印尼苏门答腊8.7级大震对中国陆区的影响   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16  

张国民  张晓东  刘杰  刘耀炜  田勤俭  郝平  马宏生  焦明若 《地震》2005,25(4):15-25

发生在2004年12月26日的印尼苏门答腊8．7级地震，是全球有地震台网以来100多年中记录到的少数几次特大地震之一。初步汇集了在中国陆区观测到的地震活动、地壳形变、地下流体等多学科震时和震后效应的异常变化，包括地震活动性（特别是云南地区）的显著增强；地壳形变观测，尤其是钻孔应变观测记录到地壳应力-应变的震时和震后显著变化，以及地下水温度、化学成分、特别是水位的突出变化。同时，还从库仑破裂应力触发、动态应力触发以及下地壳和上地幔流动变形机制等方面，对这些大震效应作了一些成因机理讨论。  相似文献   

安徽地区地震波衰减、场地响应及震源新参数的测定   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

沈小七  刘杰  陈宇卫  刘东旺  黄显良  王行舟 《地震地磁观测与研究》2005,26(3):1-10

根据安徽数字地震台网7个地震台的143条波形资料,研究了安徽地区的衰减模型和各台站的场地响应。采用三段几何衰减模型拟合,得到了安徽及邻近地区的几何衰减函数,得到安徽地区非弹性衰减Q值随频率f的关系为Q(f)=235.3×f0.616;7个台站的场地响应均无明显的放大效应,这与它们均处于岩石地基相符;并在本地区地震预测研究中尝试使用新参数,进行了初步的应用。  相似文献   

Mapgis SCS G2000在1∶1万数字化制图中的应用     

刘玉刚  娄杰  张君  于峰  赵洪满 《吉林地质》2005,24(3):88-91

本文介绍了M apg is、SCS G 2000软件在1∶1万比例尺地形图生产中的特点及利用软件的各自优点进行数字化的过程。  相似文献   

物元可拓法在地下水水质评价中的应用   总被引：31，自引：1，他引：31  

汤洁  李艳梅  卞建民  薛晓丹 《水文地质工程地质》2005,32(5):1-5

可以从定性、定量两个角度解决问题的物元可拓法已被广泛应用于各个领域,本文对物元可拓法进行了改进,并应用于地下水水质评价,同时采用模糊综合评判方法进行了验证。Piper-三线图显示,研究区地下水主要为HCO3—Na和HCO3—Ca·Na型水,水质本底条件较好。水质评价结果表明,上第三系馆陶组地下水水质显著优于明化镇组,1984~1999年间明化镇组和馆陶组的地下水水质均有变坏趋势,前者趋势较为明显。物元可拓法采用综合关联度与可拓指数判断地下水水质级别,不仅能反映其相对性,也能反映绝对性,可延拓连续的特点使其更有说服力。  相似文献   

青藏高原北缘哈拉湖近800年来 湖泊沉积及其环境意义^*   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：5  

曹洁  张家武  张成君  陈发虎 《第四纪研究》2007,27(1):100-107

文章以青藏高原北缘高山祁连山湖泊——哈拉湖作为研究对象,利用放射性核素²¹⁰ Pb和¹³⁷ Cs测年资料,通过对此高海拔湖泊沉积碳酸盐氧碳同位素、碳酸盐含量、总有机碳含量、磁化率等环境代用指标的分析,揭示了这一地区近800年来的气候环境变化过程。分析表明哈拉湖记录的气候环境变化经历了3个阶段:1206~1700A.D.环境较为寒冷、湿润,并有持续变湿的趋势;1700~1920A.D.环境由冷湿的状况趋向温暖干旱,1771年之后,环境保持相对稳定;1920~2002A.D.是自1206年以来最为温暖干旱的阶段。  相似文献   

The Third Editorial Committee of Earth Science Frontiers A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO OVERSEA MEMBERS OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD     

郭安林张国伟  孙延贵程顺有 《地学前缘》2007,14(3):83-83

位于青藏高原东北缘的多福屯第三纪火山岩，为钠质基性火山岩系。该火山岩（La／Yb）N值在6—11，∑REE平均为117，样品普遍具有不相容元素富集、Pb亏损以及弱的Nb、Ta正异常，Nb／U和Ce／Pb平均值分别为30和17；样品的87^Sr／^86Sr值为0．7041～O．7069，Nd初始值为0．5129（εNd（t）=6），△^207Pb／^240Pb和△^208Pb／^204Pb分别在11～19和73-84之间，结合高的Sr初始值，表现了特征的Dupal（高放射成因铅）异常。地球化学特征表明，该火山岩属于似OIB性质的陆内火山岩，源区具有DM与EMⅡ混合特点。个别岩石表现出明显陆壳混染的迹象。火山岩源区特征反映了OIB类岩石的复杂性，可能由区域原、古特提斯地幔继承而来，因而是原地的和固有的，并非与青藏高原物质向东挤出有关。通过与邻区同时代火山岩的对比推断，整个高原东北缘新生代火山岩幔源区具有小尺度的不均一性。高原东北缘新生代火山岩的发育可能与较大规模的贺兰-川滇南北复合构造有关。  相似文献   

