全球增暖对甲烷生物圈源的影响及其气候后果          下载免费PDF全文

S.Hamee  R.D.Cess  周国华 《气象科技》1985,(6):56-60

1.引言人们认为工业活动对全球气候的影响主要是二氧化碳的温室效应。近来,已经提出在北半球观测到的可能是由于人类活动产生的较高的臭氧浓度会造成气候增温0.2 K(Fishman等,1979)。而且,在气候-化学耦合  相似文献   

茶园喷灌的小气候特征及其增益效应     

胡萌夫  邹永林  于仲吾  殷福成  史川松 《气象科学》1985,(1)

近年来,喷灌被应用于农业的许多方面,但对喷灌所形成的独特小气候研究还不多。本文依据1983年夏季宜兴县阳羡茶场茶园喷灌的试验资料,针对茶园喷灌的小气候特征及其增益效应作一讨论。  相似文献   

Temperature changes over Eurasia during the late summer of 1979     

Ding Yihui  T. Iwashim  T. Murakami 《大气科学进展》1985,2(2):200-214

During the late summer of 1979, massive changes occurred in the distribution of temperature over Eur asia north of 15oN. At 300 hPa, zonal mean temperature averaged over Eurasia along 20o－25oN de-creased sharply around 23 August. An abrupt decrease in 300 hPa zonal mean temperature also occurred over extensive mid-latitude zones (40o－55oN) around 18 August, i. e., about 5 days prior to the monsoon withdrawal over South Asia.The intensity and location of N－S oriented, vertical overturning underwent significant changes over Eurasia during the transition from summer to fall. Near 20o－25oN, zonal mean updrafts weakened con-siderably during the transition period (18－27 August). Around 45oN, zonal mean downdrafts and the asso-ciated cooling (radiative) rate increased considerably during the transition period.Near 15oN, 300 hPa zonal mean temperature fluctuated nearly periodically with an approximate 40-day period. These fluctuations appear to be associated with a small imbalance between 40-day filtered adiabatic cooling (heating) and diabatic heating (cooling).  相似文献   

A NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SOME DYNAMICAL EFFECTS ON SOUTHERN ASIATIC HIGH     

斯公望  Donald R.Johnson 《大气科学进展》1985,(2)

Using a barotropic, steady and linearised vorticity equation and using 250 hPa observed basic flow and global divergence fifeld ffrom the active summer monsoon phase (00 GMT 26 June-12 GMT 29 June) 1979, the dynamical effects of linear absolute vorticity advection, vorticity generation due to divergence and vorticity dissipation due to frictional damping have been tested to understand their influence on Southern Asiatic High (SAH). The key experimental results art: (1) The SAH, one of the maior planetary-scale disturbances, is generated from the upper basic flow by the forcing of the upper tropospheric divergence over southeast Asia during the active summer monsoon phase, (2) Linear absolute vorticity advection and frictional damping of vorticity play an important role in the determination of the location of the SAH. (3) The destruction and recovery of planetary-scale geostrophic balance is an important mechanism for the west-east oscillation of the SAH.  相似文献   

The atmospheric heat budget over the western part of the Tibetan plateau during Monex, 1979   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Feng Zhiqiang  Elmar R.Reiter  Chen Longxun 《大气科学进展》1985,2(4):455-468

The atmospheric heat source strength over western Tibet has been computed for the period beginning with the last ten days in May, 1979 and extending through August, 1979. Our results show a significantly smaller heat source than that obtained by other authors. The discrepancy is mainly due to adjustments in the dray, coefficient suggested by observations and numerical modeling experiments. We subdivided western Tibet into northern and southern parts. In the north sensible heating, SH, provides the dominant input into the atmospheric heat source, whereas in the southern part latent heat, LP, offers a significant contribution after the start of the rainy season.Detailed heat budget calculations were also carried out over limited regions of southwestern Tibet which hau good station coverage. During periods with area-averaged rainfall ≤1 mm/day an atmospheric heat source maximum was located over southwestern Tibet near the 500 hPa level, while a heat sink dominated the upper troposphere in a layer of subsidence. When rainfall exceeded 4 mm/day, ascending motions and heal sources prevailed throughout the troposphere with maxima near 400 hPa. Time series analyses of the heat sourcs components show that the total atmospheric heat source is strongly modulated by the release of latent heat. Atmospheric radiational cooling reveals a phase shift in its relation with precipitation. During the first part of the observation period a correlation of that cooling exists mainly with the net radiation at the top of the atmosphere, during the last part with the net radiation at the ground.  相似文献   

