鄂尔多斯盆地东胜铀矿田铀源示踪及其地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

冯晓曦  金若时  司马献章  李建国  赵华雷  陈印  陈路路  汤超  奥琮  王心华 《中国地质》2017,44(5):993-1005

笔者以鄂尔多斯盆地东胜铀矿田的典型矿床——纳岭沟铀矿床为主要研究对象,通过铀矿体及围岩岩石地球化学、电子探针及稳定同位素测试等方法,综合分析了东胜砂岩型铀矿田的铀源及其地质意义。结果表明:主要含矿目标层中侏罗统直罗组在同生沉积过程中,铀预富集达212.45×10~(-6),围岩达41.34×10~(-6);预富集铀主要来自于盆地北缘蚀源区;铀矿体及围岩REE配分曲线总体具一致性,右倾,个别δEu正异常,富集重稀土,两者铀源具一致性;含铀砂岩δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)=-9.7‰,δ~(18)O_(SMOW)=18.9‰,黄铁矿δ~(34)S_(v-CDT)=-27.46‰,经历了强烈的有机地质作用;铀石围绕炭屑、星散状黄铁矿产出,被胶状黄铁矿肢解,铀富集于成岩作用后期。由此认为,直罗组同生沉积过程中预富集的铀为主要成矿铀源,东胜铀矿田属直罗组预富铀重新分配的产物。  相似文献   

跨季节蓄热型地源热泵热传递规律研究          下载免费PDF全文

吴晅  路子业  刘卫  梁盼龙  田雪凯  金光 《水文地质工程地质》2017,(5):164-164

基于有限元分析法,建立了准三维非稳态传热模型。在试验验证的基础上,分析了跨季节蓄热型地源热泵蓄热过程中土壤温度、单位井深换热量、热作用半径随热泵运行时间的变化规律,讨论了土壤结构、入口水温、入口质量流量、热泵运行模式等对土壤传热规律的影响,并研究了土壤热平衡问题。结果表明:同一半径不同深度处,土壤温度增长幅度随土壤热扩散率的增加而增大;土壤热作用半径随热泵运行时间及入口水温的升高而增加,并逐渐趋于稳定;间歇运行模式下,地埋管附近土壤温度及换热量均呈波动式变化,且当径向距离大于0.3 m时,与连续模式一致;在满足换热量的情况下,流体质量流量不宜过大;系统运行一个周期（360 d）后土壤温度基本可以恢复,且流体入口温度不宜低于40 ℃。  相似文献   

Effects of Deep Fluids on Hydrocarbon Generation and Accumulation in Chinese Petroliferous Basins     

ZHU Dongy  LIU Quanyou  JIN Zhijun  MENG Qingqiang  HU Wenxuan 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(1):301-319

Deep fluids in a petroliferous basin generally come from the deep crust or mantle beneath the basin basement, and they transport deep substances(gases and aqueous solutions) as well as heat to sedimentary strata through deep faults. These deep fluids not only lead to large-scale accumulations of CO_2, CH_4, H_2, He and other gases, but also significantly impact hydrocarbon generation and accumulation through organic-inorganic interactions. With the development of deep faults and magmatic-volcanic activities in different periods, most Chinese petroliferous basins have experienced strong impacts associated with deep fluid activity. In the Songliao, Bohai Bay, Northern Jiangsu, Sanshui, Yinggehai and Pearl Mouth Basins in China, a series of CO_2 reservoirs have been discovered. The CO_2 content is up to 99%, with δ~(13)C_(CO2) values ranging from-4.1‰ to-0.37‰ and ~3He/~4He ratios of up to 5.5 Ra. The abiogenic hydrocarbon gas reservoirs with commercial reserves, such as the Changde, Wanjinta, Zhaozhou, and Chaoyanggou reservoirs, are mainly distributed in the Xujiaweizi faulted depression of the Songliao Basin. The δ~(13)CCH4 values of the abiogenic alkane gases are generally -30‰ and exhibit an inverse carbon isotope sequence of δ~(13)C_(CH4)δ~(13)C_(C2H6)δ~(13)C_(C3H8)δ~(13)C_(C4H10). According to laboratory experiments, introducing external H_2 can improve the rate of hydrocarbon generation by up to 147% through the kerogen hydrogenation process. During the migration from deep to shallow depth, CO_2 can significantly alter reservoir rocks. In clastic reservoirs, feldspar is easily altered by CO_2-rich fluids, leading to the formation of dawsonite, a typical mineral in high CO_2 partial pressure environments, as well as the creation of secondary porosity. In carbonate reservoirs, CO_2-rich fluids predominately cause dissolution or precipitation of carbonate minerals. The minerals, e.g., calcite and dolomite, show some typical features, such as higher homogenization temperatures than the burial temperature, relatively high concentrations of Fe and Mn, positive Eu anomalies, depletion of 18 O and enrichment of radiogenic ~(87)Sr. Due to CO_2-rich fluids, the development of high-quality carbonate reservoirs is extended to deep strata. For example, the Well TS1 in the northern Tarim Basin revealed a high-quality Cambrian dolomite reservoir with a porosity of 9.1% at 8408 m, and the Well ZS1 C in the central Tarim Basin revealed a large petroleum reserve in a Cambrian dolomite reservoir at ~6900 m. During the upward migration from deep to shallow basin strata, large volumes of supercritical CO_2 may extract petroleum components from hydrocarbon source rocks or deep reservoirs and facilitate their migration to shallow reservoirs, where the petroleum accumulates with the CO_2. Many reservoirs containing both supercritical CO_2 and petroleum have been discovered in the Songliao, Bohaiwan, Northern Jiangsu, Pearl River Mouth and Yinggehai Basins. The components of the petroleum trapped with CO_2 are dominated by low molecular weight saturated hydrocarbons.  相似文献   

