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51.
Hans-Peter Plag 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1984,7(1-2):283-297
The water level records of 11 stations from the Norwegian coast having the recording interval 1971–1972 in common have been analysed with a least squares algorithm. The results for the harmonic constants are compared to open ocean tide models and a good agreement is found. The variation of tidal parameters and mean sea level are calculated from a 70 years water level record from Bergen. An 18.6 yearly variation in amplitude and phase of the fortnightly tide Mf could be identified. Cross correlation techniques are used to investigate the nontidal part of the water level changes. Correlating the residuals of the analyses with each other, the main nontidal water level changes are found to be moving from south to north along the Norwegian coast, taking 20 hours to reach from Stavanger to Vadsø. The effect of local air pressure on sea level is modelled using transfer functions. Mean sea level changes in Bergen are found to correlate with changes in length of day and changes in global surface temperature. 相似文献
52.
Eric Schlosser Birger Bohn Theo Brauers Hans-Peter Dorn Hendrik Fuchs Rolf Häseler Andreas Hofzumahaus Frank Holland Franz Rohrer Lutz Olaf Rupp Manfred Siese Ralf Tillmann Andreas Wahner 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2007,56(2):187-205
At the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR in Jülich both Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (LIF) and Long-Path Differential
Optical Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) are operational for the detection of OH radicals at tropospheric levels. The
two different spectroscopic techniques were compared within the controlled environment of SAPHIR based on all simultaneous
measurements acquired in 2003 (13 days). Hydroxyl radicals were scavenged by added CO during four of these days in order to
experimentally check the calculated precisions at the detection limit. LIF measurements have a higher precision (σ= 0.88×106 cm–3) and better time resolution (Δt = 60 s), but the DOAS method (σ= 1.24×106 cm–3, Δt = 135 s) is regarded as primary standard for comparisons because of its good accuracy. A high correlation coefficient of
r = 0.95 was found for the whole data set highlighting the advantage of using a simulation chamber. The data set consists of
two groups. The first one includes 3 days, where the LIF measurements yield (1 – 2) ×106 cm–3 higher OH concentrations than observed by the DOAS instrument. The experimental conditions during these days are characterized
by increased NOx concentration and a small dynamic range in OH. Excellent agreement is found within the other group of 6 days. The regression
to the combined data of this large group yields unity slope without a significant offset. 相似文献
53.
ABSTRACTThe United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development sets seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030. Earth observation are needed that can support the development and validation of transformation policies to make progress towards the SDGs. A participatory and inclusive goal-based approach (GBA) is introduced that links societal goals, targets and indicators to Essential Transformation Variables (ETVs) of the human and non-human environment. The GBA is complementary to the widely used expert-based approach. The GBA is applied to the SDGs at the goal, target and indicator levels. The high-level conceptual model used for the SDGs is humanity embedded in the Earth's life-support system (ELSS). At the goal level, very few of the SDGs are directly focusing on the ELSS and its physiology. Most of the SDG Targets focus on transformations in society and the built environment. Having targets that explicitly focus on the physiology of the ELSS would be important for sustainability. Most of the current indicator measure the built environment and the embedded social fabric. Sustainable development requires a functioning ELSS, and to ensure this, complementary indicators that bring environmental aspects to the monitoring of SDG targets are needed. 相似文献
54.
Saxicolous species of lichens are able to induce and accelerate weathering of their rock substrate, and effects of lichens
on substrate can be attributed to both physical and chemical causes. This paper is focused on biotic weathering actions of
epilithic and endolithic species on the different rock types (sandstones and volcanogenic rocks) in Antarctica. The patterns,
mechanisms, processes and neoformations of rock-weathering resulting from lichen colonization are expounded in detail. Furthermore,
it is pointed out that, for a better understanding of the impacts of lichens on environments, the studies on the rate of biotic
weathering and the comprehensive involvement of the lichen effects on weathering of natural rocks remain to be carried out
in Antarctica. 相似文献