测定断层面解的地震波形反演方法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

姚振兴  D. V. Helmberger 《地震》1985,(3)

测定地震的断层面解,是地震学研究的重要任务。近年来的研究结果表明,用综合地震图模拟远场体波波形是测定地震断层面解的有效方法。远场体波地球介质响应近似地为一单位函数,因此远场体波综合地震图计算十分方便。该方法的缺点是只适用于大地震(震级M>6.5)。由于地震震源机制的影响,走滑断层的地震在远场(震中距离  相似文献   

有限单元分析中的移动边界方法          下载免费PDF全文

冯锐  E.R.Kanasewich 《地球物理学报》1985,28(1):53-63

本文就波动问题提出一种移动边界的有限单元解法。此时模型边界的位置不是固定的,它将随着波前向前推进和退回,以保证在计算时间长度内边界反射波不到达观测点。文中给出了计算边界有效载荷的递推公式,可以简便有效地避免虚假反射波的干扰。为降低运算量和虚模型中的存贮,应适当选取移动间隔,截断误差和移动起点。对于层状模型,若采用直接积分的中心差分方法,计算过程十分简单,也可用于有限差分等方法的计算中。该方法在应用上的限制是对计算机内存量的要求较通常方法为大。  相似文献   

垂直指向多卜勒雷达测量大气垂直运动和雨滴谱等物理量的方法     

汤达章  Richard E.Passarelli 《南京气象学院学报》1985,(1)

在假定雨滴谱为指数分布的基础上,本文提出用垂直指向多卜勒雷达同时测量与雨和风有关的参量的新方法,即用多卜勒谱的倾斜率M_3(也就是谱的三阶中心距)和反射因子Z估计谱参量N_0和λ、大气垂直速度、由风切变和乱流引起的多卜勒谱宽、降雨含水量M和雨强R。这方法的主要优点在于乱流和风切变对M3的影响很小。作者在理论上和用数值模拟分析讨论了这方法的原理和误差。对一实例计算表明,M_3确实是与实测多卜勒谱有关的信号。最后对文中提出的由M3选择确切的λ值的技术作了初步讨论。  相似文献   

POLARIS计划和美国国家大地测量局的其它活动     

J.D.BOSSLER  苗履丰 《测绘科学》1985,(1)

<正> 引言为了满足近代地球科学的需要,美国国家大地测量局(NGS)正在力求提高大地测量的时间和空间的分辨力。直接的目标是发展空间大地测量系统以便能够监测各种测量网的几何变形,这种网的规模可以是地区的、大陆的和全球的,这种系统的空间分辨力要达到几个厘米,时间的分辨力要优于1天。这个目标只能靠改进测量方法来完成,这些测量方法都采用了在空间探索计划推动下开发的各种先进的新技术。在考察了各种技术选择方案之后,我们  相似文献   

Wild Theomat T2000信息经纬仪的测角系统     

O.Katowski  W.Salzmann  陈明慧 《测绘科学》1985,(1)

<正> 1.前言测量人员总希望角度测量仪器不受度盘分划不可避免的剩余误差的影响。实现此目的最明显的观点认为,在每次角度测量中应计及所有的分划。这样所得平均值中就可不含任何分划误差,因为这时度盘分划误差的总和显然为零。利用几条分划线来求得一个读数,并非新鲜想法。早在17世纪,Hedraeus就第一次应用了这种方法,他在水平度盘对径位置上  相似文献