nicht streng komagmatisch sind. Sie haben aber dennoch bestimmte Merkmale gemeinsam: Anreicherung von LILE und LREE in Bezug auf HFSE and HREE; hohes Rb/Ba (> 0, 9) and Rb/Sr (> 0, 08); niedriges K/Rb (< 214); negative Anornalien bei Nb and Ti (La n /Nb n > 2; Ba/Nb > 22, Ti/Zr < 60). Bei 665 Ma liegen87Sr/86Sr und143Nd/144Nd im Bereich von 0, 7052 bis 0, 7119 beziehungsweise von 0,51158 bis 0,51177.Fehlende Korrelationen zwischen Isotopen- und Spurenelement-Streuungen zeigen, daß these Eigenschaften nicht durch Kontamination der Schmelzen mit Krustenmaterial kontrolliert werden. Sie werden mit der Aufschmelzung von angereichertem Mantel (C1) unter dem Einfluß einer Fluid-reichen Komponente (C2) erklärt. Diese Komponente stabilisierte eine Titanat-Phase im Residuum, die Nb zurückhielt. Obwohl dieser Prozeß einem Subduktions-Milieu zugeordnet werden kann, ist es auch möglich, daß er in einem intrakontinentalen Bereich durch Wechselwirkung von Fluiden aus dem tiefen Mantel mit dem kontinentalen Lithosphärenmantel stattfand.Der Ausgangsmantel, der die frühproterbzoische (1, 8 Ga) Florida-Region unterlagert, weist isotopische and geochemische Merkmale auf, aus denen sich die in der benachbarten Nico Perez-Region beobachteten Werte entwickelt haben könnten. Daher wird angenommen, daß die Anreicherung im Mantel im frühen Proterozoikum stattfand und daß dieser Mantel unter tern Einfluß von Fluiden im späten Proterozoikum Schmelzen bildete, von denen die Gange von Nico Perez abgeleitet werden können.相似文献
78.
Marine protected areas (MPAs) represent a potentially useful management tool to preserve biodiversity. Protection effectiveness was investigated at Tavolara-Capo Coda Cavallo MPA by comparing assemblages of rocky shores at a location 'A' level of protection (island), with those at two locations at 'B' level of protection (one on an island and one on the mainland coast) and two at 'C' level of protection (one on an island and one on the mainland coast). Results did not indicate significant differences in structure of intertidal assemblages among locations under different levels of protection ('A', 'B' and 'C'). Protection was not found to be a significant source of variation to low-shore assemblages investigated. In contrast, assemblages seemed to be more dependent on the geographical location within the MPA. Results have important implications for conservation of marine coastal assemblages and would indicate that inclusion of representative assemblages within systems of marine protected areas should target rocky shores both on the mainland and on islands. 相似文献
79.
Massimiliano Ghinassi Andrè C. Colonese Zelia Di Giuseppe Lisa Govoni Domenico Lo Vetro Giulia Malavasi Fabio Martini Silvia Ricciardi Benedetto Sala 《第四纪科学杂志》2009,24(4):383-398
Clastic sediments deposited in caves and rock shelters bear peculiar sedimentological characteristics and have seldom been considered as a high‐resolution proxy record of climatic or environmental changes. The Romito Cave has its entrance at 275 m above sea level, about 25 km from the Tyrrhenian coast of Calabria, southern Italy. New archaeological excavation performed since 2000 has revealed a sedimentary succession spanning the record of Gravettian to Late Epigravettian cultures (Late Pleistocene). The present study focuses on the lower part (2.5 m thick) of the succession, where three main unconformity‐bounded stratigraphic units have been recognised (labelled RM1–3). Each unit consists of water‐lain deposits indicating high‐ to low‐competence flow, capped with anthropogenic deposits. The gradual deactivation and reactivation of the water drainage between 23 475 ± 190 and 16 250 ± 500 cal. a BP is correlated with regional precipitation changes due to the onset of dry climatic conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum. However, the deactivation of cave drainage after the deposition of unit RM3, around 15 400 ± 500 cal. a BP, deviates from the regional hydrological trend of progressively increasing water discharges and is attributed to the drainage cut‐off by probable cave wall collapses. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
80.
Veronica Rossi Giulia Barbieri Stefano Claudio Vaiani Marco Cacciari Luigi Bruno Bruno Campo Marco Marchesini Silvia Marvelli Alessandro Amorosi 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(6):961-979
Framed into a robust stratigraphic context, multivariate analyses on the Holocene palaeobiological record (pollen, benthic foraminifers, ostracods) of the Po coastal plain (NE Italy) allowed the investigation of microtidal ecosystems variability and driving parameters along a 35-km-long land–sea transect. Millennial-scale ecosystem shifts are documented by coeval changes in the meiofauna, reflecting variations in organic matter–water depth (shallow-marine environments) and degree of confinement-salinity (back-barrier settings). In-phase shifts of vegetation communities track unsteady water-table levels and river dynamics in freshwater palustrine areas. Five environmental–ecological stages followed one another crossing four tipping points that mark changes in relative sea level (RSL), climate and/or fluvial regime. At the culmination of Mediterranean RSL rise, after the 8200 event, remarkable growth of peatlands took place in the Po estuary, while low accumulation rates typified the shelf. At the transgressive–regressive turnaround (~7000 cal a bp ), the estuary turned into a delta plain with tidally influenced interdistributary embayments. River flow regime oscillations after the Climate Optimum (post-5000 cal a bp ) favoured isolation of the bays and the development of brackish wetlands surrounded by wooded peatlands. The youngest threshold (~800 cal a bp ), which led to the establishment of the modern delta, reflects a major avulsion of the Po River. 相似文献