基于Landsat 8光学影像的巴基斯坦Awaran M_w7.7地震形变监测及参数反演研究          下载免费PDF全文

冯光财  许兵  单新建  李志伟  张国宏 《地球物理学报》2015,58(5):1634-1644

2013年9月24日巴基斯坦俾路支省(Balochistan)境内的阿瓦兰县(Awaran)发生了Mw7.7级地震.本文利用覆盖该地区的Landsat 8数据,基于影像配准的方法获取了该次地震的同震形变场,并运用地统计的方法对形变结果进行精度评定.针对传统四叉树算法中近场和远场中采样密度的不均匀性,以及噪音区域对数据降采样和反演结果收敛性的影响,本文提出了改进的四叉树算法对点的密度和形变梯度进行合理兼顾.最后利用光学影像获取的形变结果和数据的精度水平,基于Okada弹性半空间形变模型反演了该地震的震源参数和断层滑动分布.结果表明,地震断层北倾47°,滑动以左旋走滑为主,断层的西南部兼具少量的倾滑运动分量,断层滑动主要集中分布在断层面0~15km深度范围,最大滑动量达10m.反演获得的地震标量矩为4.68×1020 N·m,震级约为Mw7.75级.本文的研究结果可以为该地区的地壳应力变化研究和地震灾害评估提供依据,同时为Landsat 8光学影像应用于地震的形变研究提供参考.  相似文献   

通过InSAR与GPS数据融合获取汶川地震同震三维形变场   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋小刚  申星  姜宇  万剑华  单新建  屈春燕 《地震地质》2015,37(1)

针对In SAR与GPS两类独立的观测数据,利用广义测量平差理论中方差分量估计法,合理分配权重,有效地融合了这两类观测数据,从而估算出了地表在三维方向上的形变场。以四川汶川地震为例,利用In SAR干涉测量结果和一定数量的GPS观测值,通过该方法获取了地震断层两侧高相干区域上三维形变场,清晰地显示了汶川地震的逆冲和右旋走滑分量的位置分布整体特征。结果表明,在EW、SN和UD方向上地表形变量与GPS结果能够很好地吻合,融合结果在三维方向上的均方根误差均不超过5cm,证明了该方法能够得到精度较高的地震同震三维形变场,也揭示了利用方差分量估计法对相互独立数据之间有效融合的可行性。  相似文献   

THREE-DIMENSIONAL DEFORMATION OF THE 2008 GAIZE EARTHQUAKES RESOLVED FROM INSAR MEASUREMENTS BY MULTIPLE VIEW ANGLES AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Jia-qing  ZHANG Guo-hong  SHAN Xin-jian  ZHANG Ying-feng 《地震地质》2016,38(4):978-986

The 2008 Gaize M_W6.4 earthquake,occurring on the tensional active fault zone located between Lhasa terrane and Qiangtang terrane in the interior of Tibet is a typical normal-faulting event.In this paper,we resolve the three-dimensional coseismic displacement fields of the earthquakes using a least-square iterative approximation solution with a priori knowledge,according to the theoretical basis that InSAR measurements are extremely insensitive to N-S component.Results show that the boundary dividing the two sides of the main-shock fault is very clear in the vertical movement,and two remarkable subsidence centers can be observed on the hanging wall,while amplitude of the west one (-48.9cm) is larger than the east (-41.4cm),but the maximum uplift on the footwall is only 5cm.In addition to some northward movement with amplitude less than 5cm around the aftershock fault,the north-south deformation field suggests an overall southward movement.The three-dimensional results indicate that the induced surface movement is predominantly vertical and mostly occurred on the upper side,while there are obvious east-west separation and eastward rotation in the horizontal plane.The full vectors are consistent with simulated deformation field with the RMSE less than 6cm,so the research demonstrates the feasibility of the method to recover precise three-dimensional deformation field.On the whole,the three-dimensional deformation field coincides with the tensile fracture characteristics of Gaize earthquakes,and the tectonic stress background of coeval east-west extension and north-south shortening.  相似文献   

江苏省突发地质灾害气象风险预警模型优化与应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

单玉香  鄂建  黄敬军  高立 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2015,26(1):122-126

本文紧抓影响滑坡、崩塌地质灾害的主要影响因素——地质环境条件和人类工程活动特征,通过调整易发度判别因子及其权重,建立基于有效降雨量和预报雨量的临界降雨量判据,实现江苏省突发地质灾害气象风险预警模型的优化。2013年汛期实践结果表明,效果良好,预警精度有较大程度提高。  相似文献   

波浪作用下加固软基上大圆筒结构稳定性分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

肖忠  王元战  及春宁  黄泰坤  单旭 《岩土力学》2010,31(8):2648-2654

在大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS平台上,通过二次开发,将软黏土的循环强度与D-P屈服准则相结合,基于拟静力分析建立了波浪循环作用下考虑软土地基弱化效应的大圆筒结构稳定性计算模型。结合某工程,对大圆筒结构的稳定性进行了分析。结果表明,考虑地基循环弱化效应时,大圆筒结构的稳定性安全系数显著降低;打设排水板对地基加固后,结构稳定性安全系数显著提高;在同一圆筒入土深度下,随着地基加固深度的增加,大圆筒结构稳定性安全系数明显增大。考虑地基循环弱化效应时大圆筒结构稳定性安全系数减小程度在30 %左右,建议在实际设计中应考虑软土地基循环弱化效应对大圆筒结构稳定性的影响。同时在地基不满足承载要求时,打设排水板加固软土地基是提高大圆筒结构稳定性的有效途径。  相似文献   