Farmers＇ vulnerability to flood risk： A case study in the Poyang Lake Region   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

MA Dingguo CHEN Jie ZHANG Wenjiang ZHENG Lin LIU Ying 《地理学报(英文版)》2007,17(3):269-284

This paper quantitatively explores farmers＇ vulnerability to flood in the Poyang Lake Region （PLR） with the supports of GIS spatial functions. The analysis consists of three major steps, which is based on the spatial unit of township. Firstly, the spatial extent and characteristics of flood risk areas were determined using a digital elevation model （DEM） derived from the 1：50,000 topographic map. Secondly, for each of the township, six indices indicating the economic activities of local farmers were calculated. These indices are： rural population proportion, cultivated land proportion, GDP per unit area, employment proportion of primary industry, net rural income per capita and agricultural income proportion. These six indices were then normalized and used for later vulnerability assessment. Thirdly, the normalized indices （as GIS data layers） were overlaid with the flood risk areas to produce the risk coefficient for each township and to calculate the overall vulnerability for each township. The analysis results show that in the PLR there are high flood risk areas where the farmers＇ livings are seriously influenced or threatened. About 55.56% of the total 180 townships in the flood risk areas have a high degree of flood vulnerability. The townships under flood risk are mainly distributed in the areas around the Poyang Lake and the areas along the ＂five rivers＂.  相似文献   

城市地下水脆弱性评价方法及应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘香  王洁  邵传青  易立新 《地下水》2007,29(5):90-92

地下水脆弱性评价是合理开发利用和保护地下水的基础.以国内外广泛应用的DRASTIC模型为基础,结合我国华北平原沉降带冲洪积含水层水文地质特征,提出了一种适用于层状含水层水文地质条件的城市地下水脆弱性评价模型--DRAMIP模型,并根据廊坊市的实际状况,对廊坊市浅层地下水进行了脆弱性评价,利用GIS技术生成了廊坊市浅层地下水脆弱性分布图.  相似文献   

Vertical migration of municipal wastewater in deep injection well systems,South Florida,USA   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

Robert G. Maliva  Weixing Guo  Thomas Missimer 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(7):1387-1396

Deep well injection is widely used in South Florida, USA for wastewater disposal largely because of the presence of an injection zone (“boulder zone” of Floridan Aquifer System) that is capable of accepting very large quantities of fluids, in some wells over 75,000 m³/day. The greatest potential risk to public health associated with deep injection wells in South Florida is vertical migration of wastewater, containing pathogenic microorganisms and pollutants, into brackish-water aquifer zones that are being used for alternative water-supply projects such as aquifer storage and recovery. Upwards migration of municipal wastewater has occurred in a minority of South Florida injection systems. The results of solute-transport modeling using the SEAWAT program indicate that the measured vertical hydraulic conductivities of the rock matrix would allow for only minimal vertical migration. Fracturing at some sites increased the equivalent average vertical hydraulic conductivity of confining zone strata by approximately four orders of magnitude and allowed for vertical migration rates of up 80 m/year. Even where vertical migration was rapid, the documented transit times are likely long enough for the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms.  相似文献   

Effect of chemical fertilizers on the fractionation of Cu,Cr and Ni in contaminated soil   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jie Liu  Chang-Qun Duan  Yi-Nian Zhu  Xue-Hong Zhang  Cheng-Xian Wang 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(8):1601-1606

Effect of chemical fertilizers (urea, NH₄Cl, Ca(NO₃)₂, KCl and KH₂PO₄) on the fractionation of Cu, Cr and Ni was studied by a 4-month incubation experiment. Using sequential extraction procedure, it was found that the application of fertilizers could change the distribution of Cu, Cr and Ni in the fractions of soil. Applying urea (CO(NH₂)₂) significantly decreased the concentrations of Cu, Cr and Ni in water soluble plus exchangeable (WE) fraction, but increased those in Fe–Mn oxides bound (FM) fraction (p < 0.01). However, application of NH₄Cl caused an increase in the WE fraction by 27.7% for Cu, 111.5% for Cr and 20.4% for Ni. The CO(NH₂)₂ raised the soil pH from 4.51 to 4.96, whereas NH₄Cl lowered the pH of soil by 0.44 units. The WE fraction of the three heavy metals was significantly increased, while the FM fraction was significantly decreased by adding KCl (p < 0.01). Moreover, the supply of KH₂PO₄ reduced the WE and carbonate bound (CB) fractions of Cu, Cr and Ni in the soil, however, it raised Cu and Ni in the residual (RS) fraction and Cr in the FM fraction. In addition, the mobility index indicated that KCl and NH₄Cl increased the mobility of Cu, Cr and Ni in the soil, whereas urea and KH₂PO₄ decreased the mobility of the three metals in the soil. These results suggest that applying chemical fertilizers does not only provide plant nutrients, but may also change the speciation and mobility of heavy metals in the soil.  相似文献