Community Recovery Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Toward a Theory of Cultural Resilience     

Hannah E. Clarke 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(2):129-144

Culture plays an important role in communities’ abilities to adapt to environmental change and crises. The emerging field of resilience thinking has made several efforts to better integrate social and cultural factors into the systems-level approach to understanding social–ecological resilience. However, attempts to integrate culture into structural models often fail to account for the agentic processes that influence recovery at the individual and community levels, overshadowing the potential for agency and variation in community response. Using empirical data on the 2010 BP oil spill’s impact on a small, natural-resource-dependent community, we propose an alternative approach emphasizing culture’s ability to operate as a resource that contributes to social, or community, resilience. We refer to this more explicit articulation of culture’s role in resilience as cultural resilience. Our findings reveal that not all cultural resources that define resilience in reference to certain disasters provided successful mitigation, adaptation, or recovery from the BP spill.  相似文献   

Geology,alteration, and lithogeochemistry of the Hood volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits,Nunavut, Canada     

Hannah K. Mills  Stephen J. Piercey  Trish Toole 《Mineralium Deposita》2016,51(4):533-556

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Sedimentological records of the C.E. 1707 Hōei Nankai Trough tsunami in the Bungo Channel,southwestern Japan     

Hannah E. Baranes  Jonathan D. Woodruff  Davin J. Wallace  Kinuyo Kanamaru  Timothy L. Cook 《Natural Hazards》2016,84(2):1185-1205

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Trans-Atlantic responses of Calanus finmarchicus populations to basin-scale forcing associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation     

C. H. Greene  A. J. Pershing  A. Conversi  B. Planque  C. Hannah  D. Sameoto  E. Head  P. C. Smith  P. C. Reid  J. Jossi  D. Mountain  M. C. Benfield  P. H. Wiebe  E. Durbin 《Progress in Oceanography》2003,58(2-4):301

Populations of the copepod species Calanus finmarchicus often dominate the springtime biomass and secondary production of shelf ecosystems throughout the North Atlantic Ocean. Recently, it has been hypothesised that interannual to interdecadal fluctuations observed in such populations are driven primarily by climate-associated changes in ocean circulation. Here, we compare evidence from the North Sea and Gulf of Maine/Western Scotian Shelf (GoM/WSS) linking fluctuations in C. finmarchicus abundance to changes in ocean circulation associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). A particularly striking contrast emerges from this Trans-Atlantic comparison: whereas the North Sea C. finmarchicus population exhibits a negative correlation with the NAO index, the GoM/WSS population exhibits a more complex, positive association with the index. The physical processes underlying these contrasting population responses are discussed in the context of regional- to basin-scale circulation changes associated with the NAO.  相似文献   

An assessment model for the fate and environmental effects of offshore drilling mud discharges   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Charles G. Hannah  Adam Drozdowski  John Loder  Kee Muschenheim  Tim Milligan 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,70(4):577

The benthic boundary layer transport (bblt) model was developed to assess potential impact zones from drilling mud discharges from offshore oil and gas drilling. The model focuses on the drift, dispersion and concentration levels of the suspended fraction of the drilling mud fines in the benthic boundary layer with the assumption of a spatially homogeneous environment. The current version of the model includes a wave boundary layer, a breakup module for drilling mud flocs, a dose–response module for scallops, and a graphical user interface (GUI). The GUI was written in Java which makes the code largely platform independent. Simulations of suspended barite concentration near Sable Island on the Scotian Shelf during drilling in the fall of 1999 reproduce the very low concentrations (generally less than 1 μg L⁻¹) observed during the Environmental Effects Monitoring program. However, the simulations also exhibited concentrations in excess of the no-effects concentration for scallops (100 μg L⁻¹) prior to the sampling program. The model estimates that the potential impact on scallops in the vicinity of the drilling is a few days of lost growth over scales of a few kilometers.  相似文献   

Potassium isotopic compositions of enstatite meteorites     

Chen Zhao  Katharina Lodders  Hannah Bloom  Heng Chen  Zhen Tian  Piers Koefoed  Mria K. Pet&#x;  Kun Wang 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2020,55(6):1404-1417

