全文获取类型
收费全文 | 138篇 |
免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 4篇 |
大气科学 | 15篇 |
地球物理 | 38篇 |
地质学 | 32篇 |
海洋学 | 19篇 |
天文学 | 23篇 |
自然地理 | 9篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2015年 | 3篇 |
2014年 | 3篇 |
2013年 | 9篇 |
2012年 | 6篇 |
2011年 | 7篇 |
2010年 | 8篇 |
2009年 | 4篇 |
2008年 | 6篇 |
2007年 | 7篇 |
2006年 | 6篇 |
2005年 | 4篇 |
2004年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有140条查询结果,搜索用时 203 毫秒
101.
The recent history of catastrophic disturbances in forests was reconstructed at Mount Rainier National Park. Basic data were ages of trees based on ring counts of early seral conifer species and maps of age-class boundaries from field work and aerial photographs. Maps illustrate age classes of the forests and show disturbances from fires, snow avalanches, and lahars (volcanic mudflows). Fires are by far the most important major disturbers, followed by snow avalanches and lahars. Fires over 250 ha in size are called fire events. Burns over 1000 ha, which may have been one fire or a series of fires within a short time, are called fire episodes. Important fire events or episodes occurred in the years 1230, 1303, 1403, 1503, 1628, 1688, 1703, 1803, 1825, 1856, 1858, 1872, 1886, 1894, 1930, and 1934 A.D. The largest fire episode was in 1230; it affected approximately 47% of the forests in the park. The majority of the forests are over 350 yr old, and several stands are over 1000 yr old. Stands 350 yr and 100 to 200 yr in age are the most extensive age classes in the park. Three fire frequency indices are compared. None describe fire frequency at Mount Rainier well. Natural fire rotation was estimated at about 434 yr. All but two episodes of major fires since 1300 A.D. correspond well with major droughts reconstructed for locations east of the Cascade Range crest. Impacts of humans on the disturbance regime may have increased the frequency of fire in the 1850–1900 period, followed by a decrease in frequency after 1900. Fuel build-up as a result of fire suppression should have no significant impact on fire frequency, since fires are relatively infrequent and fuels accumulate naturally. 相似文献
102.
Silicic recharge of multiple rhyolite magmas by basaltic intrusion during the 22.6 ka Okareka Eruption Episode, New Zealand 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Phil Shane Ian A. Nairn Victoria C. Smith Miles Darragh Kate Beggs Jim W. Cole 《Lithos》2008,103(3-4):527-549
Deposits of the 22.6 ka Okareka Eruption Episode from Tarawera Volcanic Complex record the sequential and simultaneous eruption of three discrete rhyolite magmas following a silicic recharge event related to basaltic intrusion. The episode started with basaltic eruption ( 0.01 km3 magma), and rapidly changed to a plinian eruption involving a moderate temperature (750 °C), cummingtonite-bearing rhyolite magma (T1) with a volume of 0.3 km3. Hybrid basalt/rhyolite clasts demonstrate direct basaltic intrusion that helped trigger the eruption. Crystals, shards and lapilli of two other rhyolite magmas then joined the eruption sequence. They comprise a cooler (720 °C) crystal-rich biotite–hornblende rhyolite magma (T2) ( 0.3 km3), and a hotter (780 °C), crystal-poor, pyroxene–hornblende rhyolite magma (T3) ( 4.5 km3). All mid to late-stage ash units contain various mixtures of T1, T2 and T3 components with a general increase in abundance of T3 and rapid decline of T1 with time. About 4 km3 of T3 magma was extruded as lavas at the end of the episode. Contrasts in melt composition, crystal and volatile contents, and temperatures influenced viscosity and miscibility, and thus limited pre-eruption mixing of the rhyolite magmas. The eruption sequence and the restricted direct basaltic intrusion into only one magma (T1) is consistent with the rhyolites occupying separate melt pods within a large crystal-mush zone. Melt–crystal equilibria and volatile contents in melt inclusions indicate temporary magma storage depths of < 8 km. Each of the magmas display quartz crystals containing melt inclusions that are compositionally highly evolved relative to the accompanying matrix glass, and thus point to a stage of more complete crystallisation. The matrix glass, enriched in Sr and Ti, represents a re-melting event of underlying the crystal pile induced by basaltic intrusion, presumably part of the same event that erupted scoria at the start of the eruption. This recharge rhyolite melt percolated upward and hybridised with the resident melts in each of the three magma pods. The Okareka episode rhyolites contrast with other well-documented rhyolites that are either continuously or discontinuously zoned, or have been homogenised during re-activation to a uniform composition. Rapid basalt dike intrusion to shallow levels appears to have (prematurely?) triggered the Okareka rhyolites into eruption, so that their early ponding in separate melt pods has been recorded before it could be masked by mixing or stratification had amalgamation into a larger body occurred. 相似文献
103.
The aim of this work was to develop an easy to handle semi-analytical method to estimate the temporal development of emission
from a multi-component LNAPL pool considering groundwater recharge. The presented approach allows the estimation of the total
mass flux out of an LNAPL pool into the gas and the water phase, the latter including the mass fluxes from groundwater recharge,
advection through and diffusion out of the LNAPL zone. Therefore, the known set of constitutive relationships to determine
fluid saturation profiles of 2- and 3-phase systems is extended in this work to account for dynamic conditions due to groundwater
recharge. The methodology is applied to a kerosene pool at a former military airfield and it is found that the mass flux due
to groundwater recharge dominates the aqueous mass flux from the kerosene contaminated zone. A sensitivity study using field
parameters shows, that the apparent kerosene thicknesses observed in monitoring wells and the lithology control mass flux
into the gas phase, whereas the mass flux into groundwater mainly depends on the groundwater recharge rate. For the kerosene
found at the site, source emission into the soil gas is estimated to last longer than the emission into groundwater, the latter
varying between less than 100 and 400 years. 相似文献
104.