Review and Significance of Microbial Carbonate Reservoirs in China     

ZHANG Jing  ZHANG Baomin  SHAN Xiuqin 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(Z1):157-157

<正>1 Introduction Numerous studies on the Meso-Neoproterozoic life evolution show that the cyanobacteria which thrived and dominated the biological world in the Proterozoic Era is closely related to the genesis of microbial carbonate rocks.Considerable oil and gas resources can be found in microbial carbonate rocks and many related oil and gas  相似文献   

Relationships between InSAR Seismic Deformation and Fault Motion Sense, Fault Strike, and Ascending/Descending Modes     

QU Chunyan  SHAN Xinjian  ZHAO Dezheng  ZHANG Guohong  SONG Xiaogang 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(1):93-108

Based on the working principle of satellite radars, the earthquake deformation field measured by interferometric synthetic aperture (InSAR) is the projection of ground displacement associated with the seismogenic fault in the line of sight (LOS) of the satellite. However, LOS projections are complex, and are not only related to the ascending/descending modes and incidence angles of SAR data, but also related to the strike and motion senses of the fault. Even for the same earthquake, the LOS deformation derived from different ascending/descending data can be almost identical in one case, but quite different in another case, which makes the interpretation of InSAR seismic deformation and its comparison with field observations difficult. In this study, we undertook a quantitative analysis of the relationships between LOS observation sensitivity of InSAR and fault strike, fault motion sense, and ascending/descending modes, as well as 3D deformation fields. We studied the features and differences of the LOS deformation fields in different types of earthquakes using ascending/descending modes, with a particularly detailed analysis of the relations for a strike-slip type of earthquake. We also summarized the characteristics of LOS deformation fields of faults with different strikes and optimal observational data modes. Taking the strike-slip Yushu earthquake and the normal Gaize event as examples, we used SAR data of the ascending/descending modes to verify the results of quantitative calculations. These analyses will not only provide a more reasonable interpretation of InSAR seismic deformation fields and but also help understand the differences of seismic deformation fields revealed by data with different observational modes, therefore promoting the application of InSAR technology in seismology.  相似文献   

海洋特别保护区现状及管理对策——以莱州浅滩海洋生态国家级海洋特别保护区为例          下载免费PDF全文

冷星  朱龙海  单忠才  迟立平 《海洋开发与管理》2017,34(Z2):93-97

海洋特别保护区具有特殊的地理条件、生态系统、生物与非生物资源,需采取有效措施加以保护。莱州浅滩位于莱州湾东部,为山东半岛北岸规模最大的近岸水下堆积地貌体,是海洋动力长期作用下的产物,所在海域为莱州湾内重要经济水生生物的产卵场。为了维护莱州浅滩生物多样性以及自然生态系统的完整性,保护产卵场,经国家海洋局批准建立了莱州浅滩海洋生态国家级海洋特别保护区。文章阐述了该保护区自然环境资源及管理现状,提出了健全管理体制、拓宽融资渠道、完善保护区监测体系、提高周边居民环保意识等管理对策,以期对维护和改善海洋特别保护区的自然环境资源状况的决策提供参考。  相似文献   

松辽盆地长岭断陷火山岩储层对天然气成藏的控制作用     

刘哲  单玄龙  衣健  代登亮 《世界地质》2017,36(3):880-888

火山岩气藏是松辽盆地长岭断陷深层重要的气藏类型。通过钻井岩芯、扫描电镜、孔渗测试及面孔率分析等资料,详细研究了火山岩储层的类型和特征;并结合地震资料和产能数据刻画了火山岩储层和气藏的空间分布特征,探索了不同类型火山岩储层对天然气成藏的控制作用。研究表明,研究区主要发育有气孔流纹岩储层、流纹质凝灰熔岩储层和块状流纹岩储层3种类型。气孔流纹岩储层以原生孔隙和微裂缝为主,属于较高-高孔,低渗-较高渗储层;流纹质凝灰熔岩储层主要发育脱玻化孔和构造裂缝,为中孔-特低渗储层;块状流纹岩储层储集空间以裂缝为主,属于特低孔-特低渗储层。气孔流纹岩型气藏的特点是多层工业气层纵向和横向叠加形成,气井产能高,含气面积大;流纹质凝灰熔岩型气藏的特点是块状气藏的气井产能中等;块状流纹岩型气藏的特点是块状气藏,气井产能小,需压裂后方能达到工业产能。  相似文献   

祁漫塔格肯德可克火山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb、⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄及地质意义     

马帅  陈世悦  孙娇鹏  汪峰  单腾飞 《地质力学学报》2017,23(4):558-566

通过对采集到的肯德可克上泥盆统契盖苏群火山岩样品进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年和~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年,结合区域地质特征,本文对祁漫塔格构造带的多旋回构造演化进行了总结分析。研究表明,契盖苏群流纹岩形成于晚泥盆世(384.9±6.0 Ma),而契盖苏群的形成时间不晚于晚泥盆世。767±15 Ma、915±18 Ma两个继承性锆石年龄证明研究区响应了Rodinia超大陆聚合—裂解。地层、沉积、变质及变形等证据不支持祁漫塔格地区存在晚古生代洋盆或裂陷槽,晚古生代祁漫塔格地区是发育在柴达木西南缘的陆表海。样品~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar有效坪年龄为220.3±1.7 Ma,代表研究区最后一次埋深达约8000 m。晚三叠世火山活动之后,研究区发生大规模抬升,随后叠加了印支晚期、燕山、喜山等多期构造事件导致中新生代缺少大规模沉降。陆内造山持续到32 Ma左右,随后由于库木库里盆地的伸展,祁漫塔格造山带与东昆仑造山带分离。  相似文献