Enstatite chondrites and aubrites are meteorites that show the closest similarities to the Earth in many isotope systems that undergo mass‐independent and mass‐dependent isotopic fractionations. Due to the analytical challenges to obtain high‐precision K isotopic compositions in the past, potential differences in K isotopic compositions between enstatite meteorites and the Earth remained uncertain. We report the first high‐precision K isotopic compositions of eight enstatite chondrites and four aubrites and find that there is a significant variation of K isotopic compositions among enstatite meteorites (from ?2.34‰ to ?0.18‰). However, K isotopic compositions of nearly all enstatite meteorites scatter around the bulk silicate earth (BSE) value. The average K isotopic composition of the eight enstatite chondrites (?0.47 ± 0.57‰) is indistinguishable from the BSE value (?0.48 ± 0.03‰), thus further corroborating the isotopic similarity between Earth's building blocks and enstatite meteorite precursors. We found no correlation of K isotopic compositions with the chemical groups, petrological types, shock degrees, and terrestrial weathering conditions; however, the variation of K isotopes among enstatite meteorite can be attributed to the parent‐body processing. Our sample of the main‐group aubrite MIL 13004 is exceptional and has an extremely light K isotopic composition (δ⁴¹K = ?2.34 ± 0.12‰). We attribute this unique K isotopic feature to the presence of abundant djerfisherite inclusions in our sample because this K‐bearing sulfide mineral is predicted to be enriched in ³⁹K during equilibrium exchange with silicates.  相似文献   

Better must come: exiting homelessness in two global cities,by Matthew D. Marr     

Christine L. Jocoy  Hannah Zucherman 《Urban geography》2017,38(2):318-320

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Wind‐driven depth‐averaged circulation in Queen Charlotte Sound and Hecate Strait     

Charles G. Hannah  Paul H. LeBlond  William R. Crawford  W. Paul Budgell 《大气与海洋》2013,51(4):712-736

Abstract

We develop a wind‐driven depth‐averaged model of the circulation on the continental shelf around the Queen Charlotte Islands. The model captures a major feature of the winter current‐meter observations: a flow in Moresby Trough against the direction of the prevailing winds. Moresby Trough is a steep submarine canyon cutting across the shelf from the Pacific Ocean to the mainland. The flow patterns revealed by simulated drifters lead to four generalizations about the depth‐averaged, wind‐driven flow: (1) the flow is subject to strong topographic steering, (2) the exchange between Queen Charlotte Sound and the Pacific Ocean is limited to small regions near Cape St James and Cape Scott, (3) the exchange between Queen Charlotte Sound and Hecate Strait is controlled by Moresby Trough, and (4) the observed outflows past Cape St James are not explained by the dynamics of this model.  相似文献   

Moving beyond the catchment scale: Value and opportunities in large-scale hydrology to understand our changing world     

Daniel G. Kingston  Nicolas Massei  Bastien Dieppois  David M. Hannah  Andreas Hartmann  David A. Lavers  Jean-Philippe Vidal 《水文研究》2020,34(10):2292-2298

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GIS Investigation of the relationship of sex and season on the population distribution of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Charleston,South Carolina     

Hannah Bouchillon  Norman S. Levine  Patricia A. Fair 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(8):1552-1566

ABSTRACT

The Charleston Estuarine System Stock (CESS) of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) has been the focus of population monitoring for the past 20 years. Photo-id studies have determined abundance and survival estimates for this population, which exhibits high site fidelity in this area. However, fine-scale distribution, utilization patterns, and the driving forces behind these patterns are lacking. Using historical photo-id data and a novel application of geographic information system (GIS) analysis, the present study identified core use areas within Charleston Harbor, as well as patterns specific to sexes and seasons. Photo-id data of 319 dolphins sighted 11 times or more during 2004–2009 were analyzed. Heat maps were developed to examine spatial distributions using kernel density estimates (KDE) and were compared between sexes and seasons. Multiple high-density core use areas were identified for this population, with the most noteworthy near the mouth of the harbor toward the Atlantic Ocean. Fine-scale distribution varied across sexes, as well as seasons. Some areas were identified as more specifically inhabited by one sex, while other areas overlapped between sexes. Females were more tightly concentrated within their distribution while males were more dispersed. Although population distribution varied across seasons, sex distributions remained.  相似文献