A New Species of Ginkgo with Male Cones and Pollen Grains in situ from the Middle Jurassic of Eastern Xinjiang, China     

WANG Zixi  SUN Fankai  JIN Peihong  CHEN Yingquan  CHEN Jingwei  DENG Peng  YANG Guolin  SUN Bainian 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(1):9-21

Well-preserved Ginkgo pollen organs are analyzed from the Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation of the Turpan–Hami Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwestern China, and are described as a new species, Ginkgo hamiensis Z.X. Wang et B.N. Sun sp. nov. The immature male cones are cylindrical and catkin-like, with two longitudinal stripes on the stalk. The pollen sacs are shaped like a long oval with two pollen sacs fused together for each microsporophyll, and the microsporophyll tip is a triangular cystidium. The pollen grains are oblong or fusiform and monocolpate; both ends are blunt or sharp. By comparison with previously reported fossil records of Ginkgo plants, we determined that the current fossils are different from all other reported species; thus, the present fossil is referred to as a new species of Ginkgo. The reproductive organs of the Ginkgo fossils described herein can provide valuable information for the study of Ginkgo plants. Further, there are two probable evolutionary trends in the Ginkgo pollen cones. One trend is that the number of pollen sacs changed from three or four during the Jurassic and Cretaceous to two at the present day; the other is that the number of pollen sacs has remained two from the Middle Jurassic to the present day. In addition, the pollen cones described herein are similar to the pollen cones of the extant Ginkgo, which strongly indicates that the morphology of Ginkgo plants may have remained highly conserved over millions of years.  相似文献   

Asplenium sanshuiense sp. nov.: the Lowest Latitude Fossil Record of the Genus     

XU Kewang  LIAO Wenbo  JIN Jianhu  LIU Xiaoyan 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(4):1179-1189

Extant Asplenium is one of the most widespread fern groups and occurs in the temperate and tropical regions. However, the fossil records of this genus are poorly documented, especially in the low latitudes. Here, a new species, Asplenium sanshuiense sp. nov. is described from the early Eocene of Sanshui Basin, Guangdong Province, South China. This is the lowest modern latitude fossil record of Asplenium and the first fossil assignment of A. section Darea (Jussieu) Bak., as well as the first fossil record of Asplenium reported from South China. This new species shows that Asplenium had already spread into South China by the early Eocene and the section Darea (Jussieu) Bak. was identifiable within the genus Asplenium during that time. This new species, combined with previous fossil spore-pollen records indicates a warm and humid climate in the Sanshui Basin of the early Eocene.  相似文献   

A New Species of Cupressinocladus from the Lower Cretaceous of Guyang Basin, Inner Mongolia, China and Cluster Analysis     

JIN Peihong  MAO Teng  DONG Junling  WANG Zixi  SUN Mingxuan  XU Xiaohui  DU Baoxi  SUN Bainian 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(4):1200-1214