M. J. Miles 《The Photogrammetric Record》1968,6(32):196-201
The theory of the solution of the stereogram is developed from the condition that the vector triangle, formed by the base-line and the two rays from the perspective centre to a common model point, shall be in equilibrium. Using this approach the unique definition of a point in the model follows naturally from the solution of the relative orientation problem. 相似文献
105.
Progress has been made in the Pacific region to implement the decisions taken by leaders at the Earth Summit. There has been investment in the environment and in sustainable development initiatives in the Pacific, and island countries have managed to place their concerns and special circumstances clearly on the international agenda. By the very nature of Pacific islands, Agenda 21 and its off-shoot, the Barbados Programme of Action, have influenced ocean and coastal management. However, the extent to which this has changed the fundamental approach to development in islands is less clear. While it may not be possible to determine categorically the state of implementation of Agenda 21 or how far Pacific island countries have gone down the path towards sustainable development, there are some sound indicators of change. This paper examines a number of these indicators of progress to implement Agenda 21 in the Pacific at the national, regional and international levels, and identifies some challenges for the future. 相似文献
106.
107.
Analytical solutions for the Ekman layer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
John Miles 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1994,67(1-2):1-10
The PBL equation that governs the transition from the constant-stress surface layer to the geostrophic wind in a neutrally stratified atmosphere for which the eddy viscosityK(z) is assumed to vary smoothly from the surface-layer value U
*z (0.4,U
*=friction velocity,z=elevation) to the geostrophic asymptoteK
GU
*d forzd is solved through an expansion in fd/U
*1 (f=Coriolis parameter). The resulting solution is separated into Ekman's constant-K solution an inner component that reduces to the classical logarithmic form forzd and isO() relative to the Ekman component forzd. The approximationKU
*d is supported by the solution of Nee and Kovasznay's phenomenological transport equation forK(z), which yieldsK–U
*d exp(–z/d), where is an empirical constant for which observation implies, 1. The parametersA andB in Kazanskii and Monin's similarity relation forG/U
* (G=geostrophic velocity) are determined as functions of . The predicted values ofG/U
* and the turning angle are in agreement with the observed values for the Leipzig wind profile. The predicted value ofB based on the assumption of asymptotically constantK is 4.5, while that based on the Nee-Kovasznay model is 5.1; these compare with the observed value of 4.7 for the Leipzig profile. A thermal wind correction, an asymptotic solution for arbitraryK(z) and 1, and an exact (unrestricted ) solution forK(z)=U
*d[1–exp(–z/d)] are developed in appendices. 相似文献
108.
Mark A. Ricca A. Keith Miles James L. Bodkin Kimberly A. Trust 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(6):861-872
Exposure to contaminants other than petroleum hydrocarbons could confound interpretation of Exxon Valdez oil spill effects on biota at Prince William Sound, Alaska. Hence, we investigated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in blood of sea otters and harlequin ducks sampled during 1998. PCB concentrations characterized by lower chlorinated congeners were highest in sea otters from the unoiled area, whereas concentrations were similar among harlequin ducks from the oiled and unoiled area. Blood enzymes often elevated by xenobiotics were not related to PCB concentrations in sea otters. Only sea otters from the unoiled area had estimated risk from PCBs, and PCB composition or concentrations did not correspond to reported lower measures of population performance in sea otters or harlequin ducks from the oiled area. PCBs probably did not influence limited sea otter or harlequin duck recovery in the oiled area a decade after the spill. 相似文献
109.
110.
Glibert PM Azanza R Burford M Furuya K Abal E Al-Azri A Al-Yamani F Andersen P Anderson DM Beardall J Berg GM Brand L Bronk D Brookes J Burkholder JM Cembella A Cochlan WP Collier JL Collos Y Diaz R Doblin M Drennen T Dyhrman S Fukuyo Y Furnas M Galloway J Granéli E Ha DV Hallegraeff G Harrison J Harrison PJ Heil CA Heimann K Howarth R Jauzein C Kana AA Kana TM Kim H Kudela R Legrand C Mallin M Mulholland M Murray S O'Neil J Pitcher G Qi Y Rabalais N Raine R Seitzinger S Salomon PS Solomon C 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(6):1049-1056
The proposed plan for enrichment of the Sulu Sea, Philippines, a region of rich marine biodiversity, with thousands of tonnes of urea in order to stimulate algal blooms and sequester carbon is flawed for multiple reasons. Urea is preferentially used as a nitrogen source by some cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, many of which are neutrally or positively buoyant. Biological pumps to the deep sea are classically leaky, and the inefficient burial of new biomass makes the estimation of a net loss of carbon from the atmosphere questionable at best. The potential for growth of toxic dinoflagellates is also high, as many grow well on urea and some even increase their toxicity when grown on urea. Many toxic dinoflagellates form cysts which can settle to the sediment and germinate in subsequent years, forming new blooms even without further fertilization. If large-scale blooms do occur, it is likely that they will contribute to hypoxia in the bottom waters upon decomposition. Lastly, urea production requires fossil fuel usage, further limiting the potential for net carbon sequestration. The environmental and economic impacts are potentially great and need to be rigorously assessed. 相似文献