Cupressinocladus Seward is a fossil genus of conifers and conifer fossils with reproductive organs are very rare. In general, it is difficult to understand the natural affinities with other conifers. In this paper, a new species, Cupressinocladus guyangensis P.H. Jin et B.N. Sun sp. nov., is reported based on branches with immature female cones from the Lower Cretaceous Guyang Formation of the Guyang Basin in Inner Mongolia, northern China. The foliage shoots are decussate. Leaves are decussate, imbricate, scale-like, weakly dimorphic, and bear longitudinal glands on the abaxial view. Stomata complexes are haplocheilic, monocyclic, irregularly arranged, and spread along the leaf margin. Immature female cones are subglobose with 6–8 cone scales, and three subglobose ovules arranged in a row at the base of the cone scales. Moreover, we performed cluster analysis using a statistics and machine learning toolbox for 23 fossils and extant species based on 16 morphological characters. The result implies that the new species bears a close resemblance to the extant Cupressus funebris Endl. and might have nearest systematic affinities to it.  相似文献   

基于区域农业用水量的干旱重现期计算方法          下载免费PDF全文

张宇亮  蒋尚明  金菊良  吴志勇  周玉良 《水科学进展》2017,28(5):691-701

为研究实际水利条件下农业干旱的发生规律,简化农业干旱事件的评估方法,提出基于区域农业用水量的干旱重现期计算方法。通过构建农业用水量距平百分率干旱指标W_A,在基于降雨量距平百分率干旱指标P_A识别干旱事件的基础上,提取W_A干旱指标下的干旱历时和干旱烈度特征变量,并根据以P_A为干旱指标的干旱烈度频率分布曲线F_S（x）和干旱历时频率分布曲线F_D（x）,运用Copula的简化方法计算基于W_A的干旱事件重现期T,最后结合基于P_A的干旱事件重现期T₀,回归分析出T与T₀间关系的计算公式。选取干旱灾害影响严重的亳州市为实证区域开展应用研究,计算得到1975-2007年各场干旱事件的T₀和T以及T₀与T的经验关系式。结果表明:T比T₀更合理地反映区域农业实际受旱状况,重现期T₀和T间存在高度的相关关系,采用T的回归方程可简化计算考虑区域实际抗旱能力下的干旱事件重现期,在区域防旱减灾实践中具有推广应用价值。  相似文献   

基于热力学过程的渤海海冰生消模型          下载免费PDF全文

王昆  刘潘  金生  王年斌  于喆 《水科学进展》2017,28(1):116-123

为了对渤海海冰生消问题进行模拟,基于三维自由水面垂向分层动网格的Euler-Lagrangian模式,采用VC（Vertex-Centered）方式的非结构化有限体积方法离散三维浅水方程组,模拟渤海的水流运动过程。以此水动力场为背景,引入热力学过程的影响,对渤海海域的冬季结冰过程进行模拟,建立了海冰生消模型。其中热力学参数主要包括大气温度、相对湿度、风场特征、太阳辐射、感热通量系数以及潜热通量系数。以渤海2011/2012年常冰年的结冰过程为例,将各个热力学参数对冰情影响的敏感性进行分析,对模型进行了验证。结果表明,感热与潜热系数是对冰情影响最敏感的一项,即当感热和潜热通量系数仅减小了0.000 2后,其海冰的最大厚度就减小了15 cm。最后,通过连续实测的水动力数据与2009/2010年冬季的典型海冰灾害过程再一次对模型进行了验证,充分说明了模型具有较高的精确性、稳定性与实用性。  相似文献   

安徽省宿松县长溪山村江冲滑坡稳定性分析与评价     

金志  解会存  洪欢仁 《地质灾害与环境保护》2017,28(1)

在实地踏勘的基础上,对宿松县长溪山村江冲滑坡的地质地貌条件以及滑坡体的基本特征进行了详细的分析。在此基础上,采用传递系数法对地质界面(现状滑面)稳定性进行了计算,对滑坡在不同工况条件下的稳定性及发展趋势进行了分析、评价与预测,最终提出了有效的防治措施建议。  相似文献   

济南市平阴氡地热水中氟的来源及赋存机理浅析          下载免费PDF全文

于晓静  金兴  尹斐 《山东国土资源》2017,33(8)

通过对3处不同热储类型的地热水水质分析结果的对比分析,试从热储岩性、矿化度、pH值、温度及地下水水化学类型等方面分析各因素对水中F~-溶解的影响机理,认为:热储岩性对地热水水质起决定作用,高热储温度、碱性环境是水中氟离子富集的有利条件;水中Ca~(2+)可与F~-产生不溶于水的沉淀,对水中氟离子的富集起限制作用;水中F~-与H_2SiO_3,Sr的含量一般存在共生关系。水中氟的活性和含量不能看作只与某种盐类或阴、阳离子发生单相关的孤立作用的结果,而要重视在水中各种盐类并存的混合体系中可能出现的元素或物质间的拮抗、协同及交互作用。  